1、Period 4: Grammar学习目标：1. 掌握单元语法2. 利用例句归纳出语法规则3. 感受旅行的快乐学习重点：掌握单元语法学习难点：利用例句归纳出语法规则课前预习使用说明与学法指导：1. 利用例句归纳出语法规则2. 15分钟之内完成教材助读：话题提分句型1. Last Sunday, I was shopping with my friend when I heard someone shouting and saw some people rushing to the gate of the supermarket.上个星期天，我和我的朋友正在购物，这时我听到有人大喊，并且看到一些
2、人向超市的大门冲去。2. My teachers encourage us to take part in some social practice in our summer holidays, which they think can help get ourselves fully developed.我的老师鼓励我们暑假期间参加一些社会实践活动，他们认为这有助于我们得到全面发展。预习自测：观察讨论-ed形式作定语的意义及在句中的位置。1. We ate great meals cooked by experts!_2. We saw abandoned farms which were
3、 more than a hundred years ago._3. Trained camels carried food and other supplies._我的疑问：_课内探究质疑探究：过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。 1、前置定语单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。A类:被动意义:an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。B类:完成意义:a retire
4、d teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。2、后置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party las
5、t night?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?过去分词作表语作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如:You seem frightened.你看样子受了惊吓。少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。如:They are gone for vacation.他们度假去了。注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和 “系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。如:A. The library is now closed.图书馆现在关门了。B.
6、 The library is closed at six.图书馆经常在六点钟关门。说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态。一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的事，存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。 Eg. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. He worked in a factory in 1986.
7、注意与过去进行的区别 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或过去某一段内正在进行的动作，句中常有过去的点或动作陪衬。 Eg. In 1980 he was studying in a university. He was reading a novel when I came in . 注意与现在完成时的区别。现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响，一般过去时表示过去发生的动作但对现在不产生影响。 eg. He cleaned the blackboard, just now. He has cleaned the blackboard. 现在完成时还表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许
8、还会持续下去。常用for 和since 表示一段时间的状语或so far, today, this week 等包括现在时间在内的状语。 eg. He has studied English for 5 years. He studied English for 4 years when he was at college.当堂检测：用所给词的适当形式填空(1)The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. (blow down)(2)Can those at the back of the classroom hear me？(sea
9、t)(3)It is one of the funniest things on the Internet so far this year. (find)(4)I was out of town at the time，so I dont know exactly how it .(happen)课后反思：_课后训练单项填空1Lady Gaga has put off her concert because of the difficulties_by the ongoing strikes.(2013北京东城期末)Acausing Bto causeCto be caused Dcause
10、d2Thanks to the measures_by the local government, the polluted river is becoming clearer and clearer and fish have begun to show up in it. Ataking Btaken Cto take Dhaving taken3It was reported that 115 miners_in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled out alive at last.(2013海淀模拟)Atrapped Bbeing trappedCwere trapped Dhad trapped4Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?Yes, but she_soon afterwards.Ahad left BleftCwill leave Dwould leave5Tom_a letter to his parents last night, asking what had happened.Awrote Bhas wroteCwas writing Dwill write
