1、 Topic 4Cloning (Book 8Unit 2).阅读理解A话题词数建议用时克隆动物3017分钟(2018东北三省三校第一次联考)Have you seen Jurassic Park? In this film, scientists use DNA kept for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs. They find trouble, however, when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and more dangerous than expe
2、cted. Thats nothing more than a fiction.But could we really clone endangered animals?To date, the most successful attempt to do so was the cloning of a gaur, a rare oxlike animal from southeast Asia. Scientists used a cow to bring the cloned baby gaur, named Noah. Two days after birth, however, Noah
3、 died from a common bacterial infection. Other endangered species that may be cloned include the African bongo antelope (羚羊), the Sumatran tiger, the cheetah (猎豹), and the giant panda.Next, could we really clone extinct animals?In theory? Yes. To do this, you need a wellkept source of DNA from the e
4、xtinct animals such as wool mammoth (毛象), Tasmanian tiger, or even dinosaur, and a closely related species, still living, which could serve as a_surrogate_mother.In reality? Probably not. On the one hand, its not likely that extinct animals DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time. Cloning s
5、uch extinct animals as wool mammoth, Tasmanian tiger, or dinosaur is much more difficult due to the lack of properly wellpreserved DNA. On the other hand, for example, a gaur can have a cow as a surrogate mother, definitely not a monkey. But what about an extinct animal as unique as the panda? What
6、species could possibly serve as a surrogate mother?Cloning presents many exciting possibilities. However, even if extinct animals were brought back, they could not survive in todays world. Not only do most extinct animals have no habitat to live in, but the other plants and animals they depended on
7、for food may also be gone as well.语篇解读：本文说明了在克隆灭绝动物的过程中遇到的重重困难与障碍。即使克隆成功了，其赖以生存的食物链也已经被破坏，被克隆出来的动物也无法继续生存下去。1It can be learned from the text that _.Athe gaur is an extinct speciesBthe gaur lives in Asia and is endangeredCscientists have cloned the African bongo antelopeDboth the cheetah and the gian
8、t panda live in Asia解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，印度野牛生活在亚洲的东南部，濒临灭绝。2The underlined words “a surrogate mother” probably refer to a female who _.Agives birth to a baby of its ownBcannot give birth to a babyCgives birth to a baby for another femaleDprovides DNA解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第五段的描述可知，此处表示的是，把一种动物的DNA提取出来之后，在另外一
9、种动物的体内进行胚胎繁殖，而这种动物就被称为a surrogate mother，由此判断，画线部分意思为“代孕妈妈”，故C项正确。3The difficulty in cloning an extinct species is the lack of _.Aboth the wellpreserved DNA and a surrogate motherBboth the habitat to live in and the wellpreserved DNACboth the wellpreserved DNA and plants to live onDboth the habitat
10、to live in and plants to live on解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“On the one hand . On the other hand .”两个方面的表述可知，克隆的困难在于一是要寻找灭绝动物的保存完好的DNA，二是要寻找到合适的代孕的物种，故A项正确。4In the authors opinion, it is possible that _.Aall the extinct species may be clonedBextinct species may be cloned and easily surviveCa gaur can have
11、 a monkey as a surrogate motherDsome extinct species may be cloned, but not survive解析：选D细节理解题。本文作者客观叙述了在克隆灭绝动物过程中所存在的种种困难与障碍。根据最后一段的表述可知，也许克隆存在众多的可能性，但是即使克隆成功了，也许会由于其赖以生存的食物链已经灭绝而无法继续存活下去。由此判断D项正确。B话题词数建议用时克隆少女3097分钟Here on the island of Demesne, the humans call us “clones”. I call myself Elysia, be
12、cause thats what Dr. Lusardi told me to call myself. I started to exist just weeks ago. But I am a sixteenyearold girl with no soul (灵魂). I know nothing of my First, the girl I was cloned from.We entered a private room, just me, the fancy lady Mrs. Bratton, and Marisa.The fancy lady pushes me with o
13、ne of her fingers as one might poke (戳) a piece of fruit at the market. She gently pokes my flesh. She presses her hands against my back to test its firmness.“Shes attractive，” she says.Marisa warns her, “Mrs. Bratton, she is a Beta (a new product being tested by users). Dr. Lusardi has not perfecte
14、d the teen line yet.”“I guess that will be reflected (体现) in the price，” says Mrs. Bratton.“Of course，” Marisa says. “Dr. Lusardi will be thrilled to know someone is willing to take a chance on a teen Beta.”Mrs. Bratton looks at me, “Whats your name, dear？”“Elysia，” I say.“I think you might make a w
15、onderful addition to our household, Elysia. Were so badly missing a teenage girl ever since Astrid, my eldest, went off to Biome University，” she says sadly.“Congratulations，” I say, because I know thats the appropriate thing to say to a parent whose child has studied in a wellknown university. “You
16、 must be very proud.”Mrs. Brattons face brightens. “I am! But Astrids so hardworking that she seldom comes back to visit us. We miss her a lot. Would you like to come to my family？”“Yes, maam，” I say.Marisa sends me back into the store when she finishes the negotiations (协商) with Mrs. Bratton. I am
17、to pick out some nice clothing to take to my new home, where I shall serve my new owner.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章节选了一个科幻故事的片段：一位母亲打算从商店购买一位克隆少女。5After entering the private room, the fancy lady _.Amakes the introductionsBchecks the clones qualityCoffers some fruit to the guestsDexchanges greetings with others
18、解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“The fancy lady pushes me . to test its firmness.”可知，进入房间之后，这位女士开始检查这个克隆人的质量。6Why is Mrs. Bratton so proud?AAstrid studies very hard.BShe is going to visit Astrid.CShe can buy something at the store.DHer daughter Astrid has entered Biome University.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第三至五段可知，当听到Elysia
19、说恭喜后，本因女儿离开家而难过的Mrs. Bratton顿时开心起来，由此推测她是为女儿考入名校而感到自豪。7Who will be Elysias new owner?ADr. Lusardi.BMarisa.CMrs. Bratton. DAstrid.解析：选C细节理解题。通读全文可知，检查克隆人Elysia质量的Mrs. Bratton将成为她的新主人。8Where does this text probably come from?AA research paper. BA personal diary.CAn advertisement. DA science fiction st
20、ory.解析：选D文章出处题。本文主人公Elysia是一位会说话的克隆人，故本文可能选自某科幻故事。.完形填空In the middle of town lived an old man. One day he _1_ his watch in his own store. It was _2_ to him because it was from his wife. After searching _3_ in the store for a long while, he _4_ to ask for help from a group of children playing outside
21、 the store. He _5_ them that the person who found it would be rewarded. _6_ this, the children hurried inside the store, went through and around the _7_ store, but still could not find the watch.Soon the man felt hopeless and wanted to _8_. A little boy went up to him and asked for another _9_. The
22、man looked at him and thought, “Why not? _10_， this kid looks sincere enough.”_11_ the man sent him back in the store. After a while the boy _12_ with the watch in his hand! The man was very _13_， and he asked the boy how he found it while the others had _14_. The boy replied, “I did nothing but sat
23、 on the ground and _15_. Then I heard the ticking (嘀嗒声) of the watch and just looked for it in that _16_.”We usually think about our own needs, which cant bring peace into our mind. _17_ we need to think about ourselves and keep peaceful for a while, which can produce a _18_ result. So allow a few m
24、inutes of _19_ to your mind every day, and see how it helps you deal with your work and make _20_ as you expect to!语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过找表这样一个小故事告诉我们给自己的大脑片刻宁静非常重要。1A.lost BbrokeChid Dfixed解析：选A由该段的“searching”，“found”以及“still could not find the watch”可知，他把表弄“丢了(lost)”。2A.close BstrangeCsimilar Dimporta
25、nt解析：选D由该空后的“because it was from his wife”可知，这块表对他来说非常“重要(important)”。3A.young and old Bheavy and lightChigh and low Dblack and white解析：选C这位老人在店里“上上下下(high and low)”找了个遍。4A.forgot BdecidedCagreed Dlearned解析：选B由下文孩子们进店找表的行为可知，他“决定(decided)”让在店外玩耍的孩子们进来帮忙。5A.warned BtaughtCworried Dpromised解析：选D由该空后的“
26、the person who found it would be rewarded”可知，他向孩子们“承诺(promised)”：谁找到了表，就有奖赏。6A.Hearing BSeeingCWearing DFeeling解析：选A“听到(Hearing)”他的承诺，孩子们冲进了店里。7A.big BdirtyCwhole Dbusy解析：选C孩子们为了找到表，搜遍了“整个(whole)”店。8A.set off Bgive upCcalm down Dshow off解析：选B由该空前的“the man felt hopeless”可知，他想要“放弃(give up)”了。9A.date B
27、reasonCmeeting Dchance解析：选D由下文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知，一个小男孩请老人再给他一次“机会(chance)”。10A.After all BSo farCAt first DAs usual解析：选A由该空前后内容可知，这里是说：为什么不呢？“毕竟(After all)”这个孩子看上去十分真诚。11A.But BOrCSo DUnless解析：选C老人认为这个孩子真诚，因此又让他进了店，前后是因果关系，故填So。12A.ran away Bcame outCfell down Dwent back解析：选B由上文
28、的“the man sent him back in the store”可知，过了一会儿，小男孩手里握着表“出来(came out)”了。13A.angry BproudCnervous Dsurprised解析：选D看到自己的表被找到了，这位老人十分“惊喜(surprised)”。14A.failed BfinishedCregretted Ddoubted解析：选A由上文内容可知，其他孩子都没有找到表而这个小男孩成功了，故填failed。15A.played BwaitedClistened Dwatched解析：选C由该空后的“Then I heard the ticking (嘀嗒声
29、) of the watch”可知，这个小男孩坐在地上开始仔细地“听(listened)”。16A.station BdirectionCsituation Ddarkness解析：选B听到手表的嘀嗒声，然后朝着那个“方向(direction)”找去。17A.Luckily BPossiblyCBesides DInstead解析：选D我们往往只考虑自己的需求，这样就无法让我们的心平静下来。“相反(Instead)”，我们应该从自身的角度去想一想，这样才会带来“好的(good)”结果。18A.clear BgoodCdirect Dnatural解析：选B参见上题解析。19A.silence
30、BexerciseCpleasure Dconversation解析：选A由上文的“keep peaceful for a while”可知，这里是说给自己的大脑片刻“宁静(silence)”。20A.noises BsenseCprogress Dmistakes解析：选C由该空前的“helps you deal with your work”和该空后的“as you expect to”可知，这里是说取得“进步(progress)”。.语法填空According to The Sunday Times of London, which looked at lifestyle _1_ (ch
31、oice) of over 500,000 Britons between the ages of 37 and 73, driving for more than two hours each day can _2_ (steady) decrease the IQ of middleaged drivers.When looking at the data of the 93,000 participants _3_ drove more than two hours per day, the study found a_4_ (notice) drop in brainpower the
32、 ability to think, _5_ (measure) by intelligence and memory tests. The study found similar results among participants _6_ (take) part in several hours similarly sedentary (久坐不动的) activity, _7_ television watching.“IQ decline is measurable over five years because it can happen fast in middleaged and
33、older people. This _8_ (associate) with lifestyle factors such as smoking and bad diet and now with time spent driving，” Kishan Bakrania told The Sunday Times.If you think that the way to improve your IQ _9_ (be) through brain games, think again. Just try and avoid those long hours on the road if po
34、ssible, and if you happen to have free time on your way to and off work, be sure to use _10_ wisely.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究：每天开车两个小时以上会让中年司机的智商持续下降。1choices根据语境可知，The Sunday Times研究了五十多万个37至73岁的英国人对生活方式的选择。choice“选择”是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故应用复数形式choices。2steadily每天开车两个小时以上会让中年司机的智商持续下降。此处应用副词steadily修饰动词de
35、crease。3who/that分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是participants，故填关系代词who/that。4noticeable根据语境可知，这个研究发现每天开车两个小时以上的参与者的智力出现了明显的下降。根据空前的“a”和空后的名词“drop”可知，此处应填形容词noticeable。5measured分析句子结构可知，measure与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，故应用过去分词measured作后置定语。6takingtake part in与其逻辑主语participants之间是主动关系，故应用其现在分词形式作后置定语。7like此处列举了看电视这样的久坐活动。like“例如，像”，符合语境。8is associated这与像吸烟和不良饮食这样的生活方式因素之间有联系。associate与This(指IQ decline)之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据前一句中的“is”及此处陈述的客观事实可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填is associated。9is如果你认为可以通过智力游戏来提高智商的话，重新考虑一下吧。句子的主语是the way，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填is。10it如果你正好在上下班路上有空闲时间，那么确保好好利用它。此处指代上文中的“free time”，故填it。
