1、专题三高考写作新题型读后续写与概要写作第1课读后续写 对应学生用书P285读后续写任务要求考生在一段350词以内的语言材料基础上，根据该材料内容和所给段落开头语进行续写，将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接，情节和结构完整的150词左右的短文。读后续写除了要求考生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外，还注重考生的内容构思和情节衔接的能力。主要聚焦在以下四个方面：1把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。考生需要了解给定短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。2语言运用的准确性和丰富性的能力。在词汇和语言结构的使用方面准确、恰当，能够根据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构。3对短文
2、结构的把控能力。考查对上下文逻辑关系的掌握情况，续写的短文应语句连贯、有序。4创造性思维能力。考生所续写的短文要具有较丰富的内容，包含详细和生动的情景、态度和情感描述。 一、理清读写思路，打造高分作文1梳理记叙要素，归纳文本大意文本大意指文章的主要内容，即围绕主要人或物描述的主要事件及其结果。归纳记叙文文本大意可用要素归纳法，即找出记叙文的六要素(时间、地点、人物和事情的起因、经过和结果)，并将其概括为“何人/物于何时何地做了何事， 最终结果如何”，有时根据实际情况“何时何地”可以省略。2理清叙事情节， 助推故事高潮情节是记叙文完整内容的具体展开，通常包括开端、发展、高潮和结局。在研读所给文本
3、的前提下，巧妙营造故事的高潮是提升写作质量的关键一环，其常用方法如下：(1)设立12个障碍：通过增加障碍，反衬人物形象的高大， 从而达到增强人物感染力的作用。例But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got lost.We had no idea where we were and it got dark.Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back.(草原迷路；天色渐黑；又累又饿
4、；心理恐慌，这些将情节不断推向高潮)(2)营造冲突：营造冲突是一种简单有效可以达到故事高潮的方式，因为冲突可以带来紧迫感。角色之间的冲突On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy.After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didnt we find a house with a likelylooking backyard and ask if we could set up a ten
5、t there？David and I became nervous.(是双方的观点冲突)续表角色与环境之间的冲突Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him.he saw instantly that it wasnt a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.Macs heart jumped., he fired the spray at the wolf.A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Macs re
6、lief, it fell back, shaking its head.But a minute later, .Then it., tearing open his tent bag.He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back.(人与狼之间的激烈冲突营造了紧迫不安的氛围和情绪)放大内心冲突“Hadnt I quarrelled with Tom, walked away and climbed to the high place, I wouldnt be trapped in this awful place,
7、confronted with the danger of dying.” She regretted with endless anxiety, and then became asleep with shining tears in her eyes.(今昔对比和虚拟语气的合理使用放大了内心冲突， 将情节推向高潮)3.研读段落开头语， 精准定位写作方向仔细阅读续写部分所给的开头语，寻找关键信息，结合叙事情节，找出其内在的逻辑联系，最终确定续写内容。4添加细节描写， 凸显人物情感细节描写主要是指对事物或人物的具体、生动、细腻的描写，包括景物或环境、人物行动、人物神情、人物心理等方面， 聚焦所
8、见(see)、所听(hear)、所嗅(smell)、所尝(taste)或所触(touch), 充实情境。通过细节描写表现主人公所想所感，这样不仅让读者产生代入感， 同时也能升华文章的主题。5恰当使用连接词和过渡语，连接成文在续写的过程中我们可以根据情节和逻辑的需要选用but/however, although/though, unfortunately, instead, on the contrary, whats worse, worse still, so, thus, therefore, consequently, as a result等连接词使上下文衔接紧密、表意连贯。二、关注两
9、个维度， 力争锦上添花1语篇的连贯性(1)内容连贯：续写部分紧扣所给文本故事大意， 与写作意图保持高度一致。(2)语句连贯：在写作时要关注段落内部句与句之间的衔接、续写内容与段落首句之间的衔接、两个续写段落之间的衔接和续写段落与所给文本之间的前后呼应。(3)语言连贯：续写部分的语言风格与所给文本的语言风格保持一致。(4)结构连贯：续写完成后要使整篇文章前后呼应、逻辑通顺、结构完整。2语言的丰富性(1)句式结构：简单句、复合句以及强调句、倒装句等特殊句式的灵活使用。(2)语法结构：主动和被动语态、非谓语动词、with的复合结构等的准确使用，独立主格结构、虚拟语气等的合理使用。(3)词汇选择：常用
10、词汇尤其是动词、副词、形容词和名词的使用以及高级词汇的准确使用可以使语言变得丰富和生动。特别需要注意的是，要学会运用动词来表达人物的情绪和心态，避免直接运用形容词来表达人物状态。例如，在表达“他很累”时，“He dragged his feet home.”就要比“He was tired.”表达得更生动。(4)修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、引用等修辞格的巧妙使用可以增强语言的丰富性和感染力。比喻：比喻就是打比方，是英语中常用的修辞手法。它可以化平淡为生动、化深奥为浅显、化抽象为具体、化冗长为简洁，加深读者对事物的理解，突出事物的特征。例His heart shivered as a ship
11、shivers at the mountainous crash of the waters.他的心颤动了，好像一艘船在排山倒海的波涛中颠簸。Books are to our minds what food is to our body.书籍之于我们的思想，犹如食物之于我们的身体。拟人：英语中拟人修辞总是通过适用于人的名词、代词、形容词、动词来体现的。其目的在于深刻地描写事物，充分地抒发感情，使其引起共鸣。例If we smile at life, life will smile at us in return.如果我们微笑面对生活，生活就会对我们报以微笑。I think the mother
12、 bird must be very proud of her children, who are able to find their own food now.我想鸟妈妈一定为她的孩子们感到骄傲，他们现在能自己找食物了。夸张：通过夸大程度达到强调句意、丰富情感色彩的目的。例I still have hundreds of stories to share with you.I still have thousands of blessings for you.May our friendship last till the end of the universe!我还有成百上千个故事要和你
13、分享。我还有成千上万的祝福给你。愿我们的友谊持续到宇宙的尽头！引用：写文章时， 引用成语、诗句、格言、典故等来表达自己的思想感情，说明自己对新问题、新道理的见解。它使论据确凿充分，增强说服力， 富有启发性，而且语言精炼， 含蓄典雅。例Since “life is a stage”， we are actually actors and actresses.既然“生活是一个舞台”， 我们实际上都是演员。Practice makes perfect.To learn English well requires a lot of practice.熟能生巧。学好英语需要很多练习。What impre
14、sses me most is his famous saying, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninetynine percent perspiration.”最让我印象深刻的是他的名言： “天才是百分之一的灵感和百分之九十九的汗水。”三、避免三个误区，确保写准写美1情节设计符合生活实际， 避免太过荒诞的故事读后续写从本质上来讲是考查考生的文字表达能力。由于其有原文故事的限制，还有两个段首句的限制，考生发挥想象力的空间并不是很大。考生在故事的设计上并不能信马由缰。考生发挥想象力要在原文故事和段首句的基础上，在特定的框架内进行。因此续写要求情
15、节可简单，但是要合理。不要设计太过怪诞的情节。2文字精巧优美， 书面化的长句不宜太多从读后续写的本质上来看，考生要特别重视的实际上是描写是否丰富。续写使用的语言要小巧、准确而有闪光点。故事的叙述不要用太过复杂的句子，但是，用词要精巧，要有精致的表达。例(一般)It was dark and Jane felt very hopeless.She cried and regretted what she had done.She closed her eyes and thought of the happy time that she had spent together with Tom.(
16、优美)Surrounded by darkness, Jane sank into hopelessness.Tears of fear and regret poured down her face.She closed her eyes and the memories of living happily with Tom all came crowding in.3叙述要清楚连贯，对话不要太多读后续写主要考查考生的叙述和描述能力。因此，对话不要太多，150词的故事续写设计三至四组对话即可。四、剖析典型例题，研透解题策略【典型例题1】阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
17、成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。One weekend in July, Jane and her husband, Tom, had driven three hours to camp overnight by a lake in the forest.Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel.By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom，“Im goi
18、ng to find a better spot for us to camp” and walked away.With no path to follow, Jane just walked on for quite a long time.After she had climbed to a high place she turned around, hoping to see the lake.To her surprise, she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond, a snowcapped mountain top.She sudden
19、ly realized that she was lost.“Tom！” she cried.“Help！”No reply.If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom.Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked, the more confused she became.As night was beginning to fall, Jane was so tired that she had to stop for the night.Lying awake in
20、 the dark, Jane wanted very much to be with Tom and her family.She wanted to hold him and tell him how much she loved him.Jane rose at the break of day, hungry and thirsty.She could hear water trickling (滴落) somewhere at a distance.Quickly she followed the sound to a stream.To her great joy, she als
21、o saw some berry bushes.She drank and ate a few berries.Never in her life had she tasted anything better.Feeling stronger now, Jane began to walk along the stream and hoped it would lead her to the lake.As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter.Is that for me？Unfortun
22、ately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above.A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead.Jane took off her yellow blouse, thinking that she should go to an open area and flag them if they came back again.Paragraph 1：But no more helicopters came and it was getting da
23、rk again.Paragraph 2：It was daybreak when Jane woke up.解题演示1梳理记叙要素，归纳文本大意WhoJane, TomWhatJane was lost.Wherein the forestWhenone weekend in JulyWhya quarrel with Tom, her husbandMain ideaJane was lost in the forest and survived in the end.2.理清叙事情节，助推故事高潮叙事情节Beginningstarted to quarrel, was lostDevel
24、opmentkept moving, had to stop for the night, rose at the break of day, began to walk along the stream and hopedClimaxheard a helicopterEnding待续助推高潮增加障碍让直升机发现Jane的困难营造冲突扩大Jane在夜晚内心的冲突(后悔与丈夫吵架)渲染Jane当晚和次日与环境之间的冲突(当晚“恶劣”的环境与内心无助和恐惧的冲突；次日让直升机发现自己的困难与渴望被救的冲突)3.研读段落开头语，精准定位续写方向段落研读开头语续写方向Paragraph 1But n
25、o more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.How did Jane feel then?How did Jane struggle through the night?Did she fall asleep and what did she think of？Jane是如何熬过那一个夜晚的(所听、所思、所感)Paragraph 2It was daybreak when Jane woke up.Was Jane rescued and who rescued Jane?How was she rescued and how d
26、id she feel then？Jane是如何获救的(所行、所听、所见、所感)4.添加细节描写，凸显人物情感Paragraph 1Jane的所听(frightening sound)、所思(regret)、所感(frightened and tired)Paragraph 2Jane如何被直升机发现和与丈夫重逢后的喜悦5.恰当使用连接词和过渡语，连接成文Paragraph 1：But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. She felt very sad but she knew that she didnt dar
27、e to give up because in the forest maybe there were a lot of dangerous animals hiding around her.So she continued to climb.Dragging herself along in an awkward walk, she found a stone a mile away.It took her an hour to get there.To her great joy, she got some water to drink and some wild fruit to ea
28、t.Feeling very tired, she soon fell asleep.Paragraph 2：It was daybreak when Jane woke up. She thought, “Im going to be found today.Or Im going to die.” She made her way to a flat rock nearby the lake, a good place to be spotted with her yellow blouse.For three hours.No helicopters.Then she thought o
29、f a special way that she learned.It was fire that could draw the helicopters attention.So she made a fire and a lot of smoke arose in the sky.It was not long before a helicopter appeared above in the sky.Maybe, her husband, Tom, had told the rescuing team that she was in danger.【典型例题2】阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所
30、给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day.As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car.He tried again and again but couldnt get the car moving.Arthur turned and looked
31、 inside at the face of a young man who looked worried.Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like youve got a problem，” Arthur said.“Im afraid so.Im in a big hurry and I cant start my car.”“Is there something I can do to help？” Arthur asked.The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and
32、 then said, “Thanks.If youre sure it wouldnt be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”“No trouble at all.Id be glad to help.”The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat.After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one.Just as Ar
33、thur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.It was from the bank.There had been a robbery (抢劫)!Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before.Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions.Cars s
34、topped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank.People asked each other, “What happened？” But everyone had a different answer.Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.She looked at the suitcase and then at h
35、im.Arthur was surprised.“Why is she looking at me like that？” He thought.“The suitcase! She thinks Im the bank thief！”Arthur looked around at the crowd of people.He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run.Paragraph 1：As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting be
36、hind, “Stop, stop！” Paragraph 2：The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur.解题演示第一步：归纳文本大意，推断叙述意图 Arthur在上班途中，帮助一个年轻人将手提箱从车上拿下送到出租车上，而此时银行的警报响起，提着箱子的Arthur以为自己被当成是抢劫犯，拔腿就跑。本文旨在讲述一个有趣的故事，因而续写部分应与该叙事意图一致，也应该是有趣的。第二步：根据段落开头语，确定续写方向 根据两段开头语中的“heard the young man shouting behind，Stop, stop
37、！”和“The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station”可猜测，续写第一段应描写Arthur坐上出租车要求出租车司机开往警察局。又根据第二段首句中的the Police Station，结合原文第一段第一句中的funny thing和原文中提到的the young man可预测，第二段应该描述Arthur原认为的银行抢劫案件，结果却是一场乌龙。第三步：根据关键信息，确定续写细节 根据以上已知关键信息，可以勾勒出以下细节：Arthur认为年轻人是银行抢劫犯，看到年轻人在后面追赶，因此立刻跳上出租车，要求出租车司机飞速开往警察局，而到了警察局后，在向
38、警官报告时，年轻人赶来，说箱子里只是行李而已。Arthur在看到箱子中的行李后，尴尬不已。第四步：调整写作语言，完成读后续写 原文有大量的动作描写，也有环境和心理描写。在调整语言时，可以通过各种准确的词汇描写Arthur的动作、神态和心理。例如在续写部分第一段可利用具体的动作，描写Arthur飞速跑开，拦下出租车，跳上出租车等一连串的动作。范文Paragraph 1：As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop！” Thinking of the way the young man had
39、behaved, he realized the young man might be the bank robber.So Arthur ran faster and stopped a taxi.The moment he got into the taxi, he told the driver the man shouting behind was the bank thief and asked him to drive to the nearest Police Station.The driver followed what Arthur said and drove away.
40、Paragraph 2：The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur thanked the driver and directly went in.Just as Arthur was describing what had happened near the bank on the Park Avenue and reported the young man to the police, he heard a voice outside, “Help! Help！” To the surprise of Arthur,
41、 it was the young man.He had followed Arthur in another taxi.It turned out that the young man was innocent and inside the suitcases were just some clothes.Arthur felt embarrassed but the policemen thanked him anyway.附：评分标准(一) 评分原则1本题总分为 25 分，按七个档次给分。 2评分时， 应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为： (1)续写内容的质量、完整性以
42、及与原文情境的融洽度。(2)所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。(3)上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。 3评分时， 先根据作答的整体情况初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。4评分时还应注意： (1)词数少于120 的，酌情扣分； (2)书写较差，以致影响交际的，酌情扣分； (3)单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写和词汇用法均可接受。 (二)各档次的给分范围和要求档次描述第七档 (2225分)创造了新颖、丰富、合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高； 使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构
43、，表达流畅，语言错误少，且完全不影响理解； 自然有效地使用了段落间、语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，前后呼应，意义连贯。续表档次描述第六档 (1821分) 创造了比较丰富、合理的内容，比较有逻辑性，续写比较完整，与原文情境融洽度较高； 使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达比较流畅，有个别错误，但不影响理解； 比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。 第五档(1517分) 创造了基本合理的内容，有一定的逻辑性，续写基本完整，与原文情境相关； 使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达方式不够多样性，表达有些许错误，但基本不影响理解； 使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，
44、意义比较连贯。 第四档(1114分) 创造了基本完整的故事内容，但有的情节不够合理或逻辑性不强，与原文情景基本相关； 使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有部分语言错误和不恰当之处， 个别部分影响理解； 尚有语句衔接的意识，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。第三档 (610分) 内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题，续写不够完整，与原文有一定程度脱节； 所使用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误较多且比较低级，影响理解； 未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不够清晰，意义欠连贯。第二档 (15分) 内容和逻辑上有较多重大问题，或有部分内容抄自原文，续写不完整，与原文情景基本脱节； 所使用的词汇非常有限，语法结构单调，错误极多，严重影响理解； 几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不够清晰，意义不连贯。第一档 (0分)未作答；所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法判断； 所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。
