1、专题四语法填空说明文专练题组一Passage 1(2019山东实验中学模拟)People use the word “friend ” in a 1 (various) of ways. A friend can mean anything from an acquaintance(泛泛之交) to someone youve known. Whoever they are, friends are an important part of life at every stage. For some people, making friends is easy. For others, it
2、can be 2struggle. Its easy for people who know how to connect with others. But you dont need to be clever or 3 (charm) to make friends. People who make friends easily know how to be4(them). Theres an old saying, “A friend is someone who knows you welland 5(like) you anyway.”There are three simple th
3、ings you can do to make friends. First, you have to like yourself. Make a list of your6(strong), talents and achievements. That way, when you meet people, youll know7you have to share. Next, learn how to listen. To succeed in friendships, you need to show an interest 8others. Ask questions about oth
4、er people. Finally, its a good idea 9 (join)a club or take a class. That way, you can meet people who have similar interests. Good friends 10(usual) like the same things.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了交朋友的三个简单步骤。1.variety考查固定搭配。句意:人们以各种各样的方式使用“朋友”这个词。根据句意可知,此处考查固定搭配 a variety of,意
5、为“各种各样的”。2.a考查冠词。句意:对其他人来说,它可能是一件难事。此处struggle为可数名词,表示“难事”,且struggle的发音以辅音音素开头,所以用冠词a。3.charming考查词性转换。根据空前的clever or并结合句意可知,此处应用形容词。4.themselves考查反身代词。句意:很容易交朋友的人明白如何做自己。根据句意和主语 People可知,此处应用 themselves。5.likes考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对一般情况的描述,应用一般现在时,且此处和 knows在从句中作并列谓语,故填likes。6.strengths考查名词。根据后面的talents和ac
6、hievements并结合句意可知,此处应用名词形式,且 strength作“优点”讲时为可数名词,所以用strengths。7.what考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语,故用what引导该宾语从句。8.in考查介词。此处表示你需要对他人表现出兴趣。 show an interest in.意为“对表现出兴趣”,为固定用法。9.to join考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此处是it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语,故填 to join。10.usually考查副词。句意:好朋友通常喜欢相同的东西。空格处修饰空后的动词like,故用副词 usually。P
7、assage 2(2019安徽安庆二模)The New Year is a family reunion to Chinese. However, in foreigners eyes, it is not only a kind of homesickness, but a spring migration(迁徙). Every year1(see) the largest annual mass migration on the planet2 one sixth of the worlds population travel home to celebrate 3 their famil
8、y. That is around a billion people4 (make) 3.5 billion journeys in a 40-day period. Meanwhile, over 250 million rail journeys are made across China during the festival. Last year, 5.6 million rail tickets 5 (sell) in a single day. Every new year in the heartland of industrial China thousands upon th
9、ousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road, determined to make 6 home.The Chinese New Year7 (celebrate) is also known as the Spring Festival. It lasts 15 days. It is the main holiday of the Chinese calendar. In modern China, 8 (search) for work, many people have to move away from ho
10、me. And they will travel home to be with the loved ones during the Spring Festival. In the Chinese New Year, modern and 9 (tradition) customs are brought together when the Chinese celebrate the Spring Festival. Nowadays, not only does China have the 10 (fast) growing modern cities in the world, but
11、the landscapes are also truly diverse.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文为说明文。介绍了中国新年的相关情况。1.sees当世界上六分之一的人口长途旅行回家去和他们的家人庆祝的时候,每一年都会见证地球上最大规模的年度迁徙。see是该句的谓语动词,用一般现在时,主语是Every year,属于第三人称单数,所以填sees,意为“见证”。2.when/as这里需填一个状语从句的引导词,根据句意填when/as,表示“当时”。3.with此处需填介词,根据句意填with,表示“和一起”。4.making此处填非谓语动词。m
12、aking是现在分词作后置定语,修饰people,两者为主动关系。5.were sold句意:去年,五百六十万火车票在一天中被售完。此处应填谓语动词。根据时间状语Last year可知,应用一般过去时,火车票是被卖的,所以要用被动语态。6.itmake it做到;成功。7.celebration此处应填名词作句子的主语。8.to search句意:在现代中国,为了找工作,很多人不得不离开家。此处应填动词不定式,表目的。9.traditional句意:在中国新年,当中国人庆祝春节之际,现代的和传统的风俗被带到了一起。此空应填形容词,与前面的modern并列修饰名词customs。10.faste
13、st此处应填形容词最高级。因为有in the world,表明范围是三者以上,所以用最高级。Passage 3(2019山东济南4月二模)Paper-cutting was recognized as a national cultural heritage(遗产)in 2006.According to experts,paper-cutting conveys the culture shared between China 1 the West to wish for family reunions and maintain links with loved ones,alive or
14、dead.In the movie Coco,for instance,the 12-year-old Miguel and his family dance and sing to celebrate the Day of the Dead,a 2 (tradition)festival in Mexico,when colorful paper-cuts are hung on the street. Chinese people also cut images of small figures 3 (call) back the spirits of the dead. The diff
15、erence is that most Chinese paper-cuts are red,while those in other countries 4 (be)often made in many other colors.Fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut5 (character),such as princesses and angels,out of paper while 6 (tell)stories to children. In China,female friends and family mem
16、bers used to chat and make paper-cuts together.“7the patterns and colors may be different,paper-cuts share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people,”says Yang Huizi, 8 art teacher at Beijing Union University.Yang9 (study)and performed the art for over a decade.Besides routine uni
17、versity courses,she also organizes non-profit paper-cutting activities 10are open to the public in Beijing to promote basic knowledge of paper-cutting.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文属于说明文。中西方都有剪纸艺术,虽然样式和颜色不一样,但是所承载的情感纽带的功能是一样的。剪纸作为一项中国文化遗产,有很多人一直在推广剪纸艺术。1.and考查固定搭配。此处为between.and.结构,故填and。2.t
18、raditional考查形容词。设空处修饰名词festival,需用形容词,故填traditional。3.to call考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用不定式作目的状语,故填to call。4.are考查主谓一致。主语为those,故谓语动词用复数形式are。5.characters考查名词的数。根据后文的such as princesses and angels可知要用复数形式characters。6.telling考查非谓语动词。tell与其逻辑主语Andersen之间为主动关系,故填telling。7.Though/While/Although考查状语从句。根据语境可知,设空
19、处引导让步状语从句,故用引导词Though/While/Although。8.an考查不定冠词。分析句子结构可知,art teacher作Yang Huizi的同位语,此处表泛指且art的发音以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。9.has studied考查时态。由时间状语for over a decade可知,应用现在完成时,故填has studied。10.that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词activities,从句中缺主语,故用关系代词that或者which。Passage 4(2019河北石家庄一模)Calligraphy, the art
20、 of writing, was the visual art form prized above all others in traditional China. Painting was contemporary with calligraphy, sharing 1same tools, namely “brushes and ink”. Yet calligraphy was regarded 2 a fine art long before painting.The status of calligraphy reflects the importance of the word i
21、n China. 3 makes the written word distinctive is its visual form. However, despite its abstract 4(appear), calligraphy is not an abstract form. Chinese characters are dynamic, closely connected with the forces of nature and the kinesthetic (运动) energies of the human body.How can a simple character c
22、onvey all this? The use of brushes and ink5(have) much to do with it. A calligrapher can control the6(thick) of the ink by varying both the amount of water and the solid ink. Once he starts writing, by loading the brush sometimes with7(much)ink or sometimes with less, he creates characters that rese
23、mble a shower of rocks here and a drop of dew(露珠) there.The Chinese written language8 (begin) to develop more than 3,000 years ago and9 (eventual) evolved into five basic script types. Over the centuries, calligraphers were free to write in any of them,10 (depend) on the texts function. The calligra
24、phic tradition remains alive today.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,介绍了中国的传统艺术书法及书法的艺术特点。1.the考查冠词。句意:绘画与书法是同时代的,它们共享同样的工具,即毛笔和墨水。该处特指“同样的工具”,same前常用the。2.as考查介词。be regarded as为固定搭配,意为“被视为”。3.What考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知,设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,故用What引导该主语从句。4.appearance考查名词。句意:然而,尽管其外观抽象,书法并不是一种抽象的形式。根据句
25、意以及空前的形容词abstract可知,设空处应用名词形式。5.has考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:笔墨的使用与此有很大关系。此处描述的客观情况,应用一般现在时,该句主语为The use,为第三人称单数,故谓语动词用has。6.thickness考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知,空处应用名词形式,故填thickness“厚度”。7.more考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级less,并结合语境可知,该处表示“运用更多或者更少的墨水”,故用比较级more。8.began考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“more than 3,000 years ago”并结合句意可知,该处陈述的
26、是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。9.eventually考查副词。设空处修饰动词短语evolved into,故用副词形式。10.depending考查非谓语动词。句意:几个世纪以来,书法家可以根据文本的功能自由地使用任何一种类型。此处表示主动,应用现在分词形式,depend on“取决于”为固定用法。题组二Passage 1(2019河南安阳二模)Iceland is a land of volcanoes. Nowhere is1(evident) than on the Westman Islands off the southern coast of Iceland. Here, 2
27、(century) of volcanic eruptions formed many eye-catching sea cliffs (悬崖), among 3 one stands out: A part of the volcano-formed coast on Heimaey looks exactly like the head of a large elephant 4(stick)its trunk in the water.In fact, it looks so much like an elephant that many people think it must hav
28、e been shaped by humans. That is not 5 case, however. The elephants realistic 6(appear)is, at least partially, due to the fact that the cliff 7(consist)of a special rock. The rock gives the figure “skin” that looks wrinkled and gray, just like that of a real elephant.The most common theory is that t
29、he rock formation came from the Eldfell Volcano, which 8(erupt)many times since the 1940s.In spite of the strong resemblance to an elephant, some people9(actual)see something different when they look at the rock formation. They see the fictional character Cthulhu, a sea beast.Whether you see an elep
30、hant10 a fictional beast, as one of many attractions on Heimaey, the rock does draw curious sightseers.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文是说明文,介绍了冰岛南部海岸的韦斯特曼群岛上的一处由火山喷发后形成的形状、外观类似大象的美丽景观。1.more evident考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than判断,此处应用比较级。evident的比较级为more evident。2.centuries考查名词复数。century是可数名词,前面没有修饰语,故用复数
31、形式。3.which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是cliffs,指物,所以介词后接which引导定语从句。4.sticking考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知此处是非谓语动词作定语,被修饰词elephant和动词stick之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式。5.the考查冠词。the case实情,事实。That is not the case.事实并非如此。6.appearance考查词性转换。形容词realistic后面需加名词,而且主句谓语动词是is,所以用名词单数形式。7.consists考查主谓一致。that the cliff.rock是同位语从句
32、,从句中the cliff是第三人称单数作主语,所以填consists。8.has erupted考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据since the 1940s可知此处应用现在完成时,which指代the Eldfell Volcano,所以答案为has erupted。9.actually考查词性转换。修饰动词see应用副词形式。10.or考查连词。句意:不管你看到的是大象还是虚构的野兽,作为赫马岛上众多景点之一,这块岩石确实吸引了好奇的观光客。whether.or.不管是还是。Passage 2(2019山东青岛二模)Many high school students in the Unite
33、d States get training in construction skills by building real houses. The project 1(run) by the Waterloo Career Center. The center offers students different programs designed 2 (prepare) them for careers in technical fields.Students from the Waterloo Community School District 3 (recent) took part in
34、 construction training that centered on the skill of masonry (石造建筑)work done with stone, brick or concrete materials. The students spent five days at their school learning 4experienced workers from the Masonry Institute of Iowa, a 5 (profession) organization. The workers taught the students 6 to mix
35、 mortar (灰浆) and build walls with bricks and blocks. The students moved the mortar onto 7 (piece) of wood and then added bricks and blocks to form walls.Chris Busch helped oversee the students efforts. As the students worked, Busch 8 (offer) them an important piece of advice. He told the students to
36、 be sure to use a leveling tool to check that the wall stands straight and level. West High student Nathan Elliott told the Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier that this kind of learning was much better 9 sitting at a computer. Other students also said it got them 10(excite) about future careers in constru
37、ction.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,讲述了许多美国中学生学习建筑技能的情况。1.is run考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文的联系应该用一般现在时,根据句意这个项目要被运行,所以用被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用单数。2.to prepare考查非谓语动词。动词不定式在句中作目的状语。3.recently考查副词。recently最近,近来,修饰动词短语took part in。4.from考查介词。learn from向学习。此处指学生们在学校花费了五天的时间向有经验的工人学习。5.professional考查形容词。提
38、示词profession是名词,此处需要形容词作定语,修饰organization。6.how工人们教学生们怎样混合灰浆和用砖与石块建墙,此处表示方式,因此填how。7.pieces考查名词复数。学生们把灰浆放到一块块的木头上然后加上砖和石块来建墙。8.offered考查动词的时态。句意:当学生工作的时候,Busch提供给他们一条重要的建议。根据上下文用一般过去时。9.than这种学习比坐在电脑前要好得多,比较级与than连用。10.excited句意:其他学生们也说这使他们对未来建筑业感到很兴奋。Passage 3(2019辽宁抚顺一模)Being overweight can cause
39、depression even when no other health problems exist, according to a study released Tuesday by the University of Exeter.A team 1 (lead) by researchers from the University of Exeter analyzed the UK Biobank data from more 2 48,000 people with depression and 3 (compare) them to another group of more tha
40、n 290,000 people.While 4 has long been known that depression is more common in obese people, the team concluded 5 higher body mass index(体重指数) can cause depression in itself, even in the absence6other health problems.Our genetic analysis concludes that the psychological impact of being obese is like
41、ly 7(cause) depression. This is important to help reduce depression, 8 makes it much harder for people to adopt 9 (health) lifestyle habits, said Dr Jess Tyrrell. The team tested their results on many people and they reached 10 same conclusion, verifying their results.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答
42、案语篇解读本文为说明文。研究表明肥胖可能引起抑郁,这一发现有利于人们对抑郁的治疗。1.led考查非谓语动词。此处意为“由研究员们所带领的团队”,过去分词作后置定语修饰前面的名词。2.than考查固定结构。more than 超过,多于。pared考查动词时态。空前是and,此处与谓语动词analyzed为并列关系,故该谓语动词用一般过去时态,表示过去发生的动作。4.it考查it的用法。It has long been known that.“人们很早就知道”,为常用句型,it作形式主语,that 引导的主语从句是真正的主语。5.that考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知concluded后为宾语从
43、句,从句结构完整,故由that引导从句。此处意为“这个团队推断出较高的体重指数本身可能会导致抑郁”。6.of考查介词。in the absence of 是固定结构,意为“在没有/缺少的情况下”,故填介词of。7.to cause考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth.有可能做某事。8.which考查定语从句。先行词为depression,设空处在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。9.healthy考查形容词。空后是lifestyle habits,为名词短语,需要形容词修饰,故填healthy。10.the考查冠词。空后是same, 此词要搭配定冠词the,t
44、he same意为“相同的”,为固定结构。Passage 4(2019湖南湘赣十四校高三第一次联考)According to a survey in May, about 9.8 percent of the 93, 420 graduates said they wouldnt begin working right after1(graduate). This phenomenon is called “delayed employment”.In fact, the number of students2have decided not to start their careers wi
45、thin six months has been increasing3(steady) since 2011. One reason is 4 young people want to find a job 5 (relate)to their personal interests, and they are not willing to give in or take jobs they dont like. Another reason that some have determined to delay6(find) work is to avoid the fierce compet
46、ition of the job market. Recently, some Chinese college students7(choose) to travel or volunteer instead of getting jobs. For example, Chen Nuan, 23, who will graduate8the Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts this summer, has planned9(tour)Europe. As the old Chinese Saying goes, “Traveling thousands of
47、 miles is 10 (good) than reading thousands of books.”1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文为说明文。根据5月份的一项调查,93,420名毕业生中约9.8%的人表示他们不会在毕业后立即开始工作。1.graduation考查名词。句意:根据5月份的一项调查,93,420名毕业生中约9.8%的人表示,他们不会在毕业后立即开始工作。根据句意,本空需要填graduate的名词形式,故填graduation。2.who/that考查定语从句。句意:事实上,自2011年以来,决定在6个月内不开始职业生涯的学生人数一直在
48、稳步增长。此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词students,在从句中作主语,指人,故用关系代词who或that。3.steadily考查副词。此处需用副词修饰谓语动词,故填steadily。4.that考查名词性从句。句意:一个原因是,年轻人想找一份与他们个人兴趣相关的工作,他们不愿意屈就也不愿意接受他们不喜欢的工作。本句为表语从句,且从句中不缺少成分,故用连接词that。5.related考查非谓语动词。此处作job的后置定语,故用related。6.finding考查非谓语动词。句意:另一个一些人决定推迟找工作的原因是为了避免就业市场的激烈竞争。delay doing sth.推迟做某事,后跟
49、动名词,故用finding。7.have chosen/are choosing考查动词时态。句意:最近,一些中国大学生选择旅游或做志愿者而不是找工作。根据上文的Recently可知,本句应用现在完成时,填have chosen;或者描述近期一段时间一直持续发生的动作,用现在进行时,主语为复数,故用are choosing。8.from考查介词。句意:例如,今年夏天将从上海视觉艺术学院毕业的23岁的陈暖就计划去欧洲旅行。graduate from毕业于。9.to tour考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.计划做某事,故填to tour。10.better考查形容词比较级。读万卷书不
50、如行万里路。根据下文的than可知此处为比较级,故填better。题组三Passage 1(2018四川乐山高三二调)People have long believed that the smartphones in our pockets are1(actual)making us less intelligent;and now there is evidence for it. The lasting presence of a mobile phone reduces peoples intelligence and attention,2study has found.Researc
51、hers at the University of Texas discovered that people are worse at doing tasks and remembering3(inform)if they have a smartphone4sight. In their experiments they found phones5(sit)on a desk or even in a pocket or a handbag would distract(使分心)users and lead to worse test6(score). The effect was noti
52、ceable even7the phones were turned off, and was worse for those who were more dependent on their mobiles. They tested 520 university students on their memory and intelligence in the presence of a smartphone to see how8affected them.The study also found response speeds to be affected, with students w
53、ho had their phone on the desk9(respond)more slowly in high-pace tests. It even found that phones could distract users even when they10(turn)off and placed face down. Those with phones outside the room outperformed those with phones turned off.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文主要介绍了一项研究结果:智能手机会降低
54、人们的智力和注意力。1.actually考查副词。设空处在句中修饰动词,故用副词actually。2.a考查冠词。此处泛指“一项研究”,故使用不定冠词a。3.information考查名词。设空处在句中作remembering的宾语,应使用动词inform的名词形式information。4.in/within考查固定短语。此处表示“如果有一部智能手机在他们的视线中”,in/within sight看得见,故填in/within。5.sitting考查非谓语动词。sit与其逻辑主语phones之间构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。6.scores考查名词的数。此处表示“并且导致更差的测试分数”
55、,表示复数意义,故填scores。7.when/while考查连词。即使当手机关机的时候,影响也是显而易见的。设空处引导时间状语从句,表示“当时”,故填when/while。8.it考查代词。此处用it指代前面提到的a smartphone,故用代词it。9.responding考查with的复合结构。students与respond之间是主动关系,故用现在分词responding作宾语补足语。10.were turned考查动词的时态和语态。“它们”和“关掉”之间是被动关系,结合本段使用的时态,可确定答案为were turned。Passage 2(2019山师大附中模拟)China rem
56、ains the driving force for the1(globe) tourism industry, because the number of outbound (出境的) Chinese tourists and their spending power continues to rise, recent data showed.Changes in the demographic(客户群) and spending habits of Chinese2(visitor) could benefit developing countries in Southeast Asia
57、as well as3along the Belt and Road routes, experts pointed out on Tuesday.In the first half of 2017, total outbound trips from the Chinese mainland4(reach) 62.03 million, up 5 percent year on year, according to the data5(release) by China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) in August.6the rate of
58、 expansion slowed from about 10 percent in recent years, it was still enough to help the global tourism sector achieve strong7(grow).According to the UN World Tourism Organization, in the first half of 2017,8number of global tourists reached 598 million, which increased by 6 percent on a year-on-yea
59、r9(basic).Chinese travelers10(account) for about 10.4 percent of the total, according to the organization.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读中国出境游客数量以及境外消费能力持续增长,这极大地拉动了世界旅游业的发展。1.global设空处作定语,修饰“旅游业”,故用形容词。global全球的;全世界的。2.visitors此处意为“中国游客的消费习惯”,根据语境可知visitor用复数形式。3.those此处指“一带一路沿线的那些国家”,前面提到了“东南亚
60、的发展中国家”,故用those。4.reached根据时间状语In the first half of 2017可知,谓语动词用一般过去时态。5.released设空处作后置定语,修饰data,data与release之间为被动关系,且此处表示完成,故用过去分词作后置定语。6.Although/Though/While虽然近些年增长速度有所放缓,但是它仍然足以帮助世界旅游业实现强劲增长。根据语境可知此处引导让步状语从句,although,though和while均可引导让步状语从句。7.growth设空处作achieve的宾语,故填名词。growth增加;增长。8.thethe number
61、of.意为“的数量”,此处意为“全球游客的数量达到了5.98亿”。9.basison a.basis为固定短语,故填basis。basis基础;根据。10.accounted中国游客大约占全球游客总数的10.4%。结合语境可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,故谓语动词用过去式。Passage 3(2018江西高三毕业班新课程教学质检)A lot of people in our country take a nap after lunch;so do my classmates.1 (recent) I have conducted a survey on 2 (take) a nap after
62、lunch among my classmates. Most of them are in the habit of sleeping for 3while at noon as they believe it does good to them. The majority prefer 4do so around 12:30 and the nap usually lasts for about 30 minutes. They often 5 (choice) to sleep at home instead of in their classroom 6dormitory.Hopefu
63、lly, the result of my survey can draw our parents and schools attention. Since most students are in need of a nap, proper7 (arrange) should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole 8 (morning) hard work. Students should not be 9 (ask) to do extra work during this period of time. A
64、fter all, having a nap after lunch, one can feel 10 (refresh) and energetic enough to study more efficiently in the afternoon.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读作者在同班同学之间做了一个关于午后小睡的调查。文章介绍了调查结果。1.Recently考查副词。此处作时间状语,故要填副词Recently。2.taking考查非谓语动词。此处作介词on的宾语,故填动名词形式。3.a考查冠词。for a while一会儿。4.to考查固定搭配。
65、prefer to do sth.宁愿做某事。5.choose考查动词的时态。该句主语为They,该空作谓语,且该句陈述的是客观事实,故该空要用一般现在时态。6.or考查连词。句意:他们经常选择在家里而不是在教室或宿舍里睡觉。7.arrangements考查名词。此处在句中作主语,故填名词。make arrangements/make an arrangement做安排。8.mornings考查名词所有格。经过了一上午的努力学习之后,同学们可以好好地休息。该空修饰名词hard work,故应用名词所有格形式。9.asked考查动词的语态。句意:在这段时间,学生们不应该被要求做额外的作业。主语S
66、tudents和ask之间构成被动关系,故该句应用被动语态。10.refreshed考查形容词。该空和energetic并列,作系动词feel的表语,故该空填形容词refreshed,意为“精神抖擞的,恢复精力的”。Passage 4(2018福建厦门一次质检)“Do the difficult things while they are easy and do the great things while they are small.” “Nothing is softer and1(flexible)than water, yet nothing can resist it.”These
67、 are the food for thought2(serve)to Tube passengers at Oval station in south London. Its been 14 years since customer services manager Anthony Gentles3(inspire)to brighten up the “blank faces” of travelers with daily4(wise)from his favorite book, Tao Te Ching. Every day he wrote one quote on the boa
68、rd5(him). Mr. Gentles said offering quotes from ancient China was his way of6(try)to make people feel more welcome as they braved the Underground.Thousands of quotes later, Mr. Gentles favorite message remains the first one he wrote:“A journey of a thousand miles begins7a single step.” “Because its8
69、(fundamental)true,” he said. “No matter9you live your life, regardless of your situation, you have to take the first step.”Since 2007,the baton(接力棒)has been taken on by his colleague Glen Sutherland, 10quotes on the station information board have set off a wave of enthusiasm to copy the practice acr
70、oss the capital.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读英国伦敦南部的欧维尔地铁站站口的信息板上写着名言,欧维尔地铁站已经坚持这个传统14年了。1.more flexible句意:天下莫柔弱于水,而攻坚强者莫之能胜,以其无以易之。根据设空处后的than及设空处前的softer可推知设空处填形容词flexible的比较级形式,flexible为多音节词,故填more flexible。2.served这些是为在伦敦南部欧维尔地铁站的乘客准备的心灵鸡汤。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词“the food for thought”与serve为逻辑上的
71、被动关系,故填过去分词served。3.was inspired句意:14年来,客服部经理安东尼詹托斯每日从自己最爱的道德经中分享一句智慧语录,让来往的旅客们面无表情的脸上有了精神。本题考查时态和语态。“It is/has been+一段时间+since从句”中,since从句的谓语动词要用一般过去时;设空处前的主语customer services manager Anthony Gentles与inspire为被动关系,故设空处需填被动语态形式。综上所述设空处填was inspired。4.wisdom设空处作介词with的宾语,意为“智慧(语录)”,故填名词wisdom。5.himsel
72、f句意:每天他会亲自在白板上写一条名言。设空处表示“亲自”,作状语,故填him的反身代词himself。6.trying句意:詹托斯先生说提供古代中国的名言给勇敢走进地铁的人,他用这种方式让人们感到更加愉快。设空处作介词of的宾语,提示词为动词原形,由此可推知设空处须用动名词作of的宾语,故填trying。7.with句意:摘抄了几千条名言之后,詹托斯先生最喜欢的名言仍然是他写下的第一条,即:千里之行,始于足下。本题考查动词短语。begin with意为“以开始”。8.fundamentally句意:他说:“因为这句话完全正确。”设空处作状语,故填副词fundamentally。9.how无论
73、你如何生活,无论你的现状如何,你都得迈出第一步。no matter how引导让步状语从句,意为“无论如何”。10.whose句意:自2007年,该接力棒被传给了他的同事格伦萨瑟兰德,他在车站信息板上的名言激起了所有首都市民竞相模仿的热情。设空处前为完整的句子且没有并列连词或从属连词连接,由此可推出设空处引导定语从句。先行词为Glen Sutherland,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Glen Sutherlands quotes on the station information board have set off a wave of enthusiasm to copy the prac
74、tice across the capital.,由此可知先行词在定语从句中作定语,先行词指人,故填whose。记叙文/议论文专练题组一Passage 1(2019山东潍坊模拟)A Shanghai policeman took on the role of son to help comfort an elderly couple,1 had lost their own son in a deadly accident.In 2003, Liang Qiaoying and her son 2 (expose) to poison gas during an accident. The w
75、oman survived, but her young son was 3(lucky). And Liang was left mentally disabled. Her husband, Xia Zhanhai, couldnt bear to tell her the 4(true) about their son. Instead, whenever his wife asked to see the son, he kept 5 (say) that their son had gone to work in another city.In 2010, while watchin
76、g a television show, Xia Zhanhai was amazed to see an officer that looked 6 (exact) like his son. He immediately knew that the young man was the answer to making his wife smile again.With7 help of the television station and the police station, the couple were able to meet the very policeman on a TV
77、show.The young policeman was touched by8 (they) loss and sadness, and said that he was more than willing 9(act) as the son. Although he still hesitated to call another woman “Mum”, his mother was happy to support his action.Their “reunion” lasted just a few minutes on the show, but it had a lasting
78、influence 10the sick “mother”.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。文章讲述了上海一名警察扮演了儿子的角色,帮助安慰一对老夫妇的故事。1.who考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为couple,指人,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填who。2.were exposed考查动词的时态和语态。描述的是过去的事,所以此处用一般过去时,且此处表示“被暴露于”,故填were exposed。3.unlucky考查形容词。根据语境,这位妇女活了下来,但是她幼小的儿子却不幸运,可知此处表示转折,故填unlucky。4.truth考查名词。
79、根据tell的常用短语tell sb. sth.及空前的the可知此处应填名词truth。5.saying考查非谓语动词。此处应填saying作kept的宾语,keep doing.保持做。6.exactly考查副词。此处需用副词修饰动词,故填exactly。7.the考查冠词。根据help后的of短语可知此处表特指,故填the。8.their考查形容词性物主代词。根据空后的名词loss和sadness可知填形容词性物主代词。9.to act考查非谓语动词。be willing to do sth.乐意做某事,故填to act。10.on/upon考查介词。have an influence
80、on/upon对有影响,为固定搭配,故填on/upon。Passage 2(2019湖北八校第二次联考)For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among1 was
81、Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. Its a mark of gratitude for his volunteer work. “It is 2 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said.To guarantee the3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this years Lantern Festival event used LED lights rath
82、er than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. Its a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museums new look lit up social media following Tuesdays display.Since Shan Jixiang became director of the Palace Museum, he 6
83、(bring) many changes to the worlds 7 (large) imperial complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. He said, “9 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10 peoples daily live
84、s.”1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文主要讲述了故宫94年来首次延长开放时间,允许公众晚上免费参观,其目的在于传承和发扬中国的传统文化。1.whom考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,修饰先行词visitors,指人,又因为关系词在定语从句中作介词among 的宾语,所以填whom。2.truly考查副词。此处应用所给词的副词形式在句中作状语。3.safety考查名词。根据句意可知,此处表示“为了确保故宫的安全”,所填词作动词guarantee的宾语,因此用名词形式。4.planning考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词为us
85、ed,而organizers与plan之间构成主动关系,因此填planning。5.themselves考查反身代词。根据句意可知,游客沉浸在节日的气氛中。absorb oneself in 意为“沉浸在”,所以此处应填反身代词themselves。6.has brought考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“Since Shan Jixiang became director of the Palace Museum”可知,此处应用现在完成时,所以应填has brought。7.largest考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知,此处应填形容词的最高级。8.treasures考查名词复数。treasur
86、e意为“珍宝”时为可数名词。此处是指让传统文化珍宝重获新生,表示泛指,所以应填treasures。9.What考查主语从句。对于博物馆重要的事情不是有多少游客,而是它有多贴近人们的日常生活。该主语从句中缺少主语,所以应填What。10.to考查介词。be close to 为固定搭配,意为“靠近,接近,贴近”,所以应填to。Passage 3(2019广东茂名高三第一次综合测试)Shawn Cheshire is a blind cyclist who competed in the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She lost he
87、r ability1(see) after an accident nine years ago. She has tried to become as 2(depend) as possible in the last few years.She said that,3 a long time, she was in a really dark place and hated being blind. She said that sports and physical exercise gave4(she) another opportunity at living.Earlier this
88、 month, Cheshire crossed 68 kilometers of steep and uneven ground in the Grand Canyon(大峡谷). She did so in 24 hours and 15 minutes, 5 is believed to be a record for a blind hiker (徒步旅行者). The 6(early) record of 28 hours 7(set) in 2014.Three friends helped her during the Grand Canyon hike. They walked
89、 several steps apart. They guided and warned her of8(barrier). She listened for and followed the sound of a bell 9(wear) by the lead hiker. She used hiking poles for balance.Cheshire and her friends finished the hike on October 8, 2018. She said as the group neared10 end of the trip, “I had a huge b
90、all of emotion welled up in my chestI cannot believe we just did that.”1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,文章介绍了Shawn Cheshire作为一个盲人,克服重重困难徒步穿越大峡谷,创造了纪录的故事。1.to see考查非谓语动词。抽象名词ability后面常接不定式作后置定语。 2.independent考查形容词。此处作become 的表语应用形容词,再根据语境可知她尽力变得独立,所以用independent。3.for考查介词短语。表示持续一段时间,用for +一段
91、时间。故填for。4.her考查代词。此处作gave的宾语,所以用宾格,再根据语境表示运动和体育锻炼给了她机会,所以用her。5.which考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺主语,故用关系代词which。6.earlier考查比较级。此处表示早先的纪录是在2014年创立的,所以用earlier。7.was set考查被动语态。根据时间状语in 2014 可知用一般过去时,根据语境可知纪录是被建立,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。8.barriers考查名词复数。根据语境可知她的朋友们提醒、警告她(哪里有)障碍,障碍不止一个,所以要用复数barriers。9.worn考查过去分词。分析
92、句子成分可知本句谓语为listened for和followed,所以wear要用作非谓语,修饰bell,根据空格后的by可知用过去分词。故填worn。10.the考查冠词。此处特指这次旅途快要结束时,所以填the。Passage 4(2019河北“五个一名校联盟”一次诊断)One day, I was comfortably waiting for my flight with a good book to read when 1 elderly lady was wheeled to our waiting area. I noticed the trouble she was havin
93、g 2 (try) to open a packet of nuts with her shaking hands. No one else was willing to meet her gaze, so I 3 (offer) to help. The lady was very grateful. We sat and chatted. The time came to board the plane. She could walk but needed some 4 (assist), so I volunteered to help her and carry her bag. As
94、 I helped her get 5 (settle), I noticed her “seat mate”, a businessman, looked a bit horrified at having to make the flight with her. He offered to change 6 (seat) with me and I agreed. We had a long chat. As we were entering another country we needed to fill out forms. I offered to fill 7 (her) out
95、 because of her shaking hands. We landed and I needed to change planes, but I helped her first. The wheelchair she ordered was nowhere to be seen so we slowly walked to the gate 8 her daughter was waiting. As a result, I had to run to catch my connection but, when I thought about the experience, I s
96、aw her 9 my airport angel, a chance for me to hope that in the future when Im in my eighties and traveling, someone will spare some time 10(connect) with me.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。文章讲述了作者在机场和飞机上帮助一位行动不便的老太太的故事。1.an句意:一天,我在读着一本好书舒适地等待着我的航班,正在这时,一位老太太被推着来到候机区。设空处后的lady在本文中第一次被提及,表示泛
97、指,故设空处填不定冠词;elderly的发音为元音音素开头,故填an。2.trying句意:我注意到她很费力地用她那双颤抖的手试图打开一袋坚果。“she was having 2 (try) to open a packet of nuts with her shaking hands”为定语从句,先行词为trouble,将先行词代入定语从句后为:She was having trouble2 (try) to open a packet of nuts with her shaking hands. have trouble (in)doing sth.为固定句式,故设空处填trying。3
98、.offered句意:没人愿意与她凝视的目光相遇,因此我主动帮助她。本句陈述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。4.assistance句意:她能行走,但是需要一些帮助。设空处作needed的宾语,需用名词形式,根据提示词assist可知设空处填名词assistance。assistance为不可数名词。5.settled句意:当我帮她坐到自己的位置时,我注意到她的 “邻座”,一位商人,因与这位老太太一起乘飞机看上去有点害怕。设空处作系动词get的表语,且设空处表示“状态”,故填过去分词settled。6.seats句意:他提出和我换座位,我同意了。设空处作change的宾语,需用名词形式;双方换
99、座位,“座位”需用复数形式,故填seats。7.hers句意:由于她双手颤抖,因此我提出帮她填写她的表格。设空处作fill的宾语,表示“her forms”,故用名词性物主代词hers。8.where句意:由于没看见她预订的轮椅,因此我们慢慢地走到机场出口,她女儿正在那里等待。8her daughter was waiting为定语从句,先行词为the gate,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。9.as句意:因此我不得不跑着去转机,但是当我回想这一经历时,我认为她是我在机场遇到的天使,使我希望将来在我八十多岁旅行的时候,有人也会抽时间与我建立良好的关系。see sb. a
100、s.为固定短语,意为“把某人看作”,故填介词as。10.to connectspare some time to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“抽时间做某事”,故填不定式to connect。题组二Passage 1(2019山东淄博模拟)This weekend I was delighted to show my parents around Seville, as they1(come) for a short but sweet visit. Although the weather wasnt the best, we still made2best of our time tog
101、ether.Being reunited with the people you love in a new place3(bring) excitement. Showing them around the new city makes you4(extraordinary) happy. For example, as Seville is known for flamenco (弗拉门戈), I took them to see a famous5(perform) my friends recommended to me, which gave us such a wonderful
102、visual feast. Furthermore, getting to show your visitors the places6(appeal) to you is a pleasant feeling, because you are eager to let them know where you love to spend your time. You are letting them get involved7your new life. Also you have the opportunity8(show) your beloved ones the new places
103、that they may fall in love with.So, after a two-day trip, I feel pleased to have had the time to explore those9(attraction) with my parents. I am already looking forward to their next visit10I can show them more of what Seville offers.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读周末,我带领父母参观了Seville,这让我感到快乐无比,并
104、期待父母的再次到来。1.came这个周末,我很高兴地带着我的父母参观了Seville,他们来这里进行了短暂而甜蜜的访问。根据时间状语This weekend以及主句时态可知此处用一般过去时。2.the固定词组:make the best of尽量利用。3.brings句意:在一个新的地方与你爱的人团聚会带来兴奋。根据句意可知句子用一般现在时态,动名词短语作主语,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4.extraordinarily副词修饰形容词,故答案为extraordinarily“非常;特别”。5.performance我带他们看了一场朋友们推荐的著名的表演。形容词famous修饰名词。pe
105、rformance表演。6.appealing此处是现在分词作后置定语,places与appeal to之间为主动关系,故答案用现在分词形式。7.in固定搭配:get involved in “与有关联”。8.to showhave the opportunity to do sth.为固定结构,故设空处填to show作the opportunity的定语。9.attractions根据设空处前的those可推知设空处填名词复数attractions。attraction在此处为可数名词,意为“有吸引力的事物”。10.when句意:我已经在期待他们的下一次来访,那时我可以向他们展示Sevil
106、le提供的更多的东西。根据句子结构可知their next visit作先行词,设空处在后面的定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为关系副词when。Passage 2(2019安徽黄山一次质检)Positive thinking does not mean you have to find every idea absolutely wonderful. It 1 (do) mean you have to be ready to explore an idea and to try and bring out whatever good features it has. The next step
107、 might be to find the 2 (weak) in the idea and to try and strengthen them, rather than use them 3 (simple) as an excuse for rejecting the whole idea. Finally, the idea, after it 4 (explore), may not be used because there is a 5 (good) one or because, good 6 it is, it is not suitable. There is 7 (som
108、ething) wrong with being positive about an idea at first and then 8 (reject) it later, when you see that it wont work. It is easy to be negative and critical and too much talent is wasted in negative thinking. It is time we 9 (show) less respect for this kind of destructive thinking and focused 10 p
109、ositive thinking more. So remember to think positively. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读这是一篇议论文。作者告诉读者对待事情要多一些积极的、正面的思考,少一些消极的、负面的思考。1.does句意:正面思考确实意味着你必须准备着探索一个构思,并试图把它的优点发挥出来。本句对谓语动词强调,用助动词。本句谓语动词应该用一般现在时,主语It是第三人称单数,所以填does。2.weaknesses句意:下一步可能是弄清该构思的弱点并努力增强它们,而不是简单地将它们作为全盘否定的理由。设空处作find的宾语,可推
110、知设空处填名词;再根据后文的them可知设空处填名词复数形式,故填weaknesses。3.simply设空处修饰动词use,需用副词,所以填simply。4.has been explored句意:最后,当该构思被探索出来之后,它可能不能用,因为又出现了更好的,或是因为虽然这个构思不错但它不适合。考查时态和语态。设空处表示的explore这一动作已经完成,需用现在完成时;it 与explore之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;综上所述,设空处填has been explored。5.better考查比较级。设空处表示“更好的”,需用比较级形式,所以填better。6.as/though考查倒装句
111、。“形容词+as或though+主语+谓语”相当于although引导的让步状语从句,意为:虽然。所以设空处填as/though。7.nothing句意:开始时对某种构思持积极态度,后来当你发现它行不通时不予考虑,这种做法无可厚非。“There is nothing wrong with.”为固定句型,意为:“没有毛病”或“无可厚非”。8.rejecting设空处与being.并列作介词with的宾语,由此可推知设空处需填动名词形式,故填rejecting。9.showed考查虚拟语气。在 “It is (high) time+that从句”句型中,that从句的谓语动词要用过去式或“shou
112、ld+动词原形”,由后文的focused可知应填showed。10.on句意:是我们看轻这种破坏性思考,更重视积极的思考的时候了。考查固定短语。focus on为固定短语,意为:关注。Passage 3(2019山东临沂模拟)A sex education book published in China for second-grade students 1 are aged eight to nine, has caused a lively debate.China has long been considered a conservative country where talking
113、about sex is embarrassing, especially among kids. Such closed-minded and backward attitudes have led 2 a lack of sexual knowledge, making kids 3 (help) when facing sex crimes.Many people have expressed support for the books as well, 4 (argue) that such texts can teach kids proper sexual knowledge, a
114、llowing them 5 (defend) themselves against sex crimes.In response to public concern over the books, the publisher has released a statement defending the books. “We hope sexual knowledge, along with other scientific knowledge, can be 6 (natural) and accurately taught to our kids. Sex crimes targeting
115、 7 (child) frequently take place in China, and they remind us of the importance of promoting sex education among elementary school students,” the 8 (announce) read.According to , the publisher spent nine years collecting the texts and opinions from both experts 9 parents. The books require teachers
116、to receive professional training before delivering related lectures. Extra materials and resources designed for parents will 10 (publish) soon.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读本文为议论文。在中国为二年级学生出版的一本性教育图书引起了热烈的辩论。1.who/that考查定语从句。先行词为students,指“人”,在定语从句中作主语,故填who或that。2.tolead to为固定短语,意为:导致。3.helple
117、ss设空处作宾补,表示“无助的”,故填helpless。4.arguing本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语Many people与argue为逻辑上的主动关系,故填arguing。5.to defendallow sb. to do sth.为固定短语,意为:允许某人做某事。6.naturally设空处与accurately一起作状语,故填副词naturally。7.children“孩子”在本句中表示泛指,设空处前没有冠词,故用复数形式,故填children。8.announcement设空处作主语,意为“通告”,因此需用名词形式,故填announcement。9.and根据本句中的both可
118、知设空处填and,构成“both.and.”结构。10.be published主语与publish之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。根据设空处前的will可知答案为be published。Passage 4(2020原创)Training new people 1 (correct) takes time and energy.Training someone to do a job can be 2 (hard) than doing the work yourself. Its hard partially because people are different in their 3 (
119、approach) to a task. But mostly its 4the styles and pace of working are very different.In the last three months, I 5 (train) two new members in my group. I have to say these have been 6 longest three months that Ive ever had at work. My philosophy of training is to teach someone 7 to fish instead of
120、 just giving him or her the fish. But human nature makes people want a short cut to getting a job 8 (do). Their desire for a short cut is my biggest frustration in training. I try my best 9 (explain) the “whys” of a task so that the new people understand how to solve a problem on their own. That way
121、 they can do it 10 (they) in the future.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案语篇解读一谈到解决问题,人们总是千方百计地寻找捷径, 这是人的天性。这无疑给培训新手上岗的作者以极大的困惑和挑战。1.correctly考查词性转换。空格处填副词correctly,充当状语。2.harder考查形容词的比较级。 根据后面的than可知,空格处填形容词hard的比较级harder。3.approaches考查名词的数。根据前面的their可知,空格处填复数名词approaches。4.because考查引导词。句意:但主要是因为工作风格和
122、速度非常不同。根据句意可知,空格处填because,引导表语从句。5.have trained考查现在完成时。根据时间状语In the last three months可知,本句用现在完成时,故空格处填have trained。6.the考查定冠词。形容词最高级前用定冠词。7.how考查特殊疑问词。how to fish如何钓鱼。8.done考查非谓语动词。get sth. done意为“使某事被做”,故空格处填过去分词done。9.to explain考查非谓语动词。try ones best to do sth.意为“竭尽全力做某事”,故空格处填动词不定式to explain。10.themselves考查反身代词。主语是they,故空格处填反身代词themselves。
