1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions -Grammar:动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作宾语补足语一、动词-ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很近，渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：spoken English (英语口语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作
2、, 而不表示“被动”的意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。1. The tall man is a returned student高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语 单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were exci
3、ted) Lost time can never be found again 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。 (=time which is lost) (2)后置定语 少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。 Everything used should be marked 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 Is there an
4、ything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight)3. We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work. 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。注意: 这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。1）Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A.invited B. to invite
5、 C.being invited D. had been invited 2）The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written3) The Olympic games, _ in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B
6、. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods _ through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全国春) A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. (2003 北京春) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bore
7、d C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring二、动词-ed形式作表语 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea 听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。 常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(
8、关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的)；delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)；tired(疲劳的)；pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的)；married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等等 作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。 I was very pleased at the news听了这消息我很高兴。1）Cleaning
9、women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (2004 上海)
10、 A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。She found the door broken in when she came back 她回来时发现有人破门而入。My grandfather had his old house rebuilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时, 强调动作完成后的状态.They fo
11、und all the guests gone when they woke up.当他们醒来时, 发现所有的客人都走了。1. I must get my bike repaired我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语)2. The girl was found beaten black and blue人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补足语) (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。We thought the game l
12、ost我们认为球赛输了。1) Good morning. Can I help you? Id like to have this package _, madam. (MET89) A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed2) The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. (NMET94) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (NMET2000) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. (上海1999) A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired.w。w-w*k&s%5￥u高考资源网w。w-w*k&s%5￥u
