1、核心素养测评 二十二必修5 Unit 2The United Kingdom(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AWant a wonderful travel in London? Dont miss the following!Cartoon MuseumThis highly entertaining London tourist attraction covers the history and development of British cartoons from the 18th century to the present day. You can find a detailed co
2、llection of all types of cartoons in this museum including caricatures (人物漫画) and rare examples of cartoon art: its an ideal place to entertain kids of all ages as well as a serious collection for animation enthusiasts. There are over nine hundred pieces on exhibit and the museum regularly holds eve
3、nts where both children and adults can participate. Booking for these events is recommended due to the popularity year round of this London Museum. Telephone: 020 7580 8155Chislehurst CavesChislehurst in London is home to chalk caves that were mined by hand for over 8, 000 years. A tour of these cav
4、es is an exciting way to see how British people have impacted on their environment over thousands of years. Telephone: 020 8467 3264The Old Operating Theatre MuseumThe Old Operating Theatre Museum is one London museum offering a fascinating insight into the medical profession of the past. This 300-y
5、ear old herb garret (阁楼) is Britains only surviving operating theatre, with a wooden operating table and an observation stand, from which visitors can witness surgery performed. Telephone: 020 7188 2679Curzon Mayfair Cinema MuseumRecently voted one of Londons best cinemas by Time Out readers, the Cu
6、rzon Mayfair cinema is everything you would expect from this particular part of town: luxurious (奢华的) and tasteful. Showing mostly art-house and independent films, the Curzon Mayfair is unique in the world of London cinema for its role in screening these films for industry and press. Telephone: 033
7、3321 0104【文章大意】本文是一则广告。文章介绍了伦敦的几处游览胜地。1. What can we learn from the Cartoon Museum?A. It is designed only for kids. B. It is the oldest cartoon museum in Britain. C. Visitors can take part in the activities held in it. D. One must book in advance to visit it. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Cartoon Museum中. . . the
8、museum regularly holds events where both children and adults can participate. “博物馆定期举办儿童和成人都能参加的活动。”可知, 我们能从卡通博物馆了解到游客可以参加在里面举行的活动。故选C。2. Which will you call up if youd like to know surgery of the past?A. 020 7580 8155. B. 020 7188 2679. C. 033 3321 0104. D. 020 8467 3264. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据The Old Ope
9、rating Theatre Museum中. . . from which visitors can witness surgery performed. 可知, 如果你想知道过去的外科手术, 你要打020 7188 2679。故选B。3. Which of the following may attract a nature lover?A. Chislehurst Caves. B. Cartoon Museum. C. Curzon Mayfair Cinema Museum. D. The Old Operating Theatre Museum. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据Ch
10、islehurst Caves中A tour of these caves is an exciting way to see how British people have impacted on their environment over thousands of years. “参观这些洞穴是一种令人兴奋的方式, 可以看到几千年来英国人是如何影响他们的环境的。”由此推知, Chislehurst Caves可能会吸引自然爱好者。故选A。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. participate vi. 参加2. recommend vt. 推荐3. impact vt. 影响4. observa
11、tion n. 观察长难句分析A tour of these caves is an exciting way to see how British people have impacted on their environment over thousands of years. 分析: 本句是一个复合句。see后面接宾语从句。译文: 游览这些洞穴是一个能观察几千年来英国人如何影响他们环境的令人兴奋的办法。B British people work some of the longest hours in Europe, but are among the least productive.
12、 Now some companies are shortening the working week to increase efficiency, health and happiness. Rich Leigh has introduced a four-day week at his PR company. In fact, his entire company has Friday off, because his firm has adopted a four-day week. It is one of a handful of UK businesses that now op
13、erate like this: staff still get paid their previous five-day salary, but they work a day less. The company found that they achieved just as muchand there were even sighs of growth. “The key to the schemes success, ” Leigh says, “is how happy our employees now are. ”The average British worker takes
14、only a 34-minute lunch break and works 10 hours overtime each week (more often than not this is unpaid). Yet UK productivity falls seriously behind their European neighbors, who tend to work fewer hours. British working practices have caused loss and damage to the nations health and happiness. More
15、than half a million workers in the UK were signed off with work-related stress or anxiety last year. Moreover, the work landscape itself is changing. Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market, where unsteady work becomes more common. Britain is the only EU member that allo
16、ws workers to ignore the EU working time limit and work longer hours. For campaigners, now is the time for a change. OGrady, an advocate, argues that where businesses have increased their profits as a result of automation, success should be shared with workers in the form of reduced hours. “Its time
17、 to share the benefits from new technology, not allowing those at the top to grab them for themselves. ” she says. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度。4. What can we learn from the passage?A. British people are the least productive in the world. B. Most companies in Britain have conducted a four-day
18、week. C. PR company has witnessed a rise in employees happiness. D. British people work longer and get more payment than other countries. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段Leigh says, “is how happy our employees now are. ” Leigh说, “是我们的员工现在有多快乐。”由此推断出PR公司见证了员工幸福感的提升, 故选C。5. Which is the proper description of Britis
19、h working practices?A. The working time of British workers is within the EU limit. B. In terms of productivity, Britain is beaten by the United States. C. Profits gained from new technology are on the decrease. D. Automation and AI are likely to cause an instable work market. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段Autom
20、ation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market, where unsteady work becomes more common. 自动化和人工智能将对劳动力市场产生重大影响, 不稳定的工作变得更加普遍。故选D。6. Which can be inferred from OGrady s words in the last paragraph?A. Its time for employers to share the increased profits created by automation. B. Work
21、ers should benefit from automation in the form of less working hours. C. New technology should belong to both businesses and workers. D. Businesses cant make more profits without new technology. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段OGrady, an advocate, argues that where businesses have increased their profits as a re
22、sult of automation, success should be shared with workers in the form of reduced hours. 拥护者OGrady认为, 在自动化提高了企业利润的地方, 成功应该以减少工时的形式与工人分享。由此推断出OGrady的话意思是工人应该从减少工作时间的自动化中获益, 故选B。7. What is the authors purpose of writing the passage?A. To introduce some British firms switch to a four-day working week. B
23、. To explain the reasons why British workers suffer stress and anxiety. C. To appeal for more reasonable working conditions. D. To present the current productivity problem in Britain. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。第二段Rich Leigh has introduced a four-day week at his PR company. 是全文的主题句, 结合全文内容, 可知这篇文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作
24、制度, 故选A。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. productive adj. 多产的2. efficiency n. 效率3. unsteady adj. 不稳的4. advocate v. 拥护;支持5. grab v. 抓住长难句分析Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market, where unsteady work becomes more common. 分析: 本句是一个复合句。句子的主语是Automation and AI, 谓语是will have, where引导的是定语从句, 修饰先行词
25、market。译文: 自动化和人工智能将对劳动力市场产生重大影响, 不稳定的工作变得更加普遍。. 完形填空Double TroubleWhen I was eight, I wanted a toy and needed $10 to buy it. I decided to ask my 11-year-old sister, Kathleen, for a loan. I went to her room, 1 her for the cash. Laughing, she agreed to lend me the money, but added, “I will charge you
26、 10 percent compound interest every 2 until you pay me back. ”“Compound interestwhats that?” I asked. “Well, interest is what you call the 3 money borrowers have to pay back on a loan, ” she explained. “Compound interest means that the interest payments get bigger and bigger the 4 you take to pay ba
27、ck the loan. To repay the loan, you will need to give me $11 after one month. If you wait two months to pay me back, your 5 will grow from $10 to $11. So Ill be charging you interest on $11. Then I will add that interest to the $11 you already owe me, for a 6 of $12. 10. Thats what youll owe after t
28、wo months. ”“Sure. I get it. ” I said. Though truthfully, I was getting 7. Kathleen lent me the money, and I bought the toy. My birthday came a month later, and my mom gave me $10. 8, that was just the amount I needed to buy another toy I wanted desperately. I put off paying my sister for a month. A
29、fter another month, I 9 about the loan. Several months later, on Christmas morning, my sister and I each found a $20 bill in our stockings. I was just putting it into my pocket 10 Kathleen tapped me on the shoulder. “Sorry kiddo. Thats mine. Im collecting on your debt. ”“Huh?” Then I remembered the
30、loan. “Hey! How can it be that much? I 11 borrowed $10. ”“True, ” she said, “but interest has been compounding for eight months. Now you 12 me $21. 43. ”I refused to believe that a $10 loan could more than double so quickly. Much to my 13, my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly ho
31、w it all added up. My head 14 as I tried to keep track of Kathleens calculations, but this time, I got the basic idea of compound interest. I 15 the hard way that borrowing money can be “double trouble” in no time. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者八岁时一次借钱的经历。经过这次经历, 作者明白了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。1. A. blamingB. beggi
32、ngC. searchingD. preparing【解析】选B。作者需要钱, 去恳求姐姐借钱。 blame责备; beg恳求; search搜索, 搜寻; prepare准备。故选B项。2. A. monthB. yearC. weekD. day【解析】选A。由第三段中的“To repay the loan, you will need to give me $11 after one month”可知, 姐姐答应借给“我”钱, 但是要“我”每个月付10%的利息。故选A项。3. A. littleB. sameC. enoughD. extra【解析】选D。利息是借钱人在归还贷款时额外付的
33、钱。little不多的, 小的; same同样的; enough足够的; extra额外的。故选D项。4. A. shorterB. longerC. moreD. less【解析】选B。归还贷款需要的时间越长, 所需支付的利息就越多。 shorter更短的; longer更长的; more更多的; less更少的。故选B项。5. A. cashB. savingC. noteD. debt【解析】选D。姐姐告诉我: “如果你等两个月才归还我的钱, 那么, 你的债务将从10美元增加到11美元。”cash现金; saving积蓄; note钞票; debt债务。故选D项。6. A. totalB
34、. costC. numberD. bill【解析】选A。如果作者两个月才归还姐姐的钱的话, 那么, 利滚利, 最终作者要归还的总数为12. 10美元。 total总数; cost花费, 成本; number数目; bill账单。故选A项。7. A. encouragedB. shockedC. confusedD. satisfied【解析】选C。根据Though可知, 我告诉姐姐我明白了。但是, 说实话, 我很困惑。encouraged受到鼓励的; shocked震惊的; confused困惑的; satisfied满意的。故选C项。8. A. GraduallyB. ObviouslyC
35、. UnfortunatelyD. Hopefully【解析】选C。我生日那天, 妈妈给了我10美元, 不幸的是, 那笔钱恰恰就是我买另一个玩具所需要的钱。gradually逐渐地;obviously明显地; unfortunately不幸地;hopefully充满希望地。故选C项。9. A. forgotB. knewC. talkedD. cared【解析】选A。由下文中“Huh?Then I remembered the loan”可知, 又过了一个月, 作者忘记了自己借的钱, 到了圣诞节经姐姐提醒才想起来。 forget忘记; know认识, 知道; talk交谈; care在意。故选
36、A项。10. A. afterB. untilC. whileD. when【解析】选D。作者正要把20美元放到自己的口袋里, 这时候姐姐拍了拍他的肩膀。be doing. . . when. . . 意为“正要做某事这时突然”。故选D项。11. A. normallyB. nearlyC. onlyD. really【解析】选C。作者经过姐姐的提醒, 记起了自己的债务。但是他认为自己没借那么多钱, 他只借了10美元。normally正常地; nearly几乎; only仅仅; really的确, 确实。故选C项。12. A. oweB. offerC. takeD. give【解析】选A。姐
37、姐告诉作者, 过了八个月, 作者欠她21. 43美元。 owe欠; offer(主动)提供; take带走; give给。故选A项。13. A. reliefB. delightC. annoyanceD. regret【解析】选C。令作者感到生气的是, 姐姐拿来铅笔和便笺簿, 向作者展示这个钱数是怎么来的。 relief缓解; delight高兴; annoyance恼怒; regret后悔, 遗憾。故选C项。14. A. turnedB. noddedC. stuckD. hurt【解析】选D。当作者努力地想弄清楚姐姐的计算时, 作者很头疼。 turn转动; nod点头; stick粘贴,
38、 粘; hurt疼痛。故选D项。15. A. exploredB. learnedC. explainedD. questioned【解析】选B。作者通过这次经历学会了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。 explore探索; learn学会; explain解释; question询问, 质疑。故选B项。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. compound adj. 复合的2. repay vt. 归还;赔偿3. truthfully adv. 诚实地4. keep track of 跟踪. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1863 the first
39、underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1. _(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2. _ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging
40、 up the road, 3. _ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4. _ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines 5. _ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6. _(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the rai
41、lway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using 7. _ every day. Later, engineers 8. _ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9. _(introduce) of el
42、ectric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10. _(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了最早的地铁以及地铁早期的发展。1. 【解析】crowds。考查名词的单复数。根据空前面的形容
43、词terrible可知此处填名词, crowd表示“人群”, 是可数名词, 前面没有不定冠词a, 所以用复数形式。2. 【解析】from。考查介词。to and from往返, 来回, 来来往往。to and from work上下班。3. 【解析】laying。考查非谓语动词。laying和句中的digging up, building并列。4. 【解析】the。考查冠词。top是名词, 前面要用冠词, 此处特指在挖的路的上面, 所以用定冠词the。5. 【解析】were used。考查时态和语态。此处讲的是过去的事情, 主语Steam engines和use之间是被动关系, 所以用一般过去
44、时的被动语态。6. 【解析】fairly。考查词性转化。此处需要用副词来修饰形容词unpleasant。7. 【解析】it。考查代词。用it指代前句中的railway。8. 【解析】managed。考查时态。此处讲的是过去的事情, 所以用一般过去时, 主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系, 故填managed。9. 【解析】introduction。考查词性转化。根据空前面的with和定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。with the introduction of表示“随着的引进”。10. 【解析】successful。考查词性转化。句意: 伦敦中央地铁是这些新地铁线中最成功的线路之一。根据句意以及空格前的the most可知, 此处是the most+多音节形容词构成最高级, 故填successful。
