1、Period 2Grammar;Function;PronunciationThe General Idea of This PeriodGrammar in this module is the revision of modal verbs.This part can be led in by doing some exercises of modal verbs.In this part,well revise the usage of modal verbs,such as can,could,must,have to,should,etc.Modal verbs are import
2、ant and difficult English grammar points and it is rather confusing.Ask the students to pay much attention to them.In this part,well deal with four activities.The function in this module is talking about obligation,permission and prohibition.First,the teacher may ask the students to speak out the wa
3、y used to express obligation,permission and prohibition.The teacher can give them some examples.Then ask the students to do the exercises.There are four activities in pronunciation.The aim is to make sure that the students can pause at the end of each sense group,not making the sentence broken.Teach
4、ing Important PointsEncourage the students to sum up grammatical rules and the way to show obligation,permission and prohibition.Teaching Difficult PointsTo distinguish the usage of modal verbs and pause at the end of each sense group.Teaching Methods Individual work and pair work to make every stud
5、ent work in class.Teaching AidsMultimedia,tape-recorder & a blackboardThree Dimensional Teaching AimsKnowledge and SkillsMake the students master modal verbs and use them correctly.Make sure the students can show their obligation,permission and prohibition properly.Train the students pronunciation a
6、nd pause at the end of each sense group.Teaching and StrategiesMotivate the students enthusiasm in taking part in the class.Feelings and ValueThrough the revision of modal verbs and the way to show obligation,permission and prohibition,the students will surely express themselves correctly and proper
7、ly.Teaching ProceduresStep 1 Revision (Greet the students as usual.)T:First,Ill show you a short passage and you give me the missing words in the passage A Trip Along the Three Gorges.(Show the following passage on the screen.)In August,1996,Peter Hessler,a young American teacher of English,and a co
8、lleague decided to take a boat 1along the Three Gorges.They bought tickets 2the Jiangyou boat.They left the docks on a beautiful afternoon.As the sun set they 3 at Fengdu.They slept through the first gorge,which is called the Qutang Gorge.At Wushan they made a 4 up the Daning river.The next day they
9、 went through the Wu Gorge.They passed the Xiang River,home of Qu Yuan,the 3rd century BC 5.Along the Yangtze River,every rock looked like a person or animal,every stream that joined the great river 6its legends,every hill was 7 with the past.As they came out of the third gorge,the Xiling Gorge,they
10、 sailed into the 8site of the dam.On a distant mountain was a sign 920-foot characters.”Build the Three Gorges Dam,10the Yangtze River,” it said.After three minutes preparation,ask several students to share their answers in the whole sentences.Then check the answers from the whole class.Suggested an
11、swers:1.downstream2.for3.docked4.detour5.poet6.carried7.heavy8.construction9.in10.ExploitAsk the students to read the whole passage together.Step 2 GrammarT:Okay,so much for the check-up.Now,we are going to revise modal verbs.How much do you know about modal verbs?Let me give you a quiz about modal
12、verbs.Lets see how much do you know about them.(Show the following sentences on the screen.)Decide whether the sentences are true(T) or false(F).1.Modal verbs have only one form in the present tense.()2.Modal verbs all have a present,past and future form.()3.Some modal verbs have more than one meani
13、ng.()4.Modal verbs are followed by the infinitive with to.()5.To ask questions with modal verbs you use the auxiliary verb do.()6.To make a modal verb negative you use dont.()Ask the students to finish them individually,and then call back their answers.Suggested answers:1.T2.F3.T4.F5.F6.FT:No.2,4,5
14、and 6 are wrong statements.Do you know how to correct them?Whod like to do No.2.(Encourage the students to volunteer to answer your questions.)Sa:Not all modal verbs have a present,past and future form.For example:Must only has one form.T:Wonderful job!No.4.Sa:Modal verbs are followed by the infinit
15、ive without to.T:Yes,good.We all know modal verb +原形v.（Finish the four questions like this.）T:I can see you have know the basic rules of modal verbs.Lets do some other practice.Look at Activity 1.The sentences are all from the passage in reading.Complete them and answer the questions following them.
16、(Show the following sentences on the screen.)1.They _go anywhere they wished.2.You _go on those ships.3.There _be any other foreigners.4.We just _show our passports.5.We _see the sun setting behind the white pagoda.1.Which verb is used as the past of must?2.Which verb indicates an ability to do some
17、thing?3.Which verb makes a prediction about the future?4.Which verb is used to give advice?5.Which verb indicates the permission to do something?They are easy for the students to answer.Suggested answers:1.could2.shouldnt3.wont4.had to5.could 1.had to2.could3.wont4.shouldnt5.could T:So much for this
18、 activity.I think you have got a good understanding of modal verbs.Lets do a further exercise.Please underline the correct verb in the following sentences.(Show the following on the screen.)1.You should/shouldnt visit the Three Gorges.Theyre beautiful.2.Boats can/cant reach the upper part of the Yan
19、gtze River.Its too dangerous.3.You should/shouldnt go in winter.The waters too low.4.Travellers must/mustnt show their documents when they arrive.Its the law.5.They could/couldnt see the mountains in the distance.The peaks were shining in the sunlight.6.The children could/couldnt find their way out
20、of the woods.They were lost.7.Peter had to/must return by the end of February.He started work again in March.This part is also easy to do.After two or three minutes preparation,ask the students to say the words they choose individually.Suggested answers:1.should2.cant3.shouldnt4.must5.could6.couldnt
21、7.had to Then pair the students to ask and answer questions based on the sentences in the activity above,that is,Activity 3.Have them take turns to ask and answer.Two minutes later,ask some pairs to do questions and answers for the whole class.Step 3 FunctionT:Thats the end of grammar.After class,do
22、 more exercises to consolidate modal verbs.Now,look at Page 45.Well talk about obligation,permission and prohibition.Do you have any idea of the way to show them?First,for obligation.Any volunteer?Sa:We can use You must/should/ought to .T:Yes,good idea!We can also use sentence pattern,such as:It is
23、necessary to/that.You are required to.As for permission,what kind of sentence do we learn?Sb:You may or can.T:Good suggestion!Besides,we can use You are allowed to.I think you are clever to say expressions for prohibition,right?Ss:You cant/mustnt. and dont.T:Good job!Now,lets see some examples in Ac
24、tivity 1.(Show the following questions on the screen.)Choose the correct meaning.1.The captain lets passengers use his cabin.(a)Passengers must use the captains cabin.(b)Passengers can use the captains cabin.(c)Passengers mustnt use the captains cabin.2.There are lecturesbut you dont have to go to t
25、hem.(a)It is necessary to go to the lectures.(b)It isnt necessary to go to the lectures.(c)It isnt possible to go to the lectures.3.Swimming form the boat is forbidden.(a)You can swim from the boat.(b)You must swim from the boat.(c)You mustnt swim from the boat.4.Youre not allowed to smoke.(a)It is
26、against the rules to smoke.(b)You can smoke if you wish.(c)You dont have to smoke.5.Passengers are required to take their passports with them.(a)They can take their passports with them.(b)They cant take their passports with them.(c)They must take their passports with them.Ask the students to do this
27、 activity individually,then check with a partner.Call back the answers from the whole class,having one student read the sentence,and another one the paraphrase.Suggested answers:1.b2.b3.c4.a5.cAsk the students to use the italicized verbs in each sentence(lets/dont have to/is forbidden/not allowed to
28、/are required to) to make a sentence of their own study and life.Then encourage some students to share their sentences.Another task is Activity 2.Find more examples of be allowed,had to and let in the reading passage on page 42 in Reading and vocabulary Activity 2.Suggested answers:Paragraph 1:We ju
29、st had to show our passports and they let us get on the boat.Paragraph 5:but we werent allowed to get off the boat.Step 4 PronunciationT:Listen to the following sentences and repeat them.Meanwhile,make sure you pause at the end of each sense group.(Show the following on the screen.)Can you tell me/s
30、omething about the boats?What about/on board activities?What about/swimming in the Yangtze?Are there any/other rules I should know about?Pair them to practice,listening and helping each other to get it right.And then say the sentences in Activity 2 aloud.What about swimming in the Yangtze?Are there
31、any other rules I should know?Can you tell me if were allowed to take photos of the dam?Ask the students to read them individually,and then play the tape for them to check.Suggested answers:What about/swimming in the Yangtze?Are there any/other rules I should know?Can you tell me/if were allowed to
32、take photos of the dam?T:In Activity 3,there is a short dialogue from the passage in listening Activity 1.Read through the sentences to yourselves and try to pause at the end of each sense group.AIm interested in booking a classic Three Gorges cruise.Can you tell me something about the boats?BYes,ce
33、rtainly.Theyre big,modern boats,and they all have professional English speaking directions.You can choose between western and Chinese cuisine.Play the tape for them to check their answers.Then call back the answers from the whole class.Suggested answers:AIm interested in booking/a classic Three Gorg
34、es cruise./Can you tell me/something about the boats?BYes,/certainly./Theyre big,/modern boats,/and they all have/professional English speaking directions./You can choose between/western and Chinese cuisine.T:Lets come to another exercise.There is also a dialogue in Activity 4.Read through these sen
35、tences and pause at the end of each sense group.AAre there any other rules I should know?BThere arent a lot of rules.But the boats are non-smoking,so youre not allowed to smoke anywhere except in your cabin and in the smoking lounge.Suggested answers: AAre there any other rules/I should know?BThere
36、arent a lot of rules./But the boats are non-smoking,/so youre not allowed to smoke/anywhere except in your cabin/and in the smoking lounge.Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we have learned some modal verbs and some way to show obligation permission and prohibition.Weve also learned how to pause at
37、the end of each sense group.Do more practice after class.Do the exercise on your workbook.So much for today.Good-bye,everyone!Ss:Good-bye,teacher!The Design of the Writing on the BlackboardModule 5A Trip Along the Three GorgesThe second periodcan/couldhave to/mustshould/ought toobligationpermissionp
38、rohibitionRecord after Teaching_Activities and Research1.Revise the usage of modal verbs.2.Learn to express obligation,permission and prohibition.3.Practise how to pause at the end of each sense group correctly.Reference for TeachingGrammar1.can 和couldcan表示客观可能性,也可表示”能力”。表示”能力”时和be able to 相似,许多场合都可
39、以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情,不可用could,只能用 was(were) able to。例如:Her mother can speak French.她妈妈能说法语。（叙述一般的能力）Without water,man can not live.没有水,人类不能生存。When he was young,he could sing very well.当他年轻的时候,他唱歌唱得很好。He was able to swim half-way before he was tired out.他游过一半已精疲力竭。（指经过了努力,所以不用could）。2.may和might表
40、示请求许可（否定答语为must not）,口语中可用can/could 代替may,但在正式场合要用may;表示推测（否定为may not）。在表示推测的句子中,一般不用于疑问句,may表示的可能性比might要大;may有时可以表示祝愿。例如:You may keep the book for a week.这本书你可以保留一星期。She said I might use her dictionary.她说我可以用她的字典。They may be having a class now.他们也许现在正在上课呢。Mother may(might)be cooking now.我妈妈可能正在做饭。
41、May you succeed.祝你成功。3.比较can/could 和be able to（1）can/could 表示能力;可能只用于现在时(can)和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。（2）表示过去成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,不能用could。注意:could不表示时态,用于提出委婉的请求,（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如:They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。Could I have the television on?我能打开电视机吗？Yes,you
42、 can./No,you cant.是的，你能/不，你不能。4 比较have to和must(1)两词都是必须的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,即主观上的必要。（2)在否定结构中:dont have to 表示”不必”,mustnt表示”禁止”。例如:My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作
43、。（主观上要做这件事）You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。5 will 和wouldwill表示意志、意愿、决心,用于各种人称。would表示过去时间的意愿,是will的过去时;will表示请求,通常用于第二人称。would表示更委婉的请求或建议。例如:I will never do such a thing again.这样的事我决不再干了。We tried to persuade him to come with us,but he wouldnt.
44、我们力图说服他一起来,可他不愿意。Help me with this luggage,will you?请您帮我搬搬这件行李,好吗？Would you do this for me?请你帮我做这个,行吗？6.shall和should(1)shall用在主语是第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的允诺。should表示惊讶、意外、难以置信,常与why,who,how等连用。(2)shall用在主语是第二人称或第三人称陈述句中表示说话人的允诺或警告。should对已发生的情况表示责备。结构为should +have+过去分词。例如:Why should I be angry with
45、you?我哪会生你的气呢？Shall he come right now？要他马上过来吗？We should learn how to use computers.我们应该学会使用电脑。You shall do as your father tells you.你要照年父亲说的去做。Tell her that she shall have the book tomorrow.告诉她明天可以得到那本书。The new regulation shall take effect on Jan.1st.新规章自1月1日起施行。Language Points1.forbid vt.禁止,不许（-bade
46、 或-bad,-bidden,-bidding） Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.演奏厅内不准吸烟。I forbade you to go swimming.我不准你去游泳。forbid sb.to do sth./forbid doing sth.既可以接-ing又可以接不定式作宾语的动词permit doing/permit sb.to do 允许做某事allow doing/allow sb.to do 允许（某人）做某事advise doing/advise sb.to do 建议某人做某事encourage doing/encoura
47、ge sb.to do 鼓励某人去做某事例如:Do you permit your children to smoke?你准许你的孩子们吸烟吗?The government servants arent allowed to accept rewards.公务员不得接受酬谢。I encouraged her to work hard and to try for the examination.我鼓励她用功并为这次考试作努力。The doctor advised me to take more exercise.医生嘱咐我多加锻炼。2.require vt.需要,要求,命令The floor
48、requires washing/to be washed.地板该洗了。All passengers are required to show their tickets.所有乘客都必须出示车票。He required that they(should) work all night.他规定他们整夜工作。require+n./pron.;require + doing/to be done;require + sb.to do sth.;require + that 从句用虚拟语气（should+动词原形）demand,require,request和ask辨析:demand意为”要求,需要”。具有强制要求的意味,语气较强烈。require 也是”要求,需要”的意思,但语气比demand要缓和,后面常接sth.(of sb.)。request 是正式用语,表示客气的”要求;请求,恳求”,常用request sth.(from/of sb.)。ask 作”要求;请求”解时,属普通用语,其语气强弱或有礼貌与否,视上下文而定。常用ask sth./sb.,ask(sb.) for sth.等句型。.精品资料。欢迎使用。高考资源网w。w-w*k&s%5￥u高考资源网w。w-w*k&s%5￥u
