1、Unit 5First aid1aid(n.& vt.)帮助；援助；资助2temporary(adj.)暂时的；临时的3bleed(vi.& vt.)流血4choke(vi.& vt.)(使)噎住；(使)窒息5poison(n.)毒药；毒害(vt.)毒害；使中毒6squeeze(vt.& vi.)榨；挤；压榨7pour(vt.& vi.)倒；灌；注；涌8injury(n.)损伤；伤害injure(v.)9variety(n.)变化；多样(化)；多变(性)various(adj.)各种各样的10mild(adj.)轻微的；温和的；温柔的mildly(adv.)轻微地；温和地11swell(vi.
2、& vt.)(使)膨胀；隆起swollen(adj.)肿胀的12tight(adj.)牢的；紧的；紧密的tightly(adv.)紧地；牢牢地13firm(adj.)(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的firmly(adv.)坚固地；稳定地14treat(vt.& vi.)治疗；对待；款待；(n.)款待；招待treatment(n.)治疗；疗法；对待；待遇15apply(vt.)涂；敷；搽；应用；运用；(vi.)申请；请求；使用；有效applicant(n.)申请人application(n.)申请(书)16pressure(n.)压力；挤压；压迫(感)press(v.)挤压；压迫1first_aid急
3、救2electric_shock触电；电休克3over_and_over_again反复；多次4a_number_of若干；许多5carry_out进行，开展6fall_ill生病7squeeze_out榨出；挤出8in_place在适当的位置；适当9put_ones_hands_on找到10make_a_difference有影响，产生差别11take_off脱下，起飞1Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服紧贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。名
4、师指津：unless引导条件状语从句。例句仿写：要是没有充分准备的话，户外运动有时会意味着受伤。Unless_one_is_fully_prepared，outdoor sports can sometimes mean injuries.2John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到一声尖叫。名师指津：be doing.when.正在做这时。例句仿写： 我刚走出浴室，正忙着用毛巾擦干身体，这时我听到了脚步声。I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was
5、 busily drying myself with a towel when_I_heard_the_steps.3It was Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slades life.正是约翰的快速反应和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。名师指津：It was.that.为强调句型。例句仿写：我现在工作的地方正是我父亲曾经工作的地方。It_is where my father used to work that I am working now.4There is no doubt that Johns qu
6、ick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life.毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校所学的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士得救了。名师指津：Theres no doubt that.毫无疑问。例句仿写：毋庸置疑，全球变暖对我们所有人的安全都是一个威胁。There_is_no_doubt_that global warming is a security threat to us all.aid n& vt.帮助，援助；资助(朗文P43)I didnt speak any French，but
7、a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.我不会法语，但是一个好心人走过来帮忙，告诉我到哪里去。(1)(2)We are collecting money in_aid_of the people who have lost their homes in the earthquake.我们正集资以资助那些在地震中失去家园的人。Often the illness or injury is not serious，but there are other times when giving/doing_first_aid quickly ca
8、n save lives.一般情况下，疾病或者伤不是很严重，但是也有一些时候快速的实施急救能够救命。I aided the poor girl in continuing her study.我帮助这个可怜的女孩继续她的学业。vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的教材原句P35：If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。(1)be vital
9、 for/to sth.对极重要的(2)在It is vital that句型中，that从句的谓语常用虚拟语气，即(should)动词原形。(牛津P2248)It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are selfemployed.干个体记账要准确是十分重要的。In my opinion，reading is of_vital_importance in language learning.依我看来，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。Its vital that we should never lower safety standard
10、s as life is the most important in the world.我们绝不能降低安全标准，这是至关重要的，因为在世界上生命是最宝贵的。treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待；n.款待；招待(2013浙江卷)There are some health problems that，when not treated in time，can become bigger ones later on.有一些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，以后就会酿成大问题。(1)(2)Its my treat.我请客。(2010重庆卷)Now I try to treat_everyone_wit
11、h respect，no matter who I think they are.我认为，不管他们是谁，现在我尽量尊重每一个人。The way (that/in which) the guests are treated in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.招待客人的方式会影响到他们对饭店服务的评价。Lets go out for dinnermy_treat this time.咱们出去吃饭吧！这次我请客。apply v应用；运用；申请；请求(2013山东卷阅读理解)He has a good heart，but a
12、lways feared applying for a new job.他有一颗善良的心，但总是担心申请一份新工作。apply for申请，请求apply to sb.for sth.向某人申请某物apply to适用于apply oneself to致力于，集中精力于Please clean the wound with a clean cloth and then apply the medicine to it.请用一块清洁的布清洗伤口，然后把药涂到上面。(2011重庆书面表达)In order to increase peoples awareness of protecting po
13、lar bears，I apply_for the spokesman for polar bears sincerely.为了增强人们保护北极熊的意识，我真诚地申请做北极熊的代言人。Its vital that the theory (should) be applied to practice，or it could just be something useless.理论应用于实践，否则它可能只是无用的东西，这一点儿是至关重要的。The old man manages to enrich his own cultural life，applying_himself_to learning
14、 English.那位老人致力于学习英语来充实自己的文化生活。.完成句子1She_the international school_(向应聘一位工作)as an English teacher.答案：applied to；for a job2As far as Im concerned，Richard_(至关重要) the teams success.答案：is vital to3The medical team left the village with great satisfaction，_(治疗了许多当地村民后)答案：having treated a lot of local vill
15、agers4_(在英语老师的帮助下)，I have made great progress in English.答案：With the aid/help of my English teacher5More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers_(大量的不同商品)答案：a great variety of goods.6The football fans_(涌出) the stadium cheering wildly.答案：poured out of.单项填空1It is not what you lear
16、n by reading this article that_the most，but how you apply this knowledge.AcountsBappliesCstressesDfunctions解析：考查动词辨析。句意为：重要的不是通过阅读这篇文章你能学到什么，而是你怎样应用这些知识。count重要，有价值，符合句意。答案：A2(2014山东临沂一模)On completing the courses，the teacher will have earned the qualification to _a teaching license in Thailand.Aappl
17、y forBtake overCturn away Dwork out解析：句意为：完成课程，老师就将有资格在泰国申请教学资格证了。apply for申请；take over接管；turn away拒绝；work out制定出，计算出。根据语意应该选A项。答案：A3(2012安徽卷)Interest is as_to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.Avital BavailableCspecificDsimilar解析：考查形容词词义辨析。vital意为“极重要的”。句意为：兴趣对学习来说和理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。答
18、案：A4(2013四级英语)Being out of work，Lane can no longer_friends to dinners and movies as she used to.AurgeBtreatCappealDcompel解析：句意为：因为失业了，Lane不再像以往那样招待他的朋友用餐和看电影。treat sb.to sth.招待某人，款待某人。答案：B5(2014浙大附中高三质检)Millions of people are still homeless.Besides，there isnt the most basic_from the Red Cross.Amedic
19、ineBequipmentCaidDmaterial解析：句意为：数百万人仍然无家可归，此外，连来自红十字会的最基本的救助都没有。aid帮助，援助，符合句意。medicine医药，医学；equipment设备；material材料。答案：Cin place在适当的位置；适当(牛津P1507)All the arrangements are now in place for their visit.他们来访的一切都安排就绪了。out of place不适当的in ones place处在某人的位置上take the place of sb.take ones place代替某人的位置Dont t
20、ake anything away.Father likes everything to be in_place.不要拿走任何东西，父亲喜欢所有的东西都井井有条。Being poor，he felt completely out of place among those rich people.他出生贫寒，处在富人圈中让他感到很不适宜。If I had been in your place，I might have accepted the invitation.我要是处在你的位置，我可能接受了这份邀请。make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用教材原句P38：It s
21、hows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。(1)make no difference (to sb./sth.)对某人/物没有作用或影响，对某人/物不重要make some difference (to sb./sth.)对某人/物有些作用或影响(2)tell the difference 分辨，区分，区别It isnt what you have done but what you will do that makes_a_difference.重要的不是你做了什么而是你将
22、要做什么。(牛津P553)Your age shouldnt make any difference to whether you get the job or not.你能否得到这个工作与年龄无关。Believe it or not，it makes_no_difference_to_me what you say.信不信由你，你说什么对我没关系。.完成句子1My writing career_(成功；走红) when I discovered my own style.答案：took off2We took a trip to Beijing last week and my cousin
23、_(担任我们的向导)答案：acted as our guide3Though I have warned him of danger_(反复)，he just has deaf ears.答案：over and over again4Youd better put the books back_(在适当的位置)Otherwise，it would not be easy to find them next time.答案：in place5When I cut one of my fingers yesterday，I couldnt_(找到) any bandages at home.答案：
24、put my hands on6Living in a polluted environment，people may_(生病) easily.答案：fall ill.单项填空1(2014厦门质检)With housing prices rising sharply，buying an apartment is_for young couples.Aout of controlBout of sightCout of reachDout of place解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意为：随着房价的急剧上涨，对于年轻夫妻而言买房已遥不可及。out of reach遥不可及的，符合句意。out of
25、 control无法管理，失去控制；out of sight看不见；out of place位置不当，不得体。答案：C2How do you like your new roommate，Kate?She is a tidy girl and likes to have everything_.Ain detailBin placeCin realityDin total解析：由tidy可知，她喜欢把一切各就各位。in place在适当的位置，符合语境。in detail详细地；in reality实际上；in total总共。答案：B3Does he know which team wins
26、?No，it makes no_to him which team wins，because he doesnt care about it at all.AdifferentBdifferenceCattentionDexcuse解析：no后接名词，排除A；attention要与动词pay搭配；make excuse to“向某人道歉”，不合题意；make no difference to sb.意为“对某人没有影响”。答案：B4You have to be accurate in this job，because a small mistake can make a big_.Adiffe
27、renceBdifficultyCtroubleDchange解析：make a (some，no，etc.) difference有(一些，没有什么)作用、关系、影响。答案：ARemove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服紧贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。unless是连词，意为“除非，如果不”，引导的是一个肯定条件状语从句，从句有时可以与if.not.引导的否定状语从句互换。It is known to all that unless_you_exe
28、rcise_regularly，you wont keep fit.众所周知，除非你有规律地锻炼，否则身体不会健康。We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or its very cold.除非下雨或天很冷，我们将在本周日去公园野餐。Unless_youve_tried_it，you cant imagine how pleasant it is.除非你尝试一下，否则你无法想像那是多么令人愉快。John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房
29、间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。when在此作并列连词用，意为“正在这时；那时”。be doing.when.正在这时be about to do.when.正打算做这时be just going to do.when.正要这时be on the point of doing.when.正要这时had just done.when刚就在这时We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。I was_about_to_go_out_when the telephone rang.我正打算出去
30、，这时电话响了。 The professor had just finished his speech when students rushed out of the classroom.教授刚结束了演讲，学生们冲出了教室。.完成句子1The little boy wont go to sleep_(除非妈妈给他讲故事)答案：unless his mother tells him a story2She_(正在练习冲浪，这时突然) a shark struck her，biting off her left arm.答案：was practising surfing when3Im afrai
31、d that it will rain tomorrow._(假如下雨的话)，we wont be able to hold our football match.答案：If so.单项填空1(2013湖南省部分重点中学5月联考)The woman teacher，together with her pupils，was crossing the street_a heavy truck drove towards them.AunlessBonceCuntilDwhen解析：考查连词。句意为：那个女教师正和她的学生过马路，这时一辆大货车向他们驶来。when表示“当时”，符合句意。答案：D2(
32、2014哈尔滨师范大学附属中学月考)All of the clothes in the shop are sold at half price，_otherwise noted.AasBifCuntilDunless解析：考查连词。句意为：商店里所有的衣服均半价销售，除非另有说明。根据句意可知，空处表示“除非”。答案：D3(2014南开中学综合训练)It is fashionable to drive a car，but it can in turn cause a lot of traffic problems when you dont _the specialized rules.Agi
33、ve inBstick toCput awayDgive out解析：考查动词短语辨析。stick to坚持，遵守；give in屈服，让步；put away收起来；give out发出，精疲力竭。根据句意“不遵守交通规则，就会带来很多交通问题”，可知答案为B项。答案：Binjury n损伤；伤害；伤do an injury to.对造成伤害Falling off the bike did an injury to his left leg.从自行车上掉下来伤到了他的左腿。poison n毒药；毒害；vt.毒害；使中毒Gases from cars are poisoning the air
34、of our cities.汽车放出的废气在污染我们城市的空气。pour vt.& vi.灌，倒，注，倾泻；蜂拥而来；大量投入资金；n.倾泻The fans poured out of the stadium cheering wildly.体育爱好者们欣喜若狂地从体育场中蜂拥而出。【写作素材】1毫无疑问，懂得一些急救知识很有必要，因为危险无处不在，事故时时发生。2一度烧伤不严重，把伤处放在缓缓流动的自来水下冲洗一会儿就可以了。3二度和三度烧伤较为严重，尽管适当的冷敷(cold compress)可以起一定作用，但重要的是必须马上把患者送到医院。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。【连句成篇】Th
35、ere is no doubt that it is necessary to know some knowledge of first aid as dangers lie everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.The first degree burns are not serious and it is OK to place burns under gently running water for a while.The second and third degree burns are more serious and p
36、roper cold compress can make some difference，but it is vital to get the victim to hospital at once.省略1(2014陕西咸阳高考模拟考试二)Just now the patient opened her mouth as if_something to her husband.AsaidBsayCto sayDto have said解析：考查省略。句意为：刚刚那病人张开她的嘴，似乎要对他的丈夫说些什么。分析句子成分可知，此处为as if引导的状语从句，补充完整为：as if she was to
37、 say something to her husband，此处省略了主语和be动词。答案：C2(2014哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁实验中学一联)Hi，are you an engineer in Lenovo Group?No，but I_.Awant toBwant to beCwant soDwant it解析：考查省略。答话人想成为联想集团的工程师。答语是：“ No，but I want to be an engineer in Lenovo Group，”的省略形式。当不定式有be时，be不可省略。答案：B3(2014济宁模拟)As is often the case，littl
38、e Tom，if_，is most likely to stop crying soon.Aleft ignoringBleft ignoredCleaving ignoringDleaving ignored解析：考查省略。句意为：如果听之任之，小Tom可能很快停止哭泣，通常就是这样。句子补充完整为：if he is left ignored (if we leave him ignored)，此处ignored表示被动含义。答案：B4(2013北京西城二模)A person，when_，can often do what is normally beyond his ability.Ach
39、allengedBchallengesCchallengingDto challenge解析：考查省略。句意为：当一个人遇到挑战时，他往往能够做超越他能力的事情。时间状语从句补充完整为“when he is challenged”。答案：A5(2014佳木斯一中高三第四次调研)He is ready to help others，seldom，_refusing them when they turn to him.Aif neverBif everCif notDif any解析：考查省略句的用法。句意为：他乐于助人，如果有人向他求助被拒绝的话，那也很少。if ever相当于if he ev
40、er refuses to help others。答案：B课时作业(二十五)Unit 5First aid(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)第六讲“戴着面纱”的“事实”型细节理解题所谓细节理解题，是指文章提到了与某个题相关的时间、地点、人物或事件。破解“事实”型细节理解题就像是在揭开一层面纱。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类型试题的关键，也是做好其他类型试题的基础。换句话说，该类型试题大部分都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或者转换了说法的句子。解题中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的事实性材料，其实在一篇文章里，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。 (2013
41、山东卷)George Gershwin，born in 1898，was one of Americas greatest composers.He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.Many of Gershwins songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City.Th
42、ese plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s.Many of his songs have remained popular as ever.Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible wayfrom jazz to country.In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music.Could jazz，some people a
43、sked，be considered serious music？In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music.Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it.And in that short time，he compo
44、sed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue.Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert.The audience were thrilled when they heard his music.It made him worldfamous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.In 1928，Gershwin went to Paris.He applied to
45、 study composition (作曲) with the wellknown musician Nadia Boulanger，but she rejected him.She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazzinfluenced style.While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris.When it was first performed，critics (评论家) were divided over the music.Some called it happy
46、and full of life，to others it was silly and boring.But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States.It still remains one of his most famous works.George Gershwin died in 1937，just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer.He was only thirtynine years old.Newspapers all over the wor
47、ld reported his death on their front pages.People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.语篇解读本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了美国最伟大的作曲家之一乔治格什温的几件奇闻逸事。他的许多作品是为纽约的音乐剧创作的。在保罗惠特曼举办的证明爵士乐是严肃音乐的音乐会上，乔治格什温写了Rhapsody in Blue(蓝色狂想曲)并亲自演奏，迷倒了观众。1928年他去巴黎，想师从Nadia Boulanger，但被拒绝，因为她怕毁了他在爵士乐方面的天资。
48、在巴黎期间，乔治格什温写了An American in Paris(一个美国人在巴黎)。它首次被演奏，褒贬不一，但它现在依旧是他最著名的作品之一。乔治格什温于1937年死于脑癌。1Many of Gershwins musical works were_.Awritten about New YorkersBcomposed for Paul WhitemanCplayed mainly in the countrysideDperformed in various ways解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句Many of Gershwins songs were first writte
49、n for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City.可知乔治的多数歌曲是给音乐剧写的，不是写关于纽约人的，可排除选项A；同时知道这些歌曲是在纽约市演奏的，不是在农村演奏的，可排除选项C；这些歌也不是单为保罗一人写的，可排除选项B；再根据第二段最后一句Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible wayfrom jazz to country.可知他的作品被以各种形式演奏，故选择D项。答案：D2What do we know about the co
50、ncert organized by Whiteman?AIt attracted more people to theatres.BIt proved jazz could be serious music.CIt made Gershwin leader of the orchestra.DIt caused a debate among jazz musicians.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music.可知这是惠特曼举办音乐会的原因，不是举办音乐会
51、的结果，因此排除选项D；根据第三段中的最后一句.showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.可知本次音乐会最终证明了爵士乐是严肃音乐，故选项B符合题意；根据第三段中的Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert.知格什温在音乐会上弹奏钢琴，但并未成为乐队的领导，可排除选项C；“吸引更多的观众到剧院”并未在文中提及，因此排除选项A。答案：B3What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris? AHe created one of hi
52、s best works. BHe studied with Nadia Boulanger. CHe argued with French critics. DHe changed his music style.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris.以及本段最后一句It still remains one of his most famous works.可知格什温在巴黎时写了他的著名作品之一一个美国人在巴黎，因此选项A为正确答案。根据第四段中“他想跟着Nadia Boulanger学习，但她拒绝了他
53、(but she rejected him)”，可知选项B是错误的；第四段后半部分提到了评论家对他作品的争论，但他未与法国的评论家们争论，因此选项C是错误的；文中并未提到他在巴黎时改变自己的音乐风格，因此选项D是错误的。答案：A4What do we learn from the last paragraph? AMany of Gershwins works were lost. BThe death of Gershwin was widely reported. CA concert was held in memory of Gershwin. DBrain cancer resear
54、ch started after Gershwins death.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.可知他的去世被广泛报道，故选项B符合题意。“他的大部分作品失传”“举行音乐会纪念格什温”以及“在格什温去世后脑癌研究开始”在文中均未提及。答案：B5Which of the following best describes Gershwin? ATalented and productive.BSerious and boring. CPopular and
55、 unhappy.DFriendly and honest.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.可推知他很有天赋 (talented)；再根据During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.可推知他是一位多产作曲家，故答案选A。答案：A 做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如真题示例第2题为细节理解题，由第三段第三句“In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music.”可知，保尔怀特曼决定组织一场特殊音乐会证明爵士乐是一种严肃的音乐形式，故B项正确。
