1、第二讲：保大分多法并举、瞻前顾后，稳取句内、句组层次题通过第一讲的怎样读懂文，明白了文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章，做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目，也就是句内、句组层次题。这些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，做到解题有理有据、有法可依。在进行本讲之前，我们需要先了解一下完形填空题的大致解题流程，以便我们对完形填空题的解答有个整体上的认识。一、5 句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。 1完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就可以运用习惯
2、搭配及固定结构来解题。典例(2019全国卷)Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 47.received_ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to _48_.48A.repairBriskCrest Duse分析：选D本题可以利用习惯搭配解题。根据语境可知，冒号后的句子介绍了Rjukan居民是如何收到冬季的第一缕阳光的附近山坡上的一排反射板被投入使用。put to use是习惯搭配，意为“投入
3、使用”，符合语境。2完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。典例(2020全国卷)As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction (拍卖)” 43.run by the Italian police where things _44_ on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.
4、There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45.nice above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder _46_ until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.44A.shown BfoundCkept Dhidden46A.battled BdebatedCdiscussed Dbargained分析：44.选B46.选A本题可以根据生活常识解题。这场拍卖会是由
5、意大利警察举办的，根据生活常识可知，所拍卖的这些物品应该是警察在火车上发现(found)的。故44题选B项。在拍卖会上，当然是看哪个竞买者出价高，然后就卖给哪位竞买者。因此，Nicolo和另外一个竞买者相互竞价、竞争(battle)。battle在此用作动词，意为“与较量，竞争”。故46题选A项。3完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。典例(2018全国卷)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chanc
6、e meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family! He was so _59_ and kind to do this.”59A.smart BcalmCsweet Dfair分析：选C本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选C。4此方法是通过分
7、析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。典例1(2020全国卷)“Nicolo，” whose real name cannot be _41_ to the public because of Italys privacy laws, 42.finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.41A.attached BallocatedCexposed Dsubmitted分析：选C本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。because of表
8、示因果关系，因为意大利的隐私法律，所以Nicolo的真实名字不能暴露(expose)给公众。故选C项。典例2(2016全国卷)We went 101 and I was named most valuable player, _48_ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 49.accident.48A.and BthenCbut Dthus 分析：选C本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。本空考查连词。连词的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以通过分析该未知填空前后文与已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何
9、种逻辑关系的连词。通过上述分析得知本空前后文与已知信息是明显的转折关系，因此答案选but。and表示并列关系；then表示顺承关系；thus表示因果关系。5上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。典例(2020全国卷)She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat _52_， and since shed found it too much to cope wit
10、h (应对), shed taken it out on _53_ people.52A.by chance Bby herselfCon purpose Don duty53A.rude BsuchCother Dlonely分析：52.选B53.选C这两道题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文“She had split up with her husband”可知，她已和丈夫离婚，暗示她正独自(by herself)居住。再根据“shed found it too much to cope with”可知，她有太多的事情要应对，故她拿别人(other people)出气。二、4 句组层次
11、题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组句群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合句群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后句子再找信息源。1复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来解题。典例1(2020全国卷)His son, age 15, who had 49.taken an art appreciation class, thought that there was something
12、50.unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.It was signed (签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51.researched it, he only found “Bonnard，” a French 52.painter he had never heard of.He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard si
13、tting on the same chair in the same _54_ as his fathers painting.54A.roomBkitchenChall Dgarden分析：选D本题可以利用语义复现解题。根据上文中的“with a young girl sitting on a garden chair”可知，此处选“garden”，是上文出现的garden的原词复现。典例2(2020浙江7月高考)Lamb and mother 39.reunited,_I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly aw
14、ay from me.This was so 40.unexpected because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.41.Obviously Don had somehow made the _42_ move.42A.lamb BvehicleCseat Dfence分析：选B本题可以利用上义词复现解题。根据上文“the tractor”可知，此处指Don以某种方式使车辆(vehicle)动了起来。vehicle是tractor的上义词。典例3(2019全国卷)A local farmer told them the dog s
15、ounded like one _50_ as lost in the local paper.The ad had a 51.phone number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers 52.called_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53.found their dog.50A.predicted BadvertisedCbelieved Drecorded分析：选B本题可以利用同根词复现解题。结合设空后一句中的“The ad”以及空处后面的“in the local paper
16、”可知，此处表示，一位当地的农场主告诉他们，这只狗好像是在当地报纸上刊登广告(advertised)的那只丢失的狗。设空处与下文中的ad(advertisement)是同根词复现，故选B项。2在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度或感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时的重要参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。典例(2020全国卷)Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that ou
17、r sliding glass door is just a window.The 41.reason is obvious.If we _42_ it is a door, theyll want to go outside _43_.It will drive us crazy.42A.admit BbelieveCmean Drealize43A.gradually BconstantlyCtemporarily Dcasually分析：42.选A43.选B本题可以利用感情色彩关联解题。根据本段首句可知，作者和妻子撒谎说门是一个窗户；再根据下一句中的crazy一词可知，上一句的行为会使作
18、者发疯。根据作者的这种情感态度可知，此处表示“如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去”。3在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。典例(2020新高考全国卷)When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23.disturbing happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24.damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. _25_， the number
19、of snakes had declined as well.25A.Besides BHoweverCTherefore DOtherwise分析：选A本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。上文提到由于洪水的缘故，使大量的鸟类被驱赶走。再根据空格后“蛇的数量也减少了”可知，前后两句之间为“递进”关系，故选A项。4在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。典例(2019全国卷)Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog.So, four days later, he called his fr
20、iend Greg, and the two drove _46_.After a long and careful 47.search.Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 48.cautiously away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.46A.home BpastCback Don 分析：选C本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据本段的第一句中的“Back home”可知，他已经回到家，后文讲述了四天后，Ehlers和朋友再次找小狗，暗示两个人开车又回到了发现小
21、狗的地方，故用back表示开车回去找小狗。随堂体验落实 (2020山西省八校高三第一次联考)Ruby Kate Chitsey at only 11 years old has been making peoples wishes come true! Not with magic, but with love.In fact, Ruby is one of the most _1_ young people you will meet!Ruby started her service after spending time _2_ nursing homes with her mom who
22、 is a _3_.While speaking with some of her moms patients, she _4_ that many of them have little _5_ or family.In fact, many _6_ on just $40 a month that the government provides as _7_. Hearing that one person had to _8_ her dog because she couldnt afford it, she felt something was wrong.Thats _9_ she
23、 started The Three Wishes project.She asked each resident (住户), “If you could have three _10_，what would they be？” Some of her friends kept her _11_，and they helped her note them down.Most wishes were _12_. Some people just wanted a person to talk to.Others a pair of shoes that _13_ them.One person
24、asked to watch children at _14_ at a park.Ruby and her mom started to raise funds _15_，so they started a GoFundMe campaign in their city.So far, shes raised over $26,000 out of her $40,000 target.But that is _16_ to go up, because Ruby was just _17_ as “GoFundMe kid hero of the month”！ Her final _18
25、_ is to just make people happy.Ruby is a great example of a young person taking action to _19_ a wrong.In doing so, she is helping _20_ many peoples lives for the better.思维导图(加号的题目为句内、句组层次题)语篇解读：本文讲述了Ruby及其妈妈热心帮助敬老院老人的故事。1A.generousBknowledgeableCintelligent Dcaring解析：选D根据上文中的“Not with magic, but wi
26、th love.”和下文对Ruby事迹的介绍可知，她应是乐于助人的。generous“慷慨的”； knowledgeable“博学的”； intelligent “聪明的”； caring“乐于助人的”。故选D。2.A.cleaning Bbuilding Cvisiting Ddecorating解析：选C她开始她的服务是在和她做护士的妈妈一起拜访敬老院之后。clean“清洁”； build“建造”；visit“拜访”；decorate“装修”。故选C。3.A.teacher Breporter Cnurse Dvolunteer解析：选C根据下文中的“some of her moms pa
27、tients”并结合选项可知，她的妈妈是一位护士。故选C。4.A.witnessed BdiscoveredCannounced Dexplained解析：选B经过和她妈妈的几位病人交谈，她得知他们当中很多人几乎没有钱或亲人。witness“目击”；discover“了解到，得知”；announce“宣布”；explain“解释”。故选B。5.A.money BhappinessCenergy Drelationship解析：选A根据下文中的“In fact, many _6_ on just $40 a month that the government provides as _7_”可知
28、，敬老院的老人们仅仅靠每月政府提供的40美元的补助生存，所以应该是他们几乎没有钱。故选A。6.A.work Binsist Csurvive Dact解析：选C参见上题解析。work“工作”；insist“坚持”；act“行动”。7.A.bonus Bprofit Cincome Dwelfare解析：选D根据常识可知，一个月40美元是由政府提供的福利。故选D。8.A.bring back Bkeep out Cgive up Dleave behind解析：选C此处表示听说一位老人因为负担不起而不得不放弃她的狗。bring back“带回”；keep out“留在外面”；give up“放弃
29、”；leave behind“留下”。故选C。9.A.where Bwhen Cbecause Dwhat解析：选B那就是她开始她的三个愿望计划的时候。上文交代了Ruby为什么及何时萌发三个愿望计划的内容，故选B。10.A.options BarrangementsClives Dwishes解析：选D她询问每一位敬老院的住户：如果你们有机会实现三个愿望，那会是什么呢？根据上下文出现的关键词“wishes”和文章的中心可知，此处表示“愿望”。option“选择”；arrangement “安排”；life“生命”；wish“愿望”。故选D。11.A.company Bsecret Cpromi
30、se Dpace解析：选A根据下文中的“and they helped her note them down”可知，她的一些朋友陪着她(一起做这件事情)。keep pany“陪伴某人”。故选A。12.A.beautiful BsimpleCextraordinary Dparticular解析：选B根据下文中的“Some people just wanted a person to talk to.Others a pair of shoes”可知，老人们的大多数愿望都非常简单。beautiful“美好的”；simple“简单的”；extraordinary“令人惊奇的”；particular
31、“特别的”。故选B。13.A.comfort Binspire Cattract Dfit解析：选D上文提到大多数愿望都很简单，故此处应表示另外一些人想要一双合脚的鞋。comfort“安慰，抚慰”；inspire“鼓舞，激励”；attract“吸引”；fit“(形状和尺寸)适合，合身”。故选D。14.A.play Brest Crelaxation Dpeace解析：选A结合语境和下文的地点“at a park”可知，此处表示一位老人期望去公园看看在玩耍的孩子们。at play“在玩耍”；rest“休息”；relaxation“放松”；peace“平静，和谐”。故选A。15.A.careful
32、ly Bgradually Clocally Dglobally解析：选C根据下文中的“so they started a GoFundMe campaign in their city”可知，她和她的妈妈是在当地开始筹集资金的。carefully“谨慎地”；gradually“逐渐地”；locally“在当地”；globally“全球地”。故选C。16.A.sure Bdifficult Csuitable Dwilling解析：选A根据上文可知，她的筹款目标是40 000美元，目前筹集了超过26 000美元，再结合下文中的“because Ruby was just _17_ asGoFu
33、ndMe kid hero of the month”可知，筹款金额一定会上涨的。be sure to do sth.“一定会做某事”。故选A。17.A.promoted Bnamed Cintroduced Didentified解析：选B她刚刚被授予“GoFundMe kid hero of the month”。promote“提升”；name“授予某种称号”；introduce“介绍”；identify“确认，认出”。故选B。18.A.attempt Binterest Cgain Dgoal解析：选D根据语境可知，她的最终目标是要让人们快乐。attempt“努力，尝试”；interest“兴趣”；gain“增加”；goal“目标”。故选D。19A.right Badmit Crecognize Dforgive解析：选A她是一个年轻人用实际行动去纠正一个错误的典例。这里指社会对敬老院的老人没有给予应有的足够的关注，但这个小主人公用她的实际行动去帮助老人们。right“改正，纠正，使恢复正常”；admit“承认”；recognize“认出”；forgive“原谅”。故选A。20.A.plan Bchange Cguarantee Dcontinue解析：选B通过这样做，她正在帮助让很多人的生活变得更好。for the better“更好”，故用change“改变”。
