1、第二部分 专题十二 第4讲词义猜测题(二)A(2016四川绵阳高三二诊)Loneliness is like a disease, and whats worse, its contagious. It can spread from one person to another, according to the recent research that stresses the power of one persons emotions to affect even people they dont know.The new analysis, involving 4,793 people
2、who were interviewed every two years between 2005 and 2015, showed that a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness by the time of the next interview. A friend of that person was 25% more likely, and a friend of a friend of a friend was 15% more likely.“Loneline
3、ss is not just the property of an individual. It can be transmitted across peopleeven people you dont have direct contact with，” said John T. Cacioppo, a psychologist of University of Chicago who led the study published in the December issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.Loneli
4、ness has been linked to medical problems, including depression, sleep problems and generally poorer physical health. Identifying some of the causes could help reduce the emotion and improve health, experts said.Although the study did not examine how loneliness spreads, Cacioppo said another research
5、 has provided clues. “Lets say for whatever reason you get lonely. You then interact with other people in a more negative fashion. That puts them in a negative mood and makes them more likely to interact with other people in a negative fashion and they minimize their social ties and become lonely，”
6、Cacioppo said.According to Cacioppo, loneliness spreads more easily among women than men, perhaps because women are more likely to express emotions.Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friendsand more likely that society will r
7、eject them. Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. Cacioppo emphasizes people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.体裁：说明文题材：科普知识主题：孤独具有传染性语篇导读：本文讲述了孤独产生的原因及处理的方法。1It can be concluded from the first paragraph that
8、_.Aloneliness spreads in social networksBemotions are only transmitted between friendsCmore and more people are suffering from lonelinessDloneliness is actually a kind of disease【解析】A推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，孤独就像一种疾病，更糟糕的是，它有传染性，故选A项。2According to Cacioppo, lonely people _.Arely heavily on othersBare more
9、 likely to trust othersCare less likely to be rejected by friendsDwill probably be deserted by society【解析】D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、二句可知，由于孤独的人不信任别人，这使得他们更有可能被社会抛弃，故选D项。3The word “minimize” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.AincreaseBreduce CcreateDkeep【解析】B词义猜测题。根据文章第五段最后一句可知，这让他们处于一种负面情绪中，这种情绪使他们更
10、加有可能以一种消极的方式与他人互动，减少与社会的联系，变得孤独。minimize(把减至最小量)与reduce意义相近，故选B项。【状元点拨方法】根据构词法猜测词义在做词义猜测题时，考生可根据前缀或后缀或复合词的各部分猜测词义，如前缀co表示“共同；一起”，un/im表示否定意义；后缀ise/ize表示“使成为；使化”，able表示“能的；具有性质的”，ous表示“具有的；有特征的”，ful表示“充满的”，less表示“无的”等。如本题中的minimize可根据mini表示“(同类中)极小的；极短的”猜测出其含义。4What should lonely people do to get rid
11、 of loneliness?ARefuse the help given by others.BAdmit and try to solve it.CInteract with others more negatively.DExpress emotions more often.【解析】B推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句可知，重要的是承认和正确对待孤独，故选B项。B(2016齐鲁名校教科研协作体高三联考)MERS, also known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, has made its way to the US.The second pat
12、ient was in Orlando, Florida while the first reported case was in Indiana.Tom Frieden, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said the disease has mainly been transmitted(传播) by close personal contact, such as directly caring for a very ill person.The virus is formally called ME
13、RSCoV because its part of the corona virus(冠状病毒) family that includes the common cold and severe SARS. SARS was relatively easy to stop a decade ago, because it was being transmitted by caged animals in Chinese markets. MERSCoV was first identified in people in 2012, but has been spreading rapidly s
14、ince March, 2015.The vast majority of those cases occurred in Saudi Arabia.The patient in Orlando felt ill on the first flight but not ill enough to notify a doctor. Early on May 9, he apparently became concerned that he was still feeling ill, and he went to the emergency room at Dr.P.Phillips Hospi
15、tal. He identified himself as recently having been in Saudi Arabia, so he was quickly isolated to avoid infecting(感染) other patients.Wayne Marasco, an expert at the DanaFarber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, said his biggest concern about MERSCoV is how little we know about it. Its stil
16、l not clear, in some instances, where the virus comes from, how it is transmitted or who is the most subject.体裁：说明文题材：科普知识主题：中东呼吸综合征语篇导读：本文介绍了致命病毒中东呼吸综合征的一些信息。5According to Tom Frieden, how is a person mainly infected by MERS?ABy caged animals.BBy close personal contact.CBy animaltohuman transmissio
17、n.DBy directly caring for a very ill person.【解析】B细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Tom Frieden定位到文章第二段，根据the disease has mainly been transmitted by close personal contact可知，通过人与人之间的亲密接触可以感染上MERS病毒，故选B项。6Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?AThe first MERS patient was found in America.BThe patient in
18、 Orlando was infected when he was taking a plane.CMost MERS cases occurred in the Middle East.DOne problem about MERS is that we dont know which subject it belongs to.【解析】C推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的MERS, also known as Middle East Respiratory Sydrome, 以及第三段最后一句The vast majority of those cases occurred in Saudi
19、Arabia. (大多数病例出现在沙特阿拉伯)可知，C项正确。根据文章第一段中的while the first reported case was in Indiana.可知，报道的第一例中东呼吸综合征病例是在印第安纳，故A项错误；根据文章第四段第一句可知，奥兰多的病人在飞机上感到不适，但是还没有到需要看医生的地步，因此，并不是他此时被感染，故B项不正确；根据文章第三段第一句可知，D项错误，故选C项。7Which can replace the underlined word “isolated” in the fourth paragraph?APunished.BProhibited.CA
20、rrested.DSeparated.【解析】D词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句句意“他承认最近曾经去过沙特阿拉伯，因此他很快被隔离以避免传染其他病人。”可知，该病传染性极强，而且由avoid(避免)可推断，isolate意为“隔离”。punish惩罚；prohibit阻止；arrest逮捕；separate把隔开，使隔开，故选D项。8This passage is written to _.Ainform us of more information about the deadly illness MERSBcaution us against SARSCcall on us to start
21、 a campaign against MERSDappeal to us to understand the medical experts biggest concern about MERSCoV【解析】A推理判断题。根据排除法，B项意为“警告提防SARS”，本文主要讲述的是MERS病毒而非SARS。C、D两项片面而且偏离写作意图；C项意为“号召我们发动一场预防MERS的运动”；D项意为“呼吁我们要理解那位医疗专家对这种病毒的最大的担忧”。故选A项，写该文章是为了让我们更多地了解MERS病毒。C(2016重庆高三适应性测试)We live in a world where the gre
22、at majority of our attentions are focused on what we can see. Whether were watching TV or working on a computer, sight has become the leading sense in modern life. But have we lost touch with our other senses? Dr.Charles Spence of Oxford University thinks so. In his latest report, he argues that the
23、 use of all senses is central to health. However, sensory_deprivation is common in modern life, and it is harmful to our health. Indeed, we take it for granted that most information we use to understand our world comes through our eyes. But our other senses may be suffering. Consider the sense of to
24、uch. According to Dr.Spence, children may grow up “touchhungry” because they are not getting enough tactile(触觉) sensations. He suggests that we put more tactile objects into our schools to help develop this sense. Dr.Spence may be exploring something deeper than our five senses. Life in the industri
25、alized world is often far removed from nature, and it is no accident. For example, whether it is day or night no longer matters as much. Video arcades(电子游乐场) are open around the clock. In modernday casinos(赌场), there are no clocks, no windows. Just the ringing of slot machines and cold hard coins. T
26、he owners there want you to lose track of time, and to be cut off from reality. Ironically, most popular video games are those modeled on reallife experiences. You can surf, snowboard or even fish! But again, you dont feel the rise of the waves, the softness of snow, or the slipperiness of a freshly
27、 caught fish.It is upsetting that on weekends we rush to crowded video arcades for unreal experiences. Theres nothing wrong with a little stimulation, but theres more to life. We mustnt forget to feed our other senses. Right now, theyre starving, and that may not be good for our health.体裁：说明文题材：社会现象
28、主题：感官剥夺语篇导读：本文介绍了在我们现代生活中常见的“感官剥夺”现象，即我们未能充分利用自身的多种感官。9What does the underlined phrase “sensory deprivation” probably refer to?AThe inadequate use of a sense.BThe excessive dependence on one sense.CThe loss of a sense related to poor health.DThe failure for a sense to function properly.【解析】A词义猜测题。根据
29、文章第二段第二句中的the use of all sense is central to health可知，使用所有感官对健康是十分重要的；However表转折，且根据画线短语后的and it is harmful to our health以及第三段第二句可知，sensory deprivation应表示“对某一感官的运用不足，利用不充分”，故选A项。10In addition to the senses, what else is Dr.Spence probably exploring?AThe development of industrialization.BThe availabi
30、lity of various means of entertainment.CThe disconnection between modern life and nature.DThe comfort and ease of life brought by businesses.【解析】C细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句可知，斯彭斯教授还搜索到了现代生活与大自然的分离，故选C项。11What is ironical about video games?APeople could be crazy about them.BThey stop us from contacting the rea
31、l world.CThey enable people to do things they cant do in reality.DPeople turn to the unreal world for the enjoyment of the real one.【解析】D细节理解题。文章第五段主要描述许多电子游戏以真实生活为模板，人们可以在里面冲浪、滑雪或是钓鱼，但是却无法真正感受到海浪的上升、雪花的柔和或是新捕捉来的鱼的滑溜。由此可知，作者觉得“人们在虚拟游戏世界追寻本可在真实世界感受到的乐趣”是让人感到讽刺的。D项“人们转向虚拟世界来寻求真实世界的乐趣”与原文相符，故选D项。12What
32、 is the purpose of the passage?ATo call for a return to the full use of all senses.BTo warn of the danger of modern entertainment.CTo show the consequences of losing other senses.DTo criticize the hunger for profits in the industrialized world.【解析】A推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句以及最后一段第三句(我们不应该忘记我们其他的感官)。可知，作者写作的目的是唤起我们对其他感官的利用。A项(为了呼吁我们重拾对所有感官的充分利用)符合全文主旨，故选A项。
