1、第8章任务型读写(一)(2011安徽卷)If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. Here is what our school should teach.Politeness is a mark of civilazation. The so
2、oner children learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be accomplished by a smile and good manners.Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability fr
3、om the beginning.Were likely to accept something we are told, but thats not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical(批判性的)thinking.Children should learn to take care of their health. They sh
4、ould know that if they eat junk food(垃圾食品), they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are. We have to know a little bit
5、 of our history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us.How will we test students on these? We cant. But thats not a reason to avoid teaching what is important. Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: “Thi
6、s is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.”TitleVery Useful (1) _IntroductionEducation should be a (2)_ for life.AdviceImportant things should be taught in (3) _.Teaching(4)_How to behave (5) _The basic skill of (6) _ moneyHow to(7)_ in a critical wayHow to keep
7、(8) _The rights and responsibilities one has in (9) _ConclusionChildren should be taught what(10) _ is and how to deal with it.答案：本文主要讲述了教育者应教给孩子们的非常重要的知识，那就是：懂礼貌，学会理财，批判性的思维方式，照顾自己的健康以及作为社会的一分子应承担的责任等。1Teaching/Education/Schooling该题为主旨归纳题，概括性比较强，而全文内容都是强调孩子们的教育问题，因此应围绕education这一主题进行考虑。2preparation
8、由文章第一段第一句话可知，教育的基本功能是为生活做准备，由此可推知空格处的正确答案为动词prepare的名词形式。3schools本题考查学生对文章细节的理解。由第一段最后一句话可知，该类教育应主要在学校里完成。4Content(s)/content(s)/Topics/topics/Subjects/subjects文章从第二段到第六段都是介绍了孩子们在学校里应该学习的内容。5politely/properly/well第二段讲述的是孩子们的言谈举止要有礼貌，因为懂礼貌是社会文明的标志。6managing文章从第三段强调孩子们应从一开始就要学会理财。7think第四段最后一句强调孩子们应学会
9、如何批判性的思考问题。8healthy/fit第五段主要讲述了孩子们要学会照顾自己的健康。9society第六段主要讲述了孩子们要了解自己在社会上应享有的权利和应承担的责任。10life文章最后一句说我们应当告诉孩子们什么是真正的生活，他们将在以后的生活中面临的问题以及解决方法等。(二)(2011江苏卷)When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?Why Difficult?When we wrong someone we know, even not intentionally, we are generally expected to apolo
10、gize so as to improve the situation. But when were acting as leaders, the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes pa
11、rt of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmonywhile an apology that is too little, too late, o
12、r too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What, then, is to be done? How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?Why Now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so, the United States
13、in particular has developed an apology cultureapologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles, cartoons, advice columns, and radio and television prog
14、rams have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.Why Bother?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And
15、 whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they th
16、ink the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why Refuse?Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be p
17、ersonally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a highrisk strategy. 答
18、案：本文主要讲述领导什么时候应该道歉，什么时候不应该道歉。道歉为什么很困难以及道歉时应该注意什么问题。1performance/act/activity由文章细节The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution.可知，当众道歉不仅仅是个人行为。act，performance，activity均表示“行为，行动”。2easy由第一段细节readiness to apology can be seen as a si
19、gn of strong character or as a sign of weakness.可知。要平衡道歉与不道歉不是很容易的事。3properly/appropriately/successfully/rightly由文章第一段信息.while apology that is too little，too late，or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin.等可知道歉不得体/恰当可能给个人或知识集体带来损害。4urgent由第二段第一句话The question of whethe
20、r leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent.可知此处应填urgent。5culture由第二段第二句话During the last decade or so，the United States in particular has developed an apology culture.可知。6growing/increasing/rising由第二段信息More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apol
21、ogies.可知。7expected/supposed/required由第三段信息They are expected to appear strong and capable.可知。8public文章主要讲述当众道歉。9likely由文章最后一段信息Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professional risky.可知。10harm/damage由文章最后一段信息Leaders may also be afraid t
22、hat the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.可知。do harm/damage to 对有害。(一)(2011江南十校二模)During my childhood many years ago，a hero was pictured in my mind as the strong and the powerful ，such as a superman, but as time goes by and my knowledge gro
23、ws wider, the definition of a hero changes from superman to Jesus Christ. In my opinion, a hero should have a modest characteristic，treat others with love and have the ability to change the world. Heroes are also ordinary men but they do extraordinary things for others out of the vast love they have
24、 in heroes heart. When God created the world, God gave everyone a lovely heart for a chance to become a hero. All people need to do is to spare out the love to become heroes, but this world only has not so many heroes.Who doesnt like to give orders to other people? Who likes to be a servant treated
25、like a dog? Everyone wants to get to a higher position. The employee wants to be a manager. The senator(参议员) wants to be the president. The higher status will have the stronger power. No one will refuse to own the driver seat. So a hero must have the ability to be in the rank(职位). The hero doesnt ha
26、ve to take the power，but to get to a higher rank is one way to get ability of changing the world. If the hero can not change the world，he is only a normal man with a modest characteristic and kind love. Besides, a hero should be ready to help others.Therefore，being a hero isnt at all an easy job. No
27、t everyone can be a hero. The person must not only make a difference but also try to love others. The both done, the person can become a true hero.ItemDescription_1_ in my eyesFrist, a superman, strong and full of _2_， and then, Jesus Christ, modest, loving and able. Also, ordinary men helping other
28、s in a(n) _3_ way.Potential heroesEveryone was created possible to become a hero and the _4_ given by everyone can make the possibility a reality, but its a pity that this world lacks enough heroes._5_for heroesHeroes should possess an outstanding ability of _6_ the needs of their ranks.Heroes shoul
29、d be strong enough to be _7_ people.Heroes should help others _8_._9_Its _10_ but easy to become a hero.答案：英雄就是性格谦逊，有一颗博爱的心和具有改变世界的能力的人。作者的看法和我国古代“内圣外王”的思想如出一辙。1Heroes可数名词复数表泛指。 2power由首段首句的a hero was pictured in my mind as the strong and the powerful，such as a superman可知应填power。3extraordinary由第2段首句
30、的Heroes are also ordinary men but they do extraordinary things for others out of the vast love they have可知应填extraordinary。4love由第2段尾句的All people need to do is to spare out the love to become heroes可知应填love。5Requirements由第3段和右框内容可知应该是作为英雄的必要条件(requirements)。6satisfying/meeting由第3段倒数第4句So a hero must
31、have the ability to be in the rank.可知应填satisfying/meeting。7worldchanging由第3段倒数第3句The hero doesnt have to take the power，but to get to a higher rank is one way to get ability of changing the world.可知答案8readily/willingly由第3段尾句Besides，a hero should be ready to help others.可知答案。9Conclusion由文章结构和右栏相应内容可知
32、此处是对全文的总结。10anything由尾段前两句Therefore，being a hero isnt at all an easy job.Not everyone can be a hero.可知成为真正的英雄绝非易事。anything but根本不，绝不。(二)(2011江南十校联考) Having entered a boarding school, Ada and her twin sister Rita determined to strike out independently. Although the sisters had requested rooms in diff
33、erent dorms, they were placed in the same building, Ada on the eighth floor and Rita one floor higher. While Ada lived in harmony with her roommate, Rita was unhappy. She and her roommate had a quarrel over matters like the smallest thingthe time of lights being turned offand the biggest thingthe ar
34、rangement of the furniture. Finally, they communicated primarily through short notes rather than by speaking. Rita kept running down along the stairs to ask Ada for help. Before long，the two wanted to live together again. Ritas roommate finally had to move out.Ritas ability to solve her problem by r
35、ooming with her twin is unusual, but the conflict she faced is not. Despite great efforts by many schools to make good roommate matches, unpleasant outcomes are common.Most conflicts between roommates develop from small, annoying differences. In extreme cases，the conflicts can lead to serious violen
36、ce and affect roommates psychological (心理的) health.Learning to tolerate a strangers habits may teach students the art of compromise, but the learning process is often painful.Many schools have started conflict solution programs to calm tensions that could build up like a volcano preparing to explode
37、, resulting in physical violence. Some schools try to prevent conflicts by using computerized matching. Students are put together on the basis of their answers to housing form questions about preferred hours of study and sleep, and selfdescribed tendencies toward tidiness or disorder. Parents someti
38、mes weaken the process by taking the forms and filling in false data about their childrens habits.If only conflicts between roommates could disappear!TitleRoommate _1_ExampleRita，living on the _2_ floor, quarreled with her roommate over matters _3_ from when lights should be turned off to how the fu
39、rniture should be arranged before they gave up an oral communication. Rita kept running _4_ to seek comfort from her twin sister. They finally _5_ the room again._6_Though many schools try to make _7_ roommates, conflicts between roommates still exist.Bad resultLeading to serious physical violence._
40、8_ roommates psychological health.SolutionsLearning the art of _9_.Tolerating a strangers habits.Using computerized matching.WishConflicts between roommates could be _10_.答案：1Conflicts本文主旨是谈论关于室友的冲突问题，conflicts这一关键词也在文中反复出现，故Roommate Conflicts作为标题最具有概括性。2ninth由第一段第二句中的Ada on the eighth floor and Rit
41、a one floor higher可知Rita住在九楼。此处意在考查考生是否能正确地拼写序数词9。3ranging从文中的like the smallest thing.and the biggest thing.可知是表示范围的短语range from.to.。4downstairs从第一段相应部分的Rita kept running down along the stairs可知Rita是不停地从九楼跑到八楼向Ada求助。故此处应填downstairs。5shared从首段最后两句Before long，the two wanted to live together again.Rita
42、s roommate finally had to move out.可知，Rita和Ada共享(share)一个房间。6Problem从文章结构可以看出，作者从Rita这一个例引出文章主题，即存在的问题。7wellmatched/suitable从第二段尾句Despite great efforts by many shools to make good roommate matches.句意可知此处应填wellmatched/suitable。8Affecting从第三段尾句.and affect roommates psychological (心理的)health.可知此处应用affe
43、ct的动名词形式，作为Bad results的第二种情况。9compromise从第四段中的Learning to tolerate a strangers habits may teach students the art of compromise可知答案。10gone/solved/settled从文章最后一句的虚拟句式If only.可知作者希望室友之间的冲突可以得到解决(solve/settle)。(三)(2011皖南八校第三次联考)Customer service refers to the way that companies behave towards their custo
44、mers. Its the quality of service that determines whether the customer remains with the company. However，many a time organizations dont focus on customer relationship management, and thats what makes customers angry, which is one of the reasons why companies lose their customers. So customer service
45、is vital and you should know how to improve it.First of all ，you need to realize how important the customers are. Its they who are the boss, and its because of them that you get your pay checks. So do take your customers seriously. Finding out the needs of the customers is another important customer
46、 service tip. You need to ask the customers the right kind of questions and think of the possible solutions which you can provide. Understand how they feel according to a particular situation, their body language, tone of voice and words they speak. Never make assumptions and think that you know wha
47、t the customer wants.Making customers feel they are important is an excellent way to serve them better. Treat customers as individuals and the best way to do that is using their first name and finding ways of praising them in a sincere way.In addition，there are some other skills which will help you
48、in serving your customers better. For example, once you finish solving the problem for the customer, before, ending the call, always remember to ask if there is anything else you can do for them. End the call with a “thank you”. If customers are angry，let them express their anger completely. Never i
49、nterrupt or start speaking until theyve finished. Once theyve finished speaking, try to calm them down by apologizing. In a word，always remember that if the customers remain happy，youll be in business. TitleHow to _1_ customer serviceThe meaning of customer serviceThe way companies behave towards th
50、eir customers.The _2_ of customer serviceThe quality of service determines whether companies can _3_ their customers. For example, bad service can result in _4_ customers.TipsTake your customers seriously because they are your boss and the source of your income. Recognize the needs of the customers.
51、Ask the customers the right kind of questions and offer _5_ to their problems.Understand customers _6_ from a particular situation, their body language，tone of voice and words.Never _7_ that you know the customers needs.Make customers feel they are important and treat them as individuals by using th
52、eir first name and praising them _8_.Other small skills：Always ask if you can do anything else for the customer before ending the call and end the call with a “thank you”Dont _9_ the customer when he is speaking angrily.Calm the customer down by making an _10_ after he finishes speaking.答案：本文讲述的是客服的
53、含义和重要性，需要注意的四个方面的技巧及一项总原则。1improve由首段尾句So customer service is vital and you should know how to improve it.可知文章主旨/标题。2importance由首段第2句Its the quality of service that determines whether the customer remains with the company.可知本段段落主旨。3keep由首段第2句Its the quality of service that determines whether the cus
54、tomer remains with the company.可知答案。4losing由首段第3句.and thats what makes customers angry, which is one of the reasons why companies lose their customers.可知答案。5solutions由第3段第2句You need to ask the customers the right kind of questions and think of the possible solutions which you can provide.可知答案。6feeli
55、ngs由第3段第3句Understand how they feel according to a particular situation, their boby language, tone of voice and words they speak.可知答案。7assume由第3段尾句Never make assumptions and think that you know what the customer wants.可知答案。8sincerely由第4段第2句Treat customers as individuals and the best way to do that is
56、 using their first name and finding ways of praising them in a sincere way.可知答案。9interrupt由第5段倒数第2句Never interrupt or start speaking until theyve finished.可知答案。10apology由第5段尾句Once theyve finished speaking, try to calm them down by apologizing.可知答案。(四)(2011合肥第二次质检)Few Americans stay in one a place fo
57、r a lifetime. We move from the city to the suburbs (郊区) ，from high school to college in a different state，from a job in one area to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live in retirement. With each move we are forever making new friends, who
58、 become part of our new life.For many of us the summer is a special time for forming new friendships. Today, millions of Americans go on vacation abroad, and we go not only to see new sights but alsoin those places where we dont feel too strangewith the hope of meeting new people. No one really expe
59、cts a vacation trip to produce a close friend, but the beginning of a friendship is possible. Surely in every country people value friendship.The word “friend” to American people can be applied to a wide range of relationshipto someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close busines
60、s companion，to a childhood playmate, to a man or a woman, or to a trusted colleague. There are real differences among these relations for Americansa friendship may be shallow, casual, situational or deep and lasting. But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clea
61、r. As Europeans see it, all kinds of “friends” flow in and out of Americans homes with little ceremony. They may be parents of the childrens friends, house guests of neighbors, members of a committee, business associates from another town or even another country. Coming as a guest into an American h
62、ome，the European visitor finds no obvious landmarks. The atmosphere is relaxed. Most people, old and young, are called by first names. Americans characteristic openness to different styles of relationship makes it possible for us to find new friends abroad with whom we feel at home.TitleAmerican Fri
63、endshipChances for Americans to make friendsMost Americans _1_ from place to place. Many Americans go abroad on vacation for _2_ or meeting new people. One _3_ for a vacation is to begin a friendship.Ways for Americans to _4_ the word “friend”American people use “friend” _5_ for different relationsh
64、ips. Americans know the _6_ among relations clearly while Europeans cannot.Europeans understanding about American _7_Friends flow in and out of Americans homes _8_.Being a guest in an American home, the European visitor feels _9_.Due to their _10_ characteristics, Americans find new friends all over
65、 the world.答案：美国人喜欢搬迁也喜欢到国外旅行，原因之一就是能结交新朋友。由于美国人开放的交友观，他们的朋友遍天下。1move由首段内容可知“move”是美国人的一大特征。2sightseeing由第二段中的we go not only to see new sights.可知答案。3possibility由第二段倒数第二句.but the beginning of a friendship is possible. 可知答案。4understand/apply由第三段首句中的The word“friend” to American people can be applied to
66、.可知答案。5widely由第三段首句中的The word“friend” to American people can be applied to a wide range of relationship.可知答案。6difference(s)由第三段尾句But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear.可知答案。7friendship由第四段首句可知答案。8casually由第四段首句中的with little ceremony可知答案。9comfortable/rela
67、xed由尾段中.the European visitor finds no obvious landmarks. The atmosphere is relaxed.可知答案。10open由尾段尾句Americans characteristic openness.可知答案。(五)(2011合肥市第三次质检)By the midnineteenth century, the term“icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary
68、 citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in places like hotels and hospitals, and by some forwardlooking city businessmen in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (18611865 ) ，it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half
69、of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and onethird of that sold in Boston and Chicago，went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox ，early form of the modern refrigerator，had been invented. Making an efficient icebox
70、was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, people only had some simple and basic knowledge of the physics of heat. The common idea that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken ，for it was the melting of the ice that performed
71、the cooling. Early efforts to save ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803，a Maryland farmer，Thomas Moore, had
72、 been in the correct direction. He owned a farm and used an icebox of his own design for the transportation of his butter to a market in the village of Georgetown. And there he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting goods of his competitors to pay a higher price for his butter, still
73、 fresh and hard in neat, onepound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.As a result，Moore managed to earn a large sum of money.The Origin of RefrigeratorsHistory of the icebox*By th
74、e mid19th century the 1._ that ice had on American citizens life was limited mainly to the diet.*When cities grew, the ice 2._ increased.*Forwardlooking businessmen used ice to keep meat, fish and butter 3._.*After the Civil War, due to the 4._ of the modern refrigerator, household use of ice became
75、 possible.Incorrect 5._ about the icebox*The icebox 6._ best when the ice was prevented from melting.*Ice should be 7._ up in blankets to help do its jobs.Thomas Moores story*As early as 1803, Thomas Moore knew how to use an icebox 8._.*An icebox was designed by Thomas Moore to 9_ his butter to the
76、market.*Thomas Moore was very 10._ in his business.答案：1effect/influence/impact由首段首句可知，到19世纪中期，冰刚开始影响美国普通市民的饮食。2trade/business/deal由首段第2句可知，随着城市的增长，冰的交易逐渐增长。3fresh由首段第3句可知，冰被一些有远见的城市商人用于对肉、鱼和奶油的保鲜上。4invention/appearance由首段尾句可知，这已经变得可能，因为一种新的家庭方便用具，冰箱，已经被发明。5ideas/views/opinions由第2段第3句可知，一种常见的观念是“最好的冰
77、箱就是能阻止冰融化的冰箱”，这当然是错误的。6worked/functioned由5题可知答案。7wrapped/packed/parceled由第2段第4句可知，早期节省用冰的措施包括用毯子把冰包裹起来。8correctly/properly/efficiently由尾段首句可知，早在1803年，一位农场主已经用正确的方法使用冰箱了。9transport/deliver由尾段第2句可知，他自己设计了一种冰箱用于运送他的奶油到市场上。10successful由尾段尾句可知，他赚了很多钱。be successful in sth.在方面是成功的。(六)(2011苏锡常镇一调)Canadas we
78、alth comes from the exploitation of its rich natural resources and from the work of its citizens. Canadians are employed in a variety of jobs. All of these jobs can be grouped into one of three categories：extractive industries, manufacturing industries and service industries.Industries that take raw
79、 materials from the natural environment are called extractive or primary industries. Canada has a wealth of natural resources. The extractive industries that have been developed to exploit these natural resources make an important contribution to the wealth of our economy. Without these extractive i
80、ndustries, and the money they bring from other countries，Canadas economy could not exist in its present form. Yet only a small percentage of Canadas labour force works in extractive industries. Extractive industries rely on laboursaving machines instead of human labour.Manufacturing industries proce
81、ss the products of extractive industries into finished products. Manufacturing industries transform raw materials into many different forms to be used by consumers or by other companies. This processing may be done in one or more stages. For example, iron ore is transformed into steel in factories.
82、This is called primary manufacturing. The steel is then sent to companies for further processing into cars, mining equipment, machines, nails, and other products, such as bicycle frames. This is called secondary manufacturing.Manufacturing industries are located in many towns and cities across Canad
83、a. Companies try to build their factories in densely populated areas because they want to be near the people who buy their products. If they locate near their customers, they will save money on shipping costs. Manufacturing industries provide more jobs to Canadians than extractive industries. Yet th
84、e number of people employed in manufacturing is still small in comparison to the third category, services. As with extractive industries, manufacturing process use many machines that require relatively few workers.Service industries provide services needed by the extractive and manufacturing industr
85、ies, and by society in general. Without these services, society could not operate. The majority of Canadian workers do not produce “goods” in their jobs. Instead, they provide “services” for others. The range of services is very great and includes such things as retailing, office work, education, he
86、alth care, communications, government, transportation, and personal services.Service industries in one form or another are spread over the entire country. In every community there are stores, banks, schools, police forces, and dozens of other services. The majority of service industries are found in
87、 towns and cities because services are provided for people and there are many more people in urban areas.Canadas economy depends upon the creation of jobs in all three types of industry.IntroductionAll 1._ can be divided into three categories：extractive industries, manufacturing industries and servi
88、ce industries.ExtractiveindustriesExtractive industries are also called primary industries, which are 2._ with the exploitation of raw materials from the natural environment.3._industriesManufacturing industries 4._ raw materials into products, which can be used by people or companies.Manufacturing
89、industries can be grouped into primary manufacturing and 5._ manufacturing.Primary manufacturing 6._ steel from iron ore for further processing.Secondary manufacturing will then use the steel to make products like cars, bikes, etc. for people to use.Service industriesService industries provide servi
90、ces the other two industries need. Without these services, our society cannot 7._.Service industries provide jobs for shop assistants, office 8._， teachers, doctors, and many others.Service industries mainly provide services for 9._.Closing Our society is 10._ on all three types of industry.答案：1jobs
91、由第1段第3句可知，所有工作被分成三类。2associated/connected 由第2段第1句可知，使用来自自然环境的原材料的工业被称为基础产业，所以基础产业和原材料的开采是有联系的。3Manufacturing分析文章内容可知，文章在第3段和第4段介绍了Manufacturing industries。4process/transform/turn由第3段前两句可知，机器制造业是把原材料转变为消费者所使用的商品。 5secondary由第3段后半部分内容可知，机器制造业被分成第一产业和第二产业。 6makes由第3段第4句可知，在第一产业中，把铁矿石制造成钢以备进一步加工，故用make(
92、制造)。7operate/function由第5段第2句可知，没有服务行业，我们的社会就不能正常运转。由此可知答案。8workers由倒数第2段以及常识可知，服务行业为各行各业的人提供工作，故此处应该指的是办公室的工作人员，即workers。9people由倒数第2段尾句可知，服务行业主要是为人提供服务，故答案为people。10based/dependent由尾段可知，加拿大的经济发展依赖于这三个类型的产业所提供的就业机会。be based on/be dependent on在此处相当于depend on。(七)(2011南京二模)American life before 1950 fel
93、t nothing like American life feels now, and a big reason is those three changes that took place in the second half of the 20th century，which has had the most lasting impact on our lives today.1. The building of the interstates(州际公路)2. The covering of the United States with coasttocoast television.3.
94、 The introduction and spread of the Internet.Before the interstates were constructed，even a trip within an individual state often took considerable planning；twolane roads, dangerous and slow, were common. The interestates tore down the invisible walls around U. S. towns. President Eisenhower was in
95、favor of building the interstates, because he believed that，in a time of war，they would be helpful in moving troops and supplies. But their immediate effect was to make Americans feel that certain doors had been unlocked. With the interstates came a sense of freedom：A person could drive anywhere eve
96、rywhereeasily. Suddenly, horizons were unlimited. “Local” didnt mean quite the same thing it used to. Getting away was effortless.The introduction of national television meant that for the first time in history, people in every corner of the country were watching exactly the same thing at exactly th
97、e same moment. It connected the country，in a way that even network radio hadnt accomplished, and it was because of the quality of the TV pictures. As with the interstates, coasttocoast television was a cure to separation. Those who ran the newly formed television networks had an enormous amount of p
98、ower. Their decisions about what to put on the air determined what people would be talking about the next day. They controlled what people would laugh at and when, what people would cry over and when，what would anger people and when it would anger them.And then，later in the century，the Internet came
99、 along，erasing all symbolic borders. If the interstate highways had allowed physical freedom, the Internet allowed a different kind of freedom，one unprecedented(空前的) in human experience. It was no coincidence that it was initially referred to as the information superhighway：Seemingly overnight, the
100、knowledge of the world was available to anyone with a keyboard and a modem; people who had never met and would never meet could communicate as if they were lifelong friends. Now the individual at his or her computer terminal was given the power to decide how he or she would be informed or entertaine
101、d at a given moment. No one else had the absolute authority to arrange the individuals life；he or she made that decision, moment by moment. What in the past might have taken a person a lifetimesearching for mankinds recorded wisdom in distant and magnificent librariesnow, in theory, was available wi
102、th a series of key taps from ones room. What had once seemed unbelievable had, very quickly, become routine.The three developments ended up changing our daily world greatly；largely because of them, it is a world that would be almost unrecognizable to our grandparents and greatgrandparents.答案：今天美国人的生
103、活和1950年前的生活几乎已经没有任何相似之处。州际高速公路打破了各个州隐形封闭的门户，拓宽了人们的视野，使人们享受到了身体的自由；国家电视系统的使用尤其是互联网这一信息高速公路的使用，彻底地使人们有了崭新的体验生活的自由，一切原来不可能的事情都变成了可能，这三个发展相互作用，极大地改变了人们的日常生活和这个世界。1changed此处为文章的主题，由首段可知州际公路、国家电视和互联网的三者的发展极大地改变了美国，故空1处填changed, 和have构成完成时。2end由文章有关The interstates部分的内容可知，州际公路结束了原来交通困难的局面和状况。put an end to终止
104、，结束。3connected/linked/joined州际公路打破了原来各州无形的门户，使各个城市连接起来。4drive/travel州际公路使交通旅游更便捷。5same由文章有关Television部分的内容可知，国家电视网的建立使美国人分享同样的节目。6Determining/Deciding国家电视网的建立使美国人分享同样节目的同时，也决定了他们在第二天谈论同样的话题和控制着他们的情感。7information由文章有关The Internet部分的内容可知，互联网被称为信息高速公路。8communcation互联网使陌生人之间的交流成为可能。9decisions/choices互联网
105、允许人们自由作出决定。10available/accessible互联网使人们无论在何时何地都能获取信息。(八) (2011淮安第四次调考)From the health point of view we are living in a wonderful age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is al
106、most certain that one day medicines will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased largely. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the unbelievable slaughter (屠杀) of men, women and ch
107、ildren on the roads. Man versus the motorcar! It is a neverending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel(
108、方向盘), his car becomes the additional part of his personality. There is no doubt that the motorcar often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steeringwheel. They swear, they are illmannered and aggressive,
109、willful as twoyearolds and completely selfish. All their hidden anger, disappointments and envies seem to be exposed by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that society only smiles so kindly on the motorist when seeing his behaviors talked about above. Everything is done for his convenience.
110、Cities are allowed to become almost unsuitable to live because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is damaged by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were cr
111、eated to reduce this senseless waste of human life. In regard to driving, the laws of some countries are dishonorably loose and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few exampl
112、es of some things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should b
113、e put through inflexible annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can destroy a persons driving ability, so present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. The highest and lowest speed limits should be put on all roads, as has been
114、done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound unacceptably harsh. But surely nothing should be considered to be too severe if it results in reducing the annual loss of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not for motorcar
115、s.Title: Strict Traffic Laws Can Prevent AccidentsPresent situation of road accidentsWe are quietly sitting back and letting road slaughter happen.1. Road accidents seem to happen 1._.2._ for so many road accidentsIt seems that all the hidden anger, disappointment and envies are 4._ by the act of dr
116、iving. Society just 5._ various kinds of bad behavior of a motorist. People 6._ the road accident statistics.When driving a car, a man tends to become illmannered and behave in an 3._ way.7._ that should be taken to reduce road accidentsThe driving test should be standardized and made much more diff
117、icult. All the drivers should take a test every three years.Only people at or 8._ 21 can get a driving license.All vehicles should be given strict annual tests. Drinking and driving laws should be made much stricter.The highest and the lowest speed limits should be put to 9._.No advertising which st
118、resses power and performance should be 10._.答案：1. frequently 2. Reasons3. aggressive4. exposed5. tolerate/bear6. ignore/overlook7. Measures8. above/over9. use 10. allowed/permitted(九)(2011扬州三模)Federal Hocking High School in Stewart, Ohio, draws its 360 students from a 270squaremile rural area of the
119、 states southeast corner. In the early 1990s, teachers and students were not at all motivated. The school, says social studies teacher Deborah Burk, was sticking to the 19thcentury concept of dividing the day into 42minute periods (still common in many schools across the country), with each period c
120、ounted as a credit toward graduation. Back then, Burk says, students focused more on the clock than on what she was saying. They werent entirely to blame. The system, she felt, didnt let her do much beyond repeating the same lectures over and over: There wasnt time to challenge students to research
121、into details. “You couldnt analyze their progressor even think about it.” In 1992, Dr. George H. Wood, an Ohio University education professor whod never run a high school, was named principal. He asked students for their ideas, organized visits to programs around the country, and met frequently with
122、 staff. The result: Time passed quickly. With some armtwisting of superintendents and state lawmakers, Federal Hocking moved from the tiresome credit system to a lessismore schedule tied to four 80minute classes. “We decided，” Wood says, “to teach fewer things better.” In American history, for examp
123、le, the emphasis changed from devoting equal time to every era to focusing on big events. The school developed its own credit system based on important studies but added other requirementsa senior portfolio, and a yearlong project created by the students thats not always linked directly to their cou
124、rsework. Project topics range from writing a worldfoods cookbook to the restoration of an old tractor. Graduation based just on racking up a set number of credits was no longer possible.Other changes followed. The sevenminute daily homeroom periodbasically an attendance callwas replaced by an hourlo
125、ng advisory meeting every Wednesday morning. Each teacher advises the same 14 or 15 kids through high school. Wood, meanwhile, never lowered his strict academic standards. “Everybody here reads Shakespeare, Emerson and Thoreau，” he says, “even kids who are going to be mechanics.”Teacher Tim Arnold s
126、ays the schedule changes had an effect similar to the flipping(弹开)of a switch: “The pressure was released. Instead of looking at the clock, we could look at the students. On the first day we all went Wow! That was cool”Between the 199596 and 200304 school years, the percentage of the schools ninthgr
127、aders that passed Ohios math proficiency test rose from 50 percent to 85 percent. Passing grades in reading shot from 69 percent to 96 percent. And honors diplomas jumped from 8 percent to 20 percent. “We dont focus on test scores，” Wood says, “but its clear that if you pay attention to the overall
128、culture of the school, the test scores will rise.”Problems of the school in the pastThe 1._ of the day into 42minute periods2._ the same teaching content again and againNo time to challenge students to 3._ out research into details4._ of solving the problemsTeaching fewer things betterCredit system
129、based on important studies in 5._ to other requirementsA schedule of four 80minute classesAn hourlong meeting every Wednesday morning to give 6._7._ up the high and strict academic standardsSigns of 8_Much 10._ was made in passing grades in reading.9._ percent more ninthgraders passed Ohios math pro
130、ficiency test.Honors diplomas increased from 8 percent to 20 percent.答案：1. division2. Repeating3. carry4. Ways5. addition6. advice/suggestions7. Keeping8. success/achievements9. Thirty/3010. progress(十)(2011安徽名校联考)Its common for kids of all ages to experience school anxietyschoolrelated stress.This
131、is often most apparent at the end of summer when school is about to start again, but it can occur yearround.Where does the stress and anxiety come from?TeachersA good experience with a caring teacher can cause a lasting impression on a childs lifeso can a bad experience.While most teachers do their
132、best to provide students with a positive educational experience, some students are better suited for certain teaching styles and classroom types than others.If theres a mismatch (不协调) between student and teacher, a child can form lasting negative feelings about school or his own abilities. FriendsFr
133、iends can also be a source of stress.Concerns about not having enough friends, not being in the same class as friends, not being able to keep up with friends in one particular area or another, and interpersonal conflicts are a few of the very common ways kids can be stressed by their social lives at
134、 school.Dealing with these issues alone can cause anxiety in even the most confident kids.Bullies (欺凌弱小者)Things have changed in the world of bullies since I was a kid.The good news is that teachers and parents are paying more attention.Many schools now have antibullying programs and policies.Though
135、bullying does still happen, help is generally more easily accessible than before.The bad news is that bullying has gone hightech.Many students use the Internet, cell phones and other media devices to bully other students, and this type of bullying often gets very aggressive.One reason is that bullie
136、s can be anonymous (匿名的) and enlist other bullies to make their targets miserable.Another reason is that they dont have to face their targets. So its easier to get rid of any empathy that they may otherwise feel.There are ways to fight against “cyberbullying”， but many parents arent aware of themand
137、 many bullied kids feel too overwhelmed to deal with the situation.Passage outlineSupporting detailsA general 1._Kids of all ages 2._ to experience schoolrelated stress. School anxiety may happen all year around, 3._ when the new school year begins.4._ of school anxietyTeachersThe school anxiety fro
138、m a bad experience with a teacher can 5._ for a long time.FriendsThe problems, such as fearing to fall 6._ friends and being afraid of not having enough friends, should be 7._ together, but not alone.BulliesGood news：School buillies are being paid more attention to than before.Help is more easily 8.
139、_ as most schools have antibullying programs and policies. Bad news：Modern 9._ has made school bullies more aggressive.Many parents dont 10._ the importance of fighting against“cyberbullying”.答案：1. introduction/idea2. likely3. especially4Causes/Sources5.last6.behind7.handled/solved8. accessible9. te
140、chnology/equipment10. realize (十一)(2011南师大附中冲刺卷)Have you heard or read stories about people who are sick and have been healed by listening to music? Is it a miracle or a successful form of medicine? Can listening to music relieve pain?Around the world，music therapy(疗法) is being used to treat differe
141、nt medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain，such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments，or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Childr
142、en can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat. Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music (the different tempos，rhythms，melodies and
143、 harmonies) provokes(激发)the biggest response. Thus，classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Although rap or hip hop might be fun to listen to，its unlikely that such styles of music would produce the same kind of therapeutic effect. Playing a musical in
144、strument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people，helping relieve stress and anxiety. Have scientists been able to prove that music can heal disease? Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphins(内啡肽). Endorphins are
145、the bodys natural painkillers，and when we listen to music，our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mothers womb. Certain types of music have also been fo
146、und to lower blood pressure and slow a persons heart rate. Many people are hopeful that music could replace the need for some medications(药物)that are normally used to treat certain illnesses. At present，music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals，rehabilitation centers，nursing h
147、omes，day cares，and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment，it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out，put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.Title : Music That 1._Th
148、e 2._of music therapyto treat different medical conditions and illnessesto reduce painto 3._ brain activityto overcome 4._How does music therapy 5._？Music is soothing and relaxing; it stimulates our brains; classical music is a 6._ due to its complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument
149、 is also useful in 7._ stress and anxiety.Scientific proofsMusic has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the 8._ babies. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood press
150、ure and slow a persons heart rate.9._Music therapy is recognized as a useful 10._ to traditional treatment.答案：1.Heals2.uses/application 3.stimulate4disabilities 5.work6.favorite/preference7.relieving 8.newborn9.Conclusion10.addition(十二)(2011安庆二模)People who enjoy a dreamfilled sleep are better at rec
151、alling information and making links between facts when waking. But recharging with a shallow (小睡) offers no such mental improvement, the research suggests. The results of the study added to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brains ability to fo
152、rm strong memories.An average nights rest includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night. This means adults getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours a nightand therefore inadequate REM sleepmay be damaging their minds abili
153、ty to memorize: Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. They we
154、re tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some nap without REM sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest and nonREM sleep groups didnt improve, but the REM sleep group improved on their
155、 morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University of California who led the study, believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.It is believed that sleep acts as a
156、sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information from useless information. This process may take place as memories are removed from one art of the brain to others.TitleREM Sleep 1._ MemoryThe result of the studyRapid Eye Movement sleep is of great importance to the brain
157、s ability to 2._ memories.The 3._ of the study 4._ were required to think of another word associated with all three words. The same task was given to participants 5._ a day. The quiet rest and nonREM sleep groups showed no 6._. The REM sleep group 7._ well by an average of almost 40 per cent.Dr Sara
158、 Mednicks8_Connections between previous unassociated information in the brain are 9._ during REM sleep.ConclusionSleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to abandon useless information and keep the 10._ _information.答案：1. Benefits/Improves2. strengthen3. process/steps/procedures 4.Participants5. twice 6.improvement 7. performed 8. opinion/view/belief 9. formed 10. relevant/related版权所有：高考资源网()
