1、专题练习十七 阅读理解4A(2019吉林省东北师范附中高三第三次模拟)A bookseller in Chongqing has been leaving novels on trains and at stations to inspire more commuters (上下班往返的人) to read, after seeing British actress Emma Watson take part in a similar project in London.Author and bookstore owner Jiang Lin, 29, randomly placed 40 w
2、orks along the citys lightrail system on Sunday. Whoever finds a book can read it in public or take it home, but they are encouraged to leave it again on public transportation once they have finished with it. Jiang said, “I considered the needs of commuters，” he said. “I hope strangers can feel comf
3、orted by the books and feel connected with other readers.”All 40 books were chosen from Jiangs store, Razors Edge Book Club, which he opened in the summer, and included fiction and nonfiction, with topics ranging from art and social sciences to philosophy and history. Jiangs Books on the Chongqing L
4、ight Rail project follows the same model as Books on the Underground, which was started in 2012 and sees “book fairies” leave works on London Tube trains and at stations. Readers are encouraged to share their views on the books. It was revealed on Nov. 1 that Watson, who is bestknown for the Harry P
5、otter movie series, is a book fairy.“After I read the news about her leaving books on the London Tube, I was so inspired that I immediately decided to do something over the weekend，” Jiang said. However, his decision was so spontaneous that he had no time to make the stickers that are usually placed
6、 on each book to identify them as part of the project . Instead, he put a note on the fly page to introduce the concept.To his surprise, one of his friends was among those who found his books and posted a picture on WeChat Moments, a social media function on the instantmessaging app. Jiang said more
7、 than 20 people have since come onboard and are now working on a more detailed than to spread the love of reading. Although increasing numbers of people read on digital devices, books have not totally gone out of fashion. Jiang mentioned that they needed the support from Chonqing Light Rail Co. to e
8、nsure the books to stay there and also hoped the project could be welcomed across the country.重庆的一个书商在地铁上留下了40本书，希望能够激励人们多读书。1Jiang Lin left books on trains or at stations in order to _.Araise money for poor readersBopen a new bookstoreChelp sell more booksDadvocate reading books答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的
9、“A bookseller in Chongqing has been leaving novels on trains and at stations to inspire more commuters (上下班往返的人) to read”可知，他把书放在地铁和车站是为了激励更多的人读书，故选D。2Jiang got inspired to start the project by _.AHarry Potter BWeChat momentsCEmma Watson DRazors Edge Book Club答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“after seeing Britis
10、h actress Emma Watson take part in a similar project in London.”可知，他是看到Emma Watson参加了一个类似的项目后才决定这样做的，故选C。3The underlined word “spontaneous” is closest in meaning to _.Aunplanned BunwiseCfirm Dthoughtful答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据下文的“he had no time to make the stickers”可知，他没有经过仔细的筹备，故选A。4Jiangs attitude towards
11、the future of the project can be best described as _.Apositive BdoubtfulCreserved Dworried答案：A解析：观点态度题。根据最后一句“Jiang mentioned that they needed the support from Chonqing Light Rail Co. to ensure the books to stay there and also hoped the project could be welcomed across the country.”可知，他希望这个项目在全国都能受到
12、欢迎，所以他的态度是很积极的，故选A。B(2019湖南师大附中高三检测)Anyone with a passing interest in their health will be able to rattle_off a few of the major vitamins, and possibly take an educated guess at what they do. Vitamin C, found in oranges and other fruit and vegetables, is important for wound repair. And the muchtalke
13、dabout sunshine Vitamin D, produced by the skin in response to UV light, is essential for strong bones.But Vitamin P? It might well have you scratching your head. And thats not surprising: the term was first coined in the 1930s to describe a small group of compounds that provide pigment (天然色素) to pl
14、ants, and were believed to have health benefits. Fastforward almost a century and these compounds are now better known as flavonoids.Today, scientists have identified between 4,000 and 6,000 different kinds and we now know they are responsible for many of the flavors and smells of fruit and vegetabl
15、es and also that they protect them from invaders such as pests and bacteria.They are equally important nutrients for the body, helping maintain bones and teeth, and for the production of the protein collagen (胶原), which provides structure to blood vessels, muscles and skin.They are also said to help
16、 the body deal with some of the key drivers of illness, including oxidation (氧化), a natural process by which the bodys cells age and can become damaged and defective (有缺陷的). That means they could help to protect against chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease.本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了维生素P以及它对人体的作用。
17、1Which of the following best explains “rattle off” underlined in Paragraph 1?AQuickly say. BQuickly pass.CQuickly find. DQuickly take.答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Anyone with a passing interest in their health will be able to rattle_off a few of the major vitamins, and possibly take an educated guess at what
18、 they do.”任何对自己的健康稍有兴趣的人都能快速地说出一些主要的维生素，并可能对他们的功能做出有根据的猜测。由此推知画线词的意思是“迅速地说出”，故选A。2What do we know about Vitamin P?AWe would scratch our head if we took it.BIt was made into a coin in the 1930s.CPeople didnt think it beneficial in the past.DIt refers to the compounds also called flavonoids.答案：D解析：细节理
19、解题。根据第二段最后一句“Fastforward almost a century and these compounds are now better known as flavonoids.”可知，关于维生素P我们知道它指的是也叫类黄酮的化合物。故选D。3How many functions of Vitamin P for humans are mentioned?AFour. BThree.CTwo. DOne.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“They are equally important nutrients for the body, helping maintain
20、bones and teeth, and for the production of the protein collagen (胶原), which provides structure to blood vessels, muscles and skin.”和第五段第一句“They are also said to help the body deal with some of the key drivers of illness, including oxidation (氧化)”，可知，维生素P对人体有3个作用。故选B。4How does Vitamin P help slow the
21、 aging process?ABy dealing with oxidation.BBy maintaining bones.CBy strengthening muscle.DBy protecting against chronic diseases.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They are also said to help the body deal with some of the key drivers of illness, including oxidation (氧化), a natural process by which the bodys cells
22、 age and can become damaged and defective (有缺陷的)”可知，维生素P通过处理氧化反应帮助延缓衰老过程。故选A。 C(2019长铁一中高三第三次阶段性测试)For years I have had no idea what I have been doing with my life. I was a 30yearold lawyer in New York. But being a lawyer was never my dream or goal in life. I honestly wanted to be a writer. I have a
23、 great imagination and would write amazing stories in my head. But I always knew that being a writer was never possible for me because it was a better financial decision to stay a lawyer.Recently, I couldnt fall asleep at my usual time of 10 pm and when I did fall asleep I had the same dream over an
24、d over again. The dream starts with me in the ocean trying to go for a swim and Im searching for something, but I start to drown and have no control over my body. Then a light shines through the waters and when I look up all I can see is myself in a bright white room writing a novel. Then I hear a v
25、oice say repeatedly, “Now is the time to try something new！”It wasnt just a dream; it was my opportunity to make something good out of my life. That afternoon, I quit my job at the law firm and I_couldnt_have_been_any_happier. My life started at 30, and every day since that point I havent stopped en
26、joying life. I started to write and have been on the bestsellers list for the last two months. Things have definitely turned around.Change is a good thing; it gives us an opportunity to take a chance. So my two favorite words I live by and so should you are “change and chance”这是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了自己鼓起勇气辞掉了律
27、师的工作，投身于自己喜欢的写作事业中来，并在该领域收获颇丰，作者想告诉我们改变带来机遇。1From the first paragraph, we can know that _.Athe author is now 30 years oldBit is impossible for the author to become a writerCa lawyer can be likely to earn more than a writerDthe author prefers to be a lawyer rather than a writer答案：C解析：推理判断题。由第一段“But I
28、 always knew that being a writer was never possible for me because it was a better financial decision to stay a lawyer.”但是我一直知道，做一名作家对我来说是不可能的，因为当律师是一个更好的经济决定。可知，律师可能比作家挣得多。故C选项正确。2The second paragraph mainly talks about the authors _.Adifficulty in sleeping at nightBstrong desire to become a writer
29、Cwish to have a swim in the watersDterrible swimming experience in the ocean答案：B解析：推理判断题。由第二段“Recently, I couldnt fall asleep at my usual time of 10 pm and when I did fall asleep I had the same dream over and over again. .all I can see is myself in a bright white room writing a novel. Then I hear a
30、voice say repeatedly, Now is the time to try something new！”，最近，我在晚上10点的时候无法入睡，当我睡着的时候，我一遍又一遍地做着同样的梦。我看到的只是我自己在一个明亮的白色房间里写小说。然后我听到一个声音重复地说：“现在是尝试新东西的时候了！”可知，第二段主要讲述作者成为作家的强烈愿望。故B选项正确。3The underlined part in the 3rd paragraph probably means the author _.Aregretted having quitted his job as a lawyerBw
31、as unhappy after giving up his job as a lawyerCwas upset because he had to give up his job as a lawyerDwas pretty happy when he quitted his job as a lawyer答案：B解析：词义猜测题。由倒数第二段“My life started at 30, and every day since that point I havent stopped enjoying life.”我的生活从30岁开始，从那以后，我每天都在享受生活。可知，当他辞去律师的工作时
32、，他非常高兴。故D选项正确。4What might be the best title of the text?ALawyer or Writer BChange and ChanceCChange and Regret DRisk or Opportunity答案：B解析：标题归纳题。由末段“Change is a good thing; it gives us an opportunity to take a chance. So my two favorite words I live by and so should you are change and chance”改变是一件好事；
33、它给了我们一个机会去抓住机遇。所以我最喜欢的两个词就是“改变和机遇”可知，文章最好的标题是“改变和机遇”。故B选项正确。D(2019中原名校第三次质检)Dogs were living as companions to the early settlers of North America over 10,000 years ago.The oldest domestic dogs in the Americas were thought to be around 9,500 years old. Angela Perri of Durham University, UK, and her c
34、olleagues have carried out fresh radiocarbon dating on the two dog skeletons that gave this date, discovered in the prehistoric Koster site in Illinois, and found they were even older: around 10,100 years old.A third dog from another Illinois site called Stilwell II was older still，at 10,190 years o
35、ld. That makes it the oldest known domesticated dog in the Americas.The team concluded that all three dogs were domesticated as their skeletons were complete and unskinned, and so hadnt been butchered for food. They had also been carefully buried, evidence they were valued by their owners. The Stilw
36、ell II dog, which probably resembled a small English settler, was under what seemed to be the floor of a living area.It is unclear why it took so long for tame dogs to arrive in the Americas, given that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years ago in Eurasia. By this time, people were already mo
37、ving into North America from Siberia; there is evidence some reached Chile 18,500 years ago. Geneticists have found signs of at least three waves of migration over the following millennia. There is no evidence that domestic dogs accompanied them.“We dont know if dogs were part of the first waves of
38、immigration to the Americas” says Luc Janssens of Ghent University in Belgium. “It could be so, but no archaeological bones have yet been found.”It is “overwhelmingly probable” that some of the early settlers did bring dogs to the Americas, but they may not have had “the time or the spiritual compul
39、sion to bury them”， says Pat Shipman of Pennsylvania State University.本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美洲最早的家犬。1How old is the oldest known domestic dog in the Americas?AAbout 9,500 years. BAbout 10,100 years.C10,190 years. D18,500 years.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“A third dog from another Illinois site called Stilwell II was ol
40、der still, at 10,190 years old. That makes it the oldest known domesticated dog in the Americas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10 190年。故选C。2The underlined word “butchered” in the fourth paragraph could be replaced by _.Akilled BboughtCtrained Draised答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The team concluded that all three dogs were dome
41、sticated as their skeletons were complete and unskinned, and so hadnt been butchered for food. They had also been carefully buried, evidence they were valued by their owners.”研究小组得出的结论是，这三种狗都是被驯化的，因为它们的骨骼是完整的，没有皮肤的，所以没有被宰杀作为食物。他们也被仔细地埋葬了，证据表明他们是被主人重视的。关键词buried，可知画线词的意思是“杀死”，故选A。3What is the attitud
42、e towards when tame dogs arrived in the Americas in the last three paragraphs?AUndoubted. BUnsure.CIndifferent. DUnconfident.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“It is unclear why it took so long for tame dogs to arrive in the Americas, given that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years ago in Eurasia.”可知，对到达美洲
43、的驯服的狗态度是不确定。故选B。4What is the main topic of this passage?AThe earliest domestic dog in the Americas.BThe first dog arriving in the Americas.CHow dogs were domesticated in the Americas.DWhen the oldest dog was found in the Americas.答案：A解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段第一及第二段中的第一句可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故选A。E(2019河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测
44、)When I was a boy there were no smart phones, and our television only got one channel clearly. Still, I never felt bored. The fields, hills and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground whose adventures were only limited by my imagination. I can remember once hiking to nearby lake and wal
45、king slowly around it. At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before. It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides, but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.I walked on and on for what seemed like hours. I was sure my gua
46、rdian angel was whispering in my ears “turn around and head back home”， but I was stubborn and walked on. There was still neither a car nor a house in sight I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared I didnt want to end up trapped on this road, and I was worried that it would b
47、e dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.I continued to walk on with something growing inside of me. My heart was pounding and my legs were aching. I was almost in tears when I saw something in the distance. It was a house that I recognized. I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.
48、 It was still over a mile away, but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time. I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner. Then I ended my adventure with a good nights sleep.I often thought of that experience recently. Actually, in our life, all roads,
49、 no matter how they twist and turn, can lead us home again. They can lead us to our homes in our hearts. May you always walk your path with love! May you always help your fellow travelers along the way! And may your roads always lead you home again!所有的路都是回家的路。所有的路不管怎样迂回曲折，最终都会引导着我们回家，有的是回到我们物质层面的家，有
50、的是回到我们心灵的家园。1Why did the author hardly feel bored when he was young?AHe could watch TV all day.BHe could have fun in nature.CHe had many friends to play with.DHe used to explore the old dirt road.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句“Still, I never felt bored. The fields, hills and woodlands around my home were t
51、he perfect playground whose adventures were only limited by my imagination.”可知，小时候作者从大自然中寻找快乐，所以从来不感到无聊。故选B。2What does the underlined word “something” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?ADoubt. BHope.CFear. DCourage.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第二、三句“My heart was pounding and my legs were aching. I was almost in
52、 tears when I saw something in the distance.”可知，作者内心渐渐地恐惧起来。推知，画线词的意思是“害怕，恐惧”，故选C。3How did the author feel when he was exploring the dirt road?AHe was contradictory in mind.BHe was unconscious of danger ahead.CHe was worried to be trapped in the woods.DHe was afraid of being scolded by his parents.答
53、案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before. It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides, but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.”可知，探索这条泥土路似乎是一种冒险，所以他心里是矛盾的。根据句意可知选A。4What may be the best title
54、 for the passage?AEvery Effort Is WorthwhileBAll Roads Lead to HomeCBe Determined in Your LifeDBe Brave to Adventure答案：B解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“I often thought of that experience recently. Actually, in our life, all roads, no matter how they twist and turn, can lead us home again. They can lead us to our h
55、omes in our hearts.”所有的路不管怎样迂回曲折，最终都会引导着我们回家，有的是回到我们物质层面的家，有的是回到我们心灵的家园。可知，所有的路都通向家。故选B。F(2019江淮十校高三第二次联考)Humans have uniquely expressive faces. We laugh, we cry, we turn red with feeling. Now, scientists report that blueandyellow macaws (金刚鹦鹉) may join us in this club of emotionsat least，when it co
56、mes to blushing.Parrots are known for being clever and chatty. Theyre even skilled enough to make their own tools and occasionally nose their way into human machines like cars. Their curiosity and courage are what make them excellent pets. So its no surprise that they have their own range of communi
57、cation tools. On the whole, birds are no strangers to blushing. Many different kinds of birds have been known to exhibit this behavior. Parrot owners often notice it in their pets. The motivations behind it are still a mystery to scientists , though.To zero in on why macaw faces blush，some scientist
58、s led by Aline Bertin of the University of Tours studied five captive blueandyellow macaws as they interacted with each other and their human caretakers. They were amazed to see that human attention seemed to make the macaws blush. The blushing died down when the caretakers ignored the parrots.Facia
59、l expressions can be signs of a humans emotional state. Likewise, bird blushing could convey wellbeing. Its not quite as obvious as smiling. Still, its fairly impressive. After all, these macaws dont have the same facial muscles that we do. The birds are much smarter and kinder than they look. They
60、are believed to be as intelligent as monkeys.Bertin and the other scientists believe their work opens the door to further research. One limitation of the study is that no macaws in natural environment have been observed. That makes it hard to draw conclusions about the birds as a species. They are a
61、lso not quite sure what the blushing means. There is still more to learn about these possible expressions of emotion.这是一篇说明文。科学家通过研究证明了金刚鹦鹉会因情感而变得脸红。1Which of the following best explains “captive” in Paragraph 3?AUnique. BTalkative.CCurious. DCaged.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。由第三段“as they interacted with each othe
62、r and their human caretakers.”可知，金刚鹦鹉彼此之间以及与它们的人类看护者都有互动。根据“their human caretakers”可推知captive的意思是“关在笼子中的”。故D选项正确。2Birds might blush _.Awhen people ignore themBto show they are happyCto show they are hungryDwhen something upsets them答案：B解析：细节理解题。由第四段“Likewise, bird blushing could convey wellbeing.”所以
63、我们判断出，金刚鹦鹉脸红目的是展示出它们很幸福。故B选项正确。3What is TRUE about scientists reaction to macaws blushing?AThey are puzzled by how birds can communicate with one another.BThey are motivated to continue studying how macaws express emotion.CThey are curious about why other birds are unable to convey emotion.DThey are
64、 interested to study monkeys to see if they blush as strongly.答案：B解析：细节理解题。由最后一段“There is still more to learn about these possible expressions of emotion.”可知，关于这些可能的情感表达，还有更多的东西需要学习。故B选项正确。4What is the main idea of the text?AParrots make excellent pets.BParrots are skilled to make tools.CThe macaws can communicate with each other.DThe macaws can go red in the face with feeling.答案：D解析：主旨大意题。由整个短文尤其是第一段“scientists report that blueandyellow macaws (金刚鹦鹉) may join us in this club of emotionsat least，when it comes to blushing.”可知，整个短文都在说明金刚鹦鹉因情感而脸红。故D选项正确。
