1、Unit 4 第3课时.单项填空从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。1(2007北京)He is a student at Oxford University，_for a degree in computer science.Astudied BstudyingCto have studied Dto be studying答案：B主语He与study之间为主动关系，此处现在分词作伴随状语，不定式常表示目的和结果，所以不合适。2(2007四川)Peter received a letter just now_his grandma would come to see him
2、 soon.Asaid BsaysCsaying Dto say答案：Cletter与say之间为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作定语相当于定语从句which said。3(2007天津)The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_in the natural light during the day.Ato let BlettingClet Dhaving let答案：BThe glass doors与let之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语表示一种自然而然的结果；不定式表示出乎意外或不愿出现
3、的结果，所以A项不合适。4(2007湖南)As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not_， and asked myself what I was going to do.Amoved BmovingCto move Dbeing moved答案：B分析一下可知stood与ask为并列动作，而not move则是当时的状态，主语与move为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。5(2007陕西)_that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her.ATo have
4、said BHaving saidCTo say DSaying答案：B此处需要用分词作状语表示让步意义，主句主语与say之间为主动关系，而且说这一动作发生在过去，所以用完成式更合适。6(2006江苏30)Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always_the same thing.AsayingBsaidCto say Dhaving said答案：A题意：每当有人问他为何迟到时，他总会心不在焉地回答，说相同的事情。现在分词(短语)在句中担任伴随状语。7(2006全国232
5、)_and happy, Tony stood up and accepted and prize.ASurprising BSurprisedCBeing surprised DTo be surprising答案：B题意：托尼又惊又喜，站起来接受奖品。本题考查过去分词短语(或形容词短语)在句中担任状语。短语surprised and happy与句子的主语Tony之间构成“系表”结构，此时其前不能采用being。注意：由过去分词转化而来的形容词在句中担任状语或后置定语时，不能和being连用。例如： Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car i
6、n front of him.陷入沉思，他差一点撞到前面的车上。(原因状语) The girl dressed in white is my cousin.身穿白衣的那个女孩是我表妹。(后置定语)8(2006四川33)_with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.AFaced BFaceCFacing DTo face答案：A题意：面对如此多的困难，我们没有准时完成任务。过去分词短语在句中担任原因状语，转化为原因状语从句为：As we were faced with so much trouble，.；其中，be f
7、aced with表示“面对，面临”；例如：You are faced with choices.你面临选择。注意：由过去分词转化而来的形容词在句中担任状语或后置定语时，不能和being连用。9(2006陕西17)Faced with a bill for $10,000，_.AJohn has taken an extra jobBthe boss has given John an extra jobCan extra job has been takenDan extra job has been given to John答案：A题意：面临着10,000美元的债务，约翰兼职又做了一份工
8、作。非谓语动词(短语)作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。面对债务的人应该是约翰而不是“老板”或“工作”。10(2006湖北34)Dont sit there _nothing. Come and help me with this table.Ado Bto doCdoing Dand doing答案：C题意：不要坐在那儿无所事事，过来帮我搬桌子。现在分词短语doing nothing在句中担任伴随状语。本题的Dont sit there.是一个简单句，一个单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。既然这里的sit已经是一个谓语动词了，就不能再出现第二个谓语动词，所以要将动词do变成分词doing，与句子
9、的主语(you)构成逻辑上的主谓关系。11(2006浙江5)When_different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.Acompared Bbeing comparedCcomparing Dhaving compared答案：C题意：在比较不同的文化时，我们通常只是注意其差异，而忽视了它们的许多相似之处。本题考查状语从句的省略，补充完整为：When we compare different cultures，.；本题也可以理解为现
10、在分词短语作时间状语。动词compare与主语we构成逻辑上的主谓关系，采用现在分词表示主动。12(2006安徽21)My cousin came to see me from the country，_me a full basket of fresh fruits.Abrought BbringingCto bring Dhad brought答案：B题意：表兄从乡下来看我，给我带来了一篮子新鲜的水果。现在分词短语bring me a full basket of fresh fruits在句中作伴随状语，表示与谓语动作同时发生的一个主动动作。13(2006上海40)_automatica
11、lly(自动地)the email will be received by all the club members.AMailed out BMailing outCTo be mailed out DHaving mailed out答案：A题意：这封电子邮件自动发出，俱乐部的所有成员都能收到。本题考查分词作方式状语。动词mail的逻辑主语是句子的主语email，邮件是被寄出地，所以采用过去分词表示“被动”和“完成”的含义，故选A。注意：不定式短语在句中只能担任“目的状语” “原因状语”和“结果状语”。14(2005山东27)Oil prices have risen by 32 perc
12、ent since the start of the year，_a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.Ahave reached BreachingCto reach Dto be reaching答案：B题意：自从年初以来，石油的价格已经上涨了32%，四月份达到创纪录的每桶57.65美元的价格。现在分词作结果状语，表示一个自然而然的结果；例如：He fired, wounding one of the bandits. 他开了枪，打伤了其中一个匪徒。不定式作结果状语，表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果；例如：I awoke to find my tru
13、ck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。15(2005全国320)“You cant catch me ！”Janet shouted，_away.Arun BrunningCto run Dran答案：B题意：“你抓不住我！”珍妮特喊叫着跑远了。现在分词running在句中作伴随状语，表示一个与谓语动词shouted同时发生的主动动作。例如：Holding the rope with one hand, he stretched out the other to the boy in the water.他一只手拉着绳子，把另一只手伸给水中的男孩。16(2005上海36)More and m
14、ore people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays，_advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.Ataking BtakenChaving taken Dhaving been taken答案：A题意：如今越来越多的人报名参加瑜伽课程，充分利用健康和放松所带来的益处。take advantage of sth.make full use of sth.put sth. to good use表示“利用，利用的机会，充分利用”；例如：They took full advantage of t
15、he hotels facilities.他们充分利用旅馆的设备。本题考查分词作伴随状语；take advantage of与句子的主语people之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以采用现在分词表示一个与谓语动词同时发生的动作。17(2005广东24)He glanced over at her，_that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.Ahaving noted BnotedCto note Dnoting答案：D题意：他瞥了她一眼，注意到尽管她身材纤弱，但似乎小巧玲珑。分词(短语)在句中担任方式或伴随状语(通常位于
16、句末)。此外，句子的主语he与动作note之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，应采用现在分词作状语，表示一个与谓语动词glanced at同时发生的动作。18(2005重庆26)Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together，_fun.Ahad BhaveCto have Dhaving答案：D题意：爸爸并不介意我们做什么，只要我们一起玩得高兴就行。在as long as引导的条件状语从句中，现在分词短语having fun作伴随状语，表示一个与从句谓语动词were together同时发生的主动动作。 19(2005湖北
17、26)_from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.ABeing separatedBHaving separatedCHaving been separatedDTo be separated答案：C题意：与其它的大陆分离了数百万年的时间，澳大利亚拥有世界上其它国家所没有的许多生物物种。本题考查分词作原因状语，句子的主语Australia与动作separate之间构成逻辑上的被动关系；
18、排除选项B。此外， 分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，尤其是时间状语for millions of years的存在，决定了现在分词必须采用完成式。本句可转化为原因状语从句As it has been separated from other continents for millions of years，.20(2005福建33)When _help, one often says“Thank you.” or“Its kind of you.”Aoffering Bto offerCto be offered Doffered答案：D题意：当得到来自他人的帮助时，我们常常说“谢谢。”或“
19、谢谢你。”本题考查时间状语的省略。补充完整为：When he or she is offered help, one often says“Thank you” or“Its very kind of you”此外也可以理解为分词作时间状语，句子的主语one与动作offer之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，采用过去分词作状语。注意：分词作状语时，前面可加上when, while, after, before, since等。21(2005江西31)The manager，_it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room
20、.Awho has made Bhaving madeCmade Dmaking答案：B题意：经理向我们表明他不同意我们的观点后，就离开了会议室。本题考查分词在句中担任时间状语。现在分词的完成式having made在句中作时间状语，表示一个发生在谓语动作left之前的主动动作，并且与句子的主语the manager构成逻辑上的主谓关系。选项A可修改为who had made，构成非限制性定语从句。22“We can t go out in this weather，” said Bob，_out of the window.Alooking Bto lookClooked Dhaving l
21、ooked答案：A题意：鲍勃双眼盯着窗外，说道“在这种天气状况下，我们不能外出。”分词(短语)在句中担任伴随状语。此外，动词look与句子的主语Bob在逻辑上构成主谓关系，且与谓语动词said同时发生，应采用现在分词的一般式。23_the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.ANot completing BNot completedCNot having completed DHaving not completed答案：C题意：节目没有完成，他们被迫在那儿又待了两周的时间。本题考查分词作原因状语，现在分词表示的动
22、作complete先于谓语动作stay发生，现在分词要用完成式；此外，非谓语动词的否定形式都是在前面加not，排除选项D。24The old man，_abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.Ato work BworkingCto have worked Dhaving worked答案：D题意：在海外工作了20年后，那位老人即将重返祖国。本题考查现在分词的完成式在句中担任时间状语，相当于时间状语从句：After he has worked abroad for twenty years, .注意：不定式在句
23、中只作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语，不作其它状语。25_in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.ATo wait BHave waitedCHaving waited DTo have waited答案：C题意：排队等候了半个小时后，汤姆突然意识到他把钱包忘在家中了。本题考查现在分词的完成式在句中担任时间状语，相当于时间状语从句：After he (had) waited in the queue for half an hour，.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从
24、每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。As you know, different countries have different customs. Also there are many gestures showing many meanings in many countries. Here are a few examples of gestures. A fisherman in Britain will show the size of a fish he has caught by holding his two hands, palms(手掌)facing e
25、ach other, the right distance apart in front of him. But the one from certain part of Africa will measure of the size along his left arm with his right hand. In Britain the gesture to show the number“one”is made by holding up the index finger(the second finger), but in Switzerland it is the thumbthe
26、 first finger which is held up. Some people point at objects with fingers, others by sticking out the lips. The gesture for“come here”is made in Britain with the index finger, which is held, pointing upwards, at eye level and bent towards the body; in Egypt the hand is held at arms length, palm down
27、wards, and the fingers are then bent.The difference between the movements is very important, and the meanings of the same gesture may be opposite in different countries. It may bring trouble to those not well known with it.1This message is mainly about_.Adifferent people in different countriesBhow t
28、o understand the gestures in BritainCthe different gesturesDhow to show a gesture in Egypt答案：C本文列举一些不同手势语的例子来表明手势语在不同国家所表示的意义也不同。2Which of the following gestures shows the number“one”in Switzerland?答案：B根据文中“.but in Switzerland it is the thumbthe first finger which is held up.”可判断出B项为正确的姿势。3Sometimes
29、 the difference between the movements in different countries may bring about_to you.Aa good luck Ba new worldCan ill effect Dhappiness答案：C根据文章倒数第一、二句可知，不同的手势语在不同的国家所表示的意义不同，如果不了解它们的不同就会带来麻烦。4According to the passage we should_.Alook before we leapBpick and chooseCstrike while iron is hotDdo in Rome as the Romans do答案：D本文通过讲述手势语所表达的意义，可得出D项“do in Rome as the Romans do(入乡随俗)”为最佳选项，而非“三思而后行”“挑三拣四”“趁热打铁”。
