1、Section Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking基础知识 预习自检.重点词汇1profession n. 行业；职业professional adj.专业的；职业的 n. 专业人员；职业选手2archaeology n. 考古学archaeologist n. 考古学家archaeological adj.考古的；考古学的；考古学上的3entrance n. 入口；进入exit n. 出口；通道4forgive vt.& vi. 原谅；宽恕vt. 对不起；请原谅forgiveness n. 原谅；宽恕；宽宏大量5down
2、load_that_free_app 下载那个免费的应用程序6a_professional_archaeologist 一个专业的考古学家7the entrance to . 的入口8nine_sons_of_the_Chinese_dragon 中国龙的九个儿子9forgive_me_for_doing_sth. 原谅我做了某事.教材原句1Temples and other cultural sites were taken down _ (一块一块的)答案：piece by piece2The free app that I _ (下载) doesnt work well.答案：have
3、downloaded3It was a photo of a famous _ (文物) in Egypt.答案：cultural relic4The project team helped protect the national parks in _ (联合共和国) of Tanzania.答案：the United Republic5He explained to us the _ (建筑过程) such a difficult structure.答案：process of building6The documents about the cultural relics _ (来自海外
4、) are under the desk.答案：from overseas7_ (出口) is the door through which you can leave a building.答案：An exit8_ (请再说一遍), but is this the Xuanyuan Mirror?答案：I beg your pardon9Its a mirror that can _ (分清是非)!答案：tell right from wrong10I see that youre looking at that carving _ (在屋顶上)答案：on the roof重点知识 合作探究
5、1entrance n. 入口；进入(教材P6)归纳拓展entrance to 的入口/门口(to表示“对象”“方向”)entrance of 的入口/门口(of表示“所属”)gain entrance to 获得进入的许可an entrance fee 入场费entrance examinations 入学考试Ill wait for you at the entrance_to the zoo tomorrow.明天我会在动物园的入口处等你。Students work hard in order to gain_entrance_to university.学生们为了能上大学而努力学习。名
6、师点津entrance常与介词to连用，有相同用法的词还有 answer， key (钥匙，关键)，way， guide等。如：the answer/key to the exercise 练习的答案；the key to the bike 自行车的钥匙(1)单句语法填空Guests have free entrance _ the swimming pool and the health club.答案：to(2)单句写作_ (的入口) the meeting room has already been closed._ (成功的关键) is hard work.答案：The entranc
7、e toThe key to success2forgive vt.& vi. (forgave; forgiven) 原谅；宽恕vt. 对不起；请原谅(教材P7)归纳拓展(1)forgive sb./yourself (for sth./for doing sth.) 原谅某人/你自己(为某事/为做某事)forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事(2)forgiveness n. 原谅；宽恕；宽宏大量Ill never forgive_her_for what she did.我绝不会原谅她做的事。Forgive_me_for_interrupting,_but
8、I really dont agree with that.请原谅我打断一下，不过我确实不同意那一点。He begged forgiveness for what he had done.他乞求饶恕他的所作所为。(1)单句语法填空Please forgive me for _ (be) impolite. I know you hate me and I dont ask for any _ (forgive) from you.答案：beingforgiveness(2)单句写作如果她从别人那里听到了真相，我永远不会原谅自己。Id never _ if she heard the truth
9、 from someone else.答案：forgive myselfGrammar定语从句单句语法填空1(2019天津高考)Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences.答案：where2The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring _ he had lost on the train.答案：which3Workers built shelters for survivors_homes had been de
10、stroyed.答案：whose4The film_we saw last night is very frightening.答案：that/which5The reason _she changed her mind is quite clear.答案：why/for which6The days _they travelled together meant a lot to him.答案：when/during which在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限
11、制性定语从句。前者紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；后者主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)Danny is a man who we should learn from.丹尼是我们应该向其学习的一个人。(作宾语)2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is Rose.老师经常表扬的那
12、个女孩是罗丝。(作宾语)3whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系， whose在定语从句中作定语。Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(whose在从句中作定语，修饰人)He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(whose在从句中作定语，修饰物)4which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。China is a
13、country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesnt work.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)5that即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。This is the novel that interests me.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)用定语从句合并下列句子Yesterday
14、 Emily was wearing the new dress. I lent her the new dress._I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music._The students article was published in the magazine. I know the student._The train was late. It was going to Nanning._I want to talk to the boys. Their homework hasnt been handed in._答案
15、：Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress (that/which) I lent her.I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.I know the student whose article was published in the magazine.The train that/which was going to Nanning was late.I want to talk to the boys whose homework hasnt been handed in.当
16、引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why或“介词which”。(一)关系副词的作用如下1指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。2在从句中充当句子成分状语，即在从句中起副词的作用。3起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。(二)关系副词引导的定语从句1when引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。(2)when可以换成“介词which”。I still remember the time when_
17、(in_which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。I have forgotten the exact date when_(on_which) this country became independent.我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。2where引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如 place, room, mountain, airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。(2)where可以换成“
18、介词which”。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要作出改变的地步。He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。This is the hotel where_(in_which) they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。3why引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。(2)w
19、hy可以用for which来代替。This is the reason why_(for_which) he left in a hurry. 这是他匆匆离去的原因。(1)选词填空(which, where)I still remember the village _ is quite and peaceful.I still remember the village _ we stayed for three days.答案：whichwhere(2)选词填空(which, when)The photo reminded me of the days_ we spent together
20、in the summer camp.The photo reminded me of the days_ I played hideandseek with my sisters.答案：whichwhen(3)选词填空(that, why)The reason _ he told me is different from yours.The reason _ he was late was that his car broke down on the way.答案：thatwhy学习效果 随堂演练.单词拼写1I can check email and _ (下载) music.答案：down
21、load2I think life itself is a learning _ (过程)答案：process3The Peoples_ (共和国) of China was founded on October 1, 1949.答案：Republic4One glimpse at himself in the _ (镜子) was enough.答案：mirror5I changed the_ (床单) on your bed today.答案：sheet.单句语法填空1The old man from Beijing is a famous _ (archaeology)答案：archae
22、ologist2This has also led to the _ (enter) of popular culture into China.答案：entrance3The _ (roof) of the cars were not damaged in the accident.答案：roofs4She pulled out two _ (sheet) of paper money from inside her jacket.答案：sheets5He will share his _ (profession) knowledge of health with us.答案：profess
23、ional.单句写作1最后，那些文物被保存在了一个远离水的地方。At last, the cultural relics were kept in a place _.答案：where they were safe from the water2来自海外的消息真的不容乐观。The news _ is really negative.答案：from overseas3我永远也不会宽恕你对我所做的事。I will never _ what you have done to me. 答案：forgive you for4我不知道他为什么没有照常来学校。I dont know the reason _
24、 school as usual.答案：why he didnt come to5据说那是一面镜子，可以分辨出善良与不友善。Its said that it was a mirror _ right from wrong.答案：that/which could tell课后课时作业完形填空There once was a king in a faraway country. One day, he decided to _1_ a prize to the artist who would paint the best picture of _2_. So many artists _3_.
25、The king looked at all the pictures. _4_ there were only two he really liked, and he had to _5_ between them. One picture was of a _6_ lake. The lake was a perfect mirror with peaceful huge mountains all around it. Above was a _7_ sky with light white clouds. All who _8_ this picture thought that it
26、 was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had _9_， too. But these were not flat at all. Above was a(n) _10_ sky, from which rain fell heavily and in which lightning played _11_. Down the side of the mountain was a waterfall with loud sound. This did not look _12_ at all.But when the king loo
27、ked _13_， he saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush _14_ in a crack (缝隙) in the rock. In the tree a mother bird had _15_ her comfortable home. There, with the current of angry water, the mother bird was _16_ her hungry children in the nest, taking no attention to the _17_ things around themin perfect
28、peace.Which picture do you think _18_ the prize? The king chose the second picture. Do you know why?“Because” said the king, “peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no _19_， trouble or hard work. Peace means although noisy things are around you, you _20_ keep calm in the heart. That is
29、the real meaning of peace.”篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了国王要在两幅画中选出一幅最能体现平静的画，一幅是平静的蓝天白云和湖泊；另一幅是在狂风暴雨下，在临近瀑布的灌木树上，正在给小鸟喂食的鸟妈妈。国王选择了第二幅画，在嘈杂的环境中，仍守住内心的宁静，这才是真正的平静。1A.take Boffer Csend Dleave答案：B谁画的画最好，国王就给谁一个大奖。offer “提供”。2A.peace Bsilence Cbeauty Dhonesty答案：A由下文“it was a perfect picture of peace”可知，要画一幅展现平静的画。
30、故peace “平静”，符合语境。3A.managed Btried Csucceeded Dwent答案：B每位画家都尝试画出一幅平静的画。try “尝试”，符合语境。4A.And BOr CSo DBut答案：D由下文“there were only two he really liked”可知，国王看了所有的画但只喜欢其中两幅画。5A.like Bchoose Cgive Dneed答案：B由“The king chose the second picture”可知，国王选择了一幅画。choose “选择”，符合语境。6A.terrible Bnoisy Ccalm Ddirty答案：C
31、由下文“it was a perfect picture of peace”可知，这是一幅十分宁静的画面。calm “镇静的，冷静的”，符合语境。7A.black Bblue Cgray Ddark答案：B由下文“with light white clouds”可知，蓝天白云可以展现出宁静祥和的画面。8A.had Bliked Cpainted Dsaw答案：D谁看到这幅画，都会觉得这是一幅宁静的画。9A.sky Bmountains Cpeace Dclouds答案：B由上文“The lake was a perfect mirror with peaceful huge mountains
32、 all around it.”可知，第二幅画上也画了山脉。mountain “山脉”，符合语境。10A.gentle Bangry Cblue Dsunny答案：B由下文“from which rain fell heavily”可以判断这幅画天空是灰蒙蒙的，电闪雷鸣，狂风暴雨。angry “生气的，天昏地暗的”，符合语境。11A.slowly Bgently Cwildly Dhappily答案：C由上文“from which rain fell heavily”可知，雨下得很大，而且时不时就有闪电。wildly “失去控制地”，符合语境。12A.peaceful Bnoisy Chapp
33、y Dbeautiful答案：A这幅画描绘了电闪雷鸣，一点也不像是一幅平静的画。peaceful “和平的”，符合语境。13A.closely Bstrictly Cquickly Dseriously答案：A由下文“he saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush”可知，当国王仔细看的时候，瀑布的后面有一小簇灌木。closely “仔细地”，符合语境。14A.planting Bcoming Crising Dgrowing答案：D灌木生长在岩石裂缝中。grow “成长”，符合语境。15A.created Bbuilt Cleft Dlain答案：B鸟妈妈将鸟巢
34、建造在灌木树上。build “建造”，符合语境。16A.beating Btouching Cfeeding Dspeaking答案：C由下文“her hungry children in the nest”可知，鸟妈妈正在喂饥饿的鸟宝宝。feed “喂养”，符合语境。17A.silent Bbeautiful Cfaraway Dnoisy答案：D由本段的描述可知，小鸟周围的环境是电闪雷鸣，十分嘈杂。故noisy “嘈杂的”，符合语境。18A.wanted Blost Cwon Dreceived答案：C由下文“The king chose the second picture.”可知，此处
35、指哪幅画赢得了奖项。win “赢得”，符合语境。19A.silence Bnoise Cpatience Djoy答案：B由下文“although noisy things are around you”可知，平静不意味着没有任何杂音。noise “杂音”，符合语境。20A.still Bagain Ceven Djust答案：A由上文“although noisy things are around you”可知，即使周围有嘈杂的环境仍然保持内心的安静才是真正的平静。still “仍然”，符合语境。语法填空(2019山西省沁县中学期中)The Amber Room _1_ (belong)t
36、o the great wonders of the world. It was originally _2_ (design) for the palace of Frederic._3_ took the countrys best artists about ten years to finish it. Everyone thought _4_ (high) of its style and design. Several tons of amber as well as gold and jewels were used to make it, so no wonder it is
37、worth a lot of money. But later, the next King of Prussia decided to give it as a gift to Peter the Great, _5_ gave Prussia a troop of his best soldiers _6_ return. Unfortunately, during the Second World War, the Nazi Germany was at war with Russia. In 1941, Germany invaded (入侵) Russia, and the Russ
38、ians had no time _7_ (remove) anything from the Amber Room except some furniture and small art objects. When the Nazis saw the Amber Room, there was no doubt _8_ they liked it so much that they took it apart and in less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twentyseven wooden boxes. The boxes
39、 were then put on a train for Konigsberg. Since then, the whole world has been _9_ search of the Amber Room. No one knows what _10_ (happen) to it and whether it still exists now. Maybe it will remain a mystery forever.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲琥珀屋的历史。1belongs考查主谓一致。The Amber Room
40、作主语，为第三人称单数形式，后面的动词也必须采用单数形式。belong to表示“属于”， 不用于被动语态和进行时，故答案为belongs。2designed考查动词的语态。be designed for sb./sth. “为某人/某物而设计”，故答案为designed。3It考查固定句式。It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. “花费某人多少时间完成某事”。句意：全国最好的艺术家花了大约十年的时间才完成。故答案为It。4highly考查固定短语。 think highly of “看重；器重；对评价高”。句意：每个人都对它的风格和设计给予高度评价。故答
41、案为highly。5who考查定语从句的引导词。gave前缺主语，Peter the Great作先行词，指人，故答案为who。6in考查固定短语。in return “作为报答；回报”。故答案为in。7to remove考查非谓语动词。have no time to do sth. “没有时间做某事”。故答案为to remove。8that考查固定句式。There is/was no doubt that . “毫无疑问”，that引导同位语从句。故答案为that。9in考查固定短语。in search of “寻找；搜寻”。故答案为in。10happened考查动词的时态。句意：没有人知道
42、它发生了什么，也不知道它现在是否还存在。根据句意，是指以前所发生的，故答案为happened。概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(2019浙江省温州中学高一上学期期中)Many people are fond of listening to music. Whether its light music or jazz music, it can improve our moods. Music has been with us since very early times in human history. Have you ever wondered how mus
43、ic might affect our health?Research shows that having musical training and listening to or playing music at an old age can help keep the brain healthy. Since listening to music is like exercising the brain, one can expect the benefits of better memory and mental sharpness as he or she ages.Music can
44、 make you feel happy, excited or even pumped up. Listening to music that hits you in a special way causes your brain to release dopamine, which is known as a “feelgood” chemical. It causes us to feel happy and excited. Listening to music provides us with the same burst of happiness that we would get
45、 from eating a piece of chocolate.Music can strengthen the heart and shorten the recovery time of patients who are suffering from heart disease. A study found that heart disease patients who listened to music for 30 minutes had lower blood pressure, slower heart rates and less sadness than those who
46、 didnt. Researchers from Drexel University found that cancer patients who either listened to music or worked with a music therapist had better blood pressure levels and improved moods.Music can reduce levels of the stress hormone, which weakens the immune (免疫) system, increasing risk of heart diseas
47、e, affecting learning and memory, lowering bone density (密度) and blood pressure, etc. Research found that by listening to just 50 minutes of uplifting music, the levels of antibodies in the human body increase.Research has found that listening to music promotes better sleep patterns for people and e
48、ven creates more restful sleep. In some cases, music might even be able to be used to effectively treat sleeplessness. Music can have positive effects on the soul and quality of life as well. 写前导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了音乐这一门艺术在促进人们健康方面所起的重要作用。精彩范文Music has been part of our lives since ancient times and it b
49、enefits our health. (要点1) Music can keep the aging brain healthy and make us happy or cheer us up. (要点2) As for its medical benefits, music is good for patients with heart disease, high blood pressure or cancer and can boost our immune system. (要点3) Besides, music can help us sleep well and positively affect our soul and quality of life. (要点4)
