1、第一部分题型解读题型一语法填空考向一有提示词一、提示词为动词动词在7个提示词中所占的比重最大，一般4个；以考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词以及词形转换为主。 1谓语和非谓语的判断根据英语的句法结构，如果一个句子中要出现多个动作，构成的句式有以下三种：典例1Modern methods 63.of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s，and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.(2019全国)to
2、 perform空格前出现了谓语动词are，且后边没有连词出现，故此处用非谓语动词；本句含有“主语beadj.不定式”结构，通常用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。故答案为to perform。典例2I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years.(2019全国)have made由第二个连词and可知，此处为两个并列句。故空处应填谓语动词，根据时间状语over the years可知，空处应用现在完成时，故答案为have made。2谓语动词的时态和语态判断所填空处为谓语动
3、词之后，根据以下三个步骤做题：典例3In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.(2019全国)have reported 根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语In recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。典例4Picking up her “Lifetime Achievem
4、ent” award，proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no plans 65.to retire from her 36yearold business.(2019全国)declared根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。典例5On the last day of our weeklong stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the star
5、s,70.listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019全国)were invited由“On the last day of our weeklong stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意知我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。3非谓语动词典例6On our way to the house，it was raining 61.so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 62 (g
6、et) there.(2019全国)to get此处考查“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”这一句型结构，表示“某人花费多长时间做某事”。典例7When we got a call 68 (say) she was shortlisted，we thought it was 69.a joke.(2019全国)sayingcall与say是主动关系，故用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容。二、提示词为名词一般考查名词单复数；有时也考名词变动词和名词变形容词。所以平时要注意结合构词法进行积累。典例8We are so proud of
7、 her.Its 70 (wonder)(2019全国)wonderful根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。典例9No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various 6 (activity) on Earth Day.(2019北京)activities根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。三、提示词为形容词或副词典例10It is difficult to figure out a global popula
8、tion of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied.(2019全国) poorly根据句意和结构分析可知，此处应用副词poorly修饰谓语动词studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。典例11Scientists have responded by 67.noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements，leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68
9、 (high) than they actually are.(2019全国)higher根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。四、提示词为代词一般考查人称代词变为物主代词，主格变为宾格，有时也考查人称代词变为反身代词。典例12Nervously 2.facing challenges，I know I will whisper to 3 (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”(2019北京)myself本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。典例13When
10、 the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive.(2018全国)them此处作find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。考向二无提示词一、填冠词空格后有可数名词，或者有序数词、最高级等形式，一般是填冠词。典例1Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six 70.are stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.(2019
11、全国)the考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。典例2When we got a call 68.saying she was shortlisted，we thought it was 69 joke.(2019全国)a考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。二、填介词介词位于名词、名词词组、代词或动名词前；动词后面的固定搭配，需要强化记忆。典例3We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs，seven to be exact.(2019全国)
12、of考查介词。固定短语a pack of意为“一群”。故填of。典例4First celebrated 5 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区)(2019北京)in表示“在(某年、某月等)”要用介词in。故填in。三、填连词1填并列连词：高频考点为and，but，or或so，构成并列、转折、选择、因果关系。特别注意although/though 不与but 连用。because不能与so连用。2填从句引导词： 当空格后为句子，而此句子又不与前面或后面的句子并列时，一般是填从句引导词
13、。定语从句要注意分析句子整体结构和从句缺少的成分；名词性从句要结合句意和缺少的成分；状语从句注意主从句的逻辑关系。典例5While they are rare north of 88，there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019全国)that考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。典例6I work not becau
14、se I have to， 67 because I want to.(2019全国)but考查连词。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是而是”之意，故填but。四、填代词当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应该是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是指物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也可能填不定代词等。典例7If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to g
15、et the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.(2018全国)it/running此处号召我们尝试一下跑步，因此可以填名词running，也可以用it指代。故填it或running。典例8Many westerners 57.that/who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.(2018浙江)it分析句子结构可知，
16、不定式to eat out是真正的主语，it 是形式主语。故填it。.语法填空有提示词专练(2018全国改编)According to a review of 1. (evident) in a medical journal,2. (run) live three years 3. (long) than nonrunners.You dont have to run fast or for long 4. (see) the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of 5. (die) ea
17、rly by running.While running 6. (regular) cant make you live forever，the review says it 7._(be) more effective at 8. (length) life than walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the 9. (author) of the review also made a study 10. (publish) in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running 11.
18、 (reduce) the risk of heart disease and early 12. (die) from all 13. (cause)The 14. (good) exercise of all is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.its 15. (probable) running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 16. (strength) your leg muscles，avoid 17. (climb) hill
19、s and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and its always 18. (energy)If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other 19. (form) of sports，so perhaps running should 20. (give) a try.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。即使你的时间不宽裕，每天跑步十分钟也能达到延长寿命的效果。1答
20、案evidence解析考查形容词变名词。介词of后缺少宾语，故填evident的名词形式evidence。2答案runners解析考查动词变名词。此处缺少主语，另外谓语动词live用的是动词原形，所以动词变名词后，需用复数形式。3答案longer解析考查副词的比较等级。句中的than是比较级的标志，故填long的比较级longer。4答案to see解析考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此句意为“你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很长时间就会见到效果”，此处不定式短语to see the benefit作目的状语。5答案dying解析考查非谓语动词之动名词。介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式。6答案regul
21、arly解析考查副词。提示词为形容词，设空处修饰run这一动作，故用副词修饰动词。7答案is解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，这里用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词用is。8答案lengthening解析考查名词变动词。因为后面有宾语life，所以此处应该用动词。又因为前面有介词at，所以需要用动词的v.ing形式。long变成动词和名词都属于不规则变化，需要牢记。long adj.长的，length n长度，lengthen v延长。9答案authors解析考查名词的单复数。根据语境two of可知，后面应用名词的复数形式。10答案published解析考查非谓语
22、动词。前面已经出现谓语动词made，后面没有并列连词，没有从句引导词，所以动词只能用非谓语形式。publish和前面的名词study构成被动关系，所以用过去分词published。11答案reduced解析考查时态。showed后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的时态要跟前面的动词保持一致，所以要用一般过去时reduced。12答案deaths解析考查动词变名词。设空处和heart disease为and连接的两个并列成分，再结合其前面的形容词early可知，此处应该填名词。death表示“死亡”，是可数名词，所以用复数形式。13答案causes解析考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数
23、名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。14答案best解析考查形容词最高级。由前面的定冠词the 和后面的of all可确定用形容词的最高级。15答案probably解析考查形容词变副词。此处是副词修饰整个句子，故答案为probably。以辅音字母le结尾的形容词变副词时，直接把e变成y。如possible变为possibly。16答案strengthen解析考查词性转换之名词变动词。此处不定式短语作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。17答案climbing解析考查非谓语动词。avoid后面需要加v.ing作宾语。18答案energetic解析考查词性转换之
24、名词变形容词。连系动词is后接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。19答案forms解析考查名词单复数。other后面需要加名词复数。20答案be given解析考查时态和语态。情态动词should后要跟动词原形，且running和give a try之间为被动关系，故填should be given。.语法填空无提示词专练(每空限一词)(2018全国改编)Im not sure 21. is more frightened，me 22. the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Im w
25、alking 23. a path in the forest in the Central African Republic 24. ，unexpectedly，I meet the gorilla,25. begins screaming at 26. top of her lungs.27. makes her baby scream，and then a 400pound male appears.He screams 28. loudest of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats 29. chest and charge
26、s toward me.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes 30. he doesnt feel challenged.My name is Mireya Mayor，a scientist 31. job is to study animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 32. these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen
27、 them for hours,33. made my colleagues and I worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find 34. alive.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm.35. saying：“Im king of this forest，and here is your reminder！”，he wanted to deliver his m
28、essage.After that，he allowed me to stay and watch.21答案who/which解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕，是我还是那只不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。22答案or解析考查连词。连接两个并列的名词，并且表示选择关系，所以用or。23答案on解析考查介词。在道路上行走，用介词on。24答案when解析考查连词。此处引导时间状语从句，从句谓语是一个短暂性动作，故用when。25答案who/which解析考查定语从句的关系词。定语从句修饰先行词the gorilla，所以用who/which引导。26答案the解析考查冠词
29、。at the top of ones lungs用尽量大的声音，放声大叫，为固定搭配。27答案That解析考查代词。that指代上文中雄性黑猩猩大声吼叫的这件事，同名同物，所以用That。28答案the解析考查冠词。最高级前面用定冠词the。29答案his解析考查代词。此处名词chest前缺形容词性物主代词，对它起修饰作用，再联系上下文可知，此处应填his。30答案so解析考查连词。句意为：我迅速矮下身，低下头来，不直视他的眼睛，这样他就不会感觉到被挑战。表因果关系，所以填so。31答案whose解析考查定语从句的关系词。job和scientist之间为所属关系，所以填whose。32答案f
30、or解析考查介词。search for寻找，为固定搭配。33答案which解析考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是主句整句话，关系词在从句中作主语，表示“这一点”“这件事”，所以用which。34答案them解析考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格，指代上文的猩猩们。35答案By解析考查介词。by doing在此作方式状语。强化练(一)A(2019山西太原五中检测)Although not everyone will have pondered(思索) the subject while staring out of the window duri
31、ng 1. flight，the question as to why aeroplanes have circular windows rather than square ones is interesting.Over the years，aerospace engineering 2. (make) huge leaps in aeroplane technology，meaning planes can carry more passengers and go 3. (fast)The planes have also changed shape to increase safety
32、including the windows.In the 1950s 4. jetliners(喷气式客机) were starting to become mainstream，the De Havilland Comet came 5. fashion.With a pressurised cabin，it was able to go higher and faster than other aircraft.6 ，the plane had square windows and in 1953 two planes fell apart in the air,7. (kill) 56
33、people in total.What caused the 8. (crash)? The windows.9 theres a corner，theres a weak spot.Windows，having four corners，have four potential weak spots，making them likely to crash under stresssuch as air pressure.By curving the window，the stress that would 10. (eventual) crack the window corner is d
34、istributed and the likelihood of its breaking is reduced.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。虽然不是每个人都会在飞行时盯着窗外思考这个问题，但“飞机的窗户为什么是圆形而不是方形”这个问题确实很有趣。文章讲述了飞机窗户是如何改进的。1答案a解析考查不定冠词。句意为：虽然不是每个人都会在飞行时盯着窗外思考这个问题，但“飞机为什么有圆形窗户而不是方形窗户”这个问题很有趣。此处用不定冠词来表示一类事情，故答案为a。2答案has made解析考查时态。根据Over the years可知，句子用现在完成时态，且主语是aerospace engineerin
35、g，为第三人称单数形式，故答案为has made。3答案faster解析考查比较级。此处and连接两个并列成分，根据and前的more passengers可知，此处用比较级，故答案为faster。4答案when解析考查定语从句。句意为：20世纪50年代，喷气式客机开始成为主流，哈维兰彗星型客机成为时尚。此处the 1950s是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语从句，故答案为when。5答案into解析考查固定词组。句意参考上题解析。come into fashion流行起来。故答案为into。6答案However解析考查表示转折的副词。句意为：然而，这架飞机的窗户是方形的，1953年，两架
36、飞机在空中解体，造成56人死亡。此句与上文构成一种转折关系，故答案为However。7答案killing解析考查现在分词作结果状语。句意参考上题解析。此处是现在分词短语作结果状语，故答案为killing。8答案crashes解析考查名词复数。句意为：飞机坠毁的原因是什么？结合上文的“两架飞机在空中解体”可知，此处的名词用复数形式，故答案为crashes。9答案Where解析考查地点状语从句。此处是where引导的地点状语从句。位于句首，首字母大写。故答案为Where。10答案eventually解析考查词性转换。此处crack是动词，应由副词修饰，故答案为eventually。B(2019江西
37、师大附中三模) The Future Life on MarsCompared with the life we 11. (live) on the earth now，the future life on Mars will be 12. (total) different.Firstly，without pollution on Mars，people will be able to drink cleaner water 13. breathe fresher air，so they will be 14. (health)The food on Mars will be differe
38、nt from 15._(we) food now.People will just take 16. (pill) and drink manmade juice instead of eating bread and meat.Secondly，people will travel back to the earth or to other planets for sightseeing by spaceship.Additionally，there will be no 17. (fix) schools and classrooms.Children will just fly to
39、18. classroom 19. the school spaceships.And people wont work in factories or companies.They can stay at home,20. (work) with computers.11答案are living解析考查现在进行时。句意为：与我们现在地球上的生活相比较，未来火星上的生活将完全不同。由now可知，本句为现在进行时。故填 are living。12答案totally解析考查副词。totally为副词，修饰形容词different。故填totally。13答案and解析考查连词。分析句意可知，本句表
40、示两个动作的并列，所以填连词and。14答案healthier解析考查形容词比较级。由cleaner，fresher可知，空处填healthy的比较级healthier。15答案our解析考查代词。分析句意可知，本句在说明火星上的食物将不同于我们现在的食物，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词来修饰food。故填our。16答案pills解析考查名词复数。句意为：人们将只吃药片，喝人造果汁，而不是吃面包和肉。take pills吃药，其中pill为可数名词，其前无任何修饰词，所以用pill的复数pills。17答案fixed解析考查形容词。句意为：此外，将没有固定的学校和教室。fixed为形容词，修饰
41、名词短语schools and classrooms。故填fixed。18答案the解析考查冠词。句意为：孩子们将乘坐学校的宇宙飞船飞到教室。分析句子可知，本句特指教室，所以用定冠词the。19答案in解析考查介词。in the school spaceships乘宇宙飞船。in在内部。20答案working解析考查现在分词。分析句子可知，they与work在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作伴随状语。故填working。C(2019安徽合肥六中最后一卷)Cold Food Day，which honors Jie Zitui，a hermit(隐士) who lived some 260
42、0 years ago，used to be observed 21. (wide)，but today few Chinese observe it except on and around the mountain on 22. the hermit lived.Jie Zitui served 23. an advisor to Chonger，a prince in the state of Jin.A civil war forced the prince 24. (leave) Jin and Jie Zitui followed him.25. ，when Chonger ret
43、urned and became the ruler of Jin，his followers were rewarded with money，land and official jobs 26. Jie Zitui was overlooked.So Jie Zitui chose the life of a hermit on Mt.Mian，where he took care of his elderly mother.Chongers men set fire to Mt.Mian to drive him out of 27. mountain and then rewarded
44、 him.But Jie and his mother refused and were burned to death.Out of 28. (sad)，Chonger declared Cold Food Day in honor of him.It 29. (celebrate) for centuries in China until 30. (replace) by the more popular Tomb Sweeping Festival，which begins the day after.21答案widely解析考查词性转换。修饰动词observed用副词，故用widely
45、“广泛地”。22答案which解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“on the hermit lived”为定语从句修饰先行词mountain，从句缺on的宾语，故用关系代词which。23答案as解析考查介词。serve as“充当”，故用as。24答案to leave解析考查非谓语动词。force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事，故用to leave。25答案However解析考查副词。分析前后句可知，前一句讲述重耳被迫离开晋国，后一句讲返回晋国后重耳成了统治者，前后表示转折，故用副词However。26答案while解析考查状语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，本句描述介子推与
46、其他人的对比，故用while。27答案the解析考查定冠词。根据前文“So Jie Zitui chose the life of a hermit on Mt.Mian”可知，介子推选择在绵山上当一名隐士，而重耳命令随从们烧山，想把介子推从这座山里逼出来，故特指隐居的那座山，故用the。28答案sadness解析考查名词。of后接名词作宾语，故用sadness。29答案was celebrated/had been celebrated解析考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺谓语，celebrate与主语为动宾关系，故用被动语态，清明节取代寒食节发生在过去，因此可以用一般过去时，也
47、可以用过去完成时，故答案为was celebrated或者had been celebrated。30答案replaced解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，replace与其逻辑主语it之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词形式replaced。D(2019河南八市重点高中联考)Calligraphy is a visual art 31. (relate) to writing.It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument，brush，or other writing instruments.In C
48、hina，calligraphy is referred to 32. shufa.Chinese calligraphy has 33. long tradition，and is today regarded as one of the arts in the countries 34. it is practiced.Chinese calligraphy 35. (focus) not only on methods of writing but also on cultivating ones character.Chinese calligraphy is a form of ae
49、sthetically pleasing writing.This type of expression has been widely practiced in China and has been 36. (general) held in high esteem across East Asia.Calligraphy 37. (consider) as one of the four best friends of ancient Chinese literati，along with 38. (play) stringed musical instrument，the board g
50、ame “go”，and painting.There are some general standardizations of the 39. (vary) styles of calligraphy in this tradition.Distinguishing features of Chinese painting and calligraphy include an emphasis on motion charged with dynamic life.Calligraphy has also led to the development of many 40. (form) o
51、f art in China，including seal carving，ornate paperweights，and inkstones.31答案related解析考查形容词短语。be related to与相关，在句中作定语，修饰名词art。故填related。32答案as解析考查介词。be referred to as.被认为是。故填as。33答案a解析考查冠词。名词tradition为可数名词，前用不定冠词a。句意为：中国书法有着悠久的传统。故填a。34答案where解析考查定语从句。句中先行词为countries，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。35答案foc
52、uses解析考查时态。根据全文时态可知，此处用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填focuses。句意为：中国书法不仅注重书写方法，而且注重品格的培养。故填focuses。36答案generally解析考查副词。修饰动词held，应用副词形式。故填generally。37答案is considered解析考查时态和语态。全文的时态都是一般现在时，且主语Calligraphy与动词consider之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is considered。38答案playing解析考查非谓语动词。空前是介词，设空处充当介词的宾语，需填入名词或动名词，结合句意可知，填playing。39答案various/varied解析考查形容词。修饰名词styles，应用形容词形式，vary的形容词形式是various/varied。40答案forms解析考查名词的复数。名词form为可数名词，其前有many修饰，故用复数形式。故填forms。
