1、Unit 1 People of AchievementB卷 能力提升一、阅读理解1. Mother Teresa was a great woman, who did a lot to improve the social conditions of mankind. Due to her contribution to society, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize at the age of 69. She was brought up in a Catholic family. When she was only seven, she lo
2、st her father. Even as a child, she was interested in the life of missionaries (传教士). At the age of 18, she decided that she would become a nun. She left her home and went to join the Sisters of Loreto. It was the first step that she made towards providing services for mankind. On October 7th, 1950,
3、 Mother Teresa received Vaticans permission to start the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, the mission of which would be to take care of the needy, the homeless, and people who were shunned by society. Then it had a number of branches all over the country. The journey of Mother Teresas Missionari
4、es of Charity started with the creation of homes for the Dying. In 1983, Mother Teresa suffered from a serious heart attack while she was in Rome. However, she recovered. But, in late 1989, she got an attack again. Her condition went worse and in 1991, she suffered from pneumonia. Taking her health
5、problems into consideration, Mother Teresa decided to resign (辞职). A secret vote was conducted in which all the nuns voted for the stay of Mother Teresa except herself. So, she agreed to continue serving as the head of the Missionaries of Charity. Day by day her health was getting worse. On Septembe
6、r 5th, 1997, exactly the ninth day after her 87th birthday, this great soul departed for heaven.1.Why did Mother Teresa devote her life to the religious life?A.Because her parents had a deep influence on her.B.Because she wanted to provide services for others.C.Because she thought the life of missio
7、naries was simple.D.Because she came to know the Sisters of Loreto.2.Which of the following words can replace the underlined word shunned?A.Cared.B.Concerned.C.Ignored.D.Affected.3.Why did Mother Teresa decide to resign from her post?A.She realized she couldnt fully serve the people in need.B.She wa
8、s only worried about her condition.C.She wished to lead a more comfortable life.D.She knew a heart attack would take her life away at any time.2. Helen Thayer, one of the greatest explorers of the 20th century, loves challenges. She says, I like to see whats on the other side of the hill. She has go
9、ne almost everywhere to do that. In 1988, at the age of 50, she became the first woman to travel alone to the North Pole. She pulled her own sled piled with 160 pounds of supplies, and during her trip no one brought her fresh supplies. Accompanied only by her dog Charlie, she survived cold weather a
10、nd meetings with polar bears. In fact, Charlie saved her life when one of them attacked her. Near the end of her trip, a forceful wind blew away the majority of her supplies. The last week of the trip, she survived on a handful of nuts and a little water each day. Helen goes to challenging places no
11、t only for adventure, but also for education. Before her Arctic journey, she started a website called Adventure Classroom. On the site, she shares her adventures in order to motivate (激发)students. She explains, Although kids often see the world in a negative way, without hope for their future, we wo
12、rk to inspire them to set goals, plan for success and never give up. Helen grew up in New Zealand. Her parents were athletes and mountain climbers. Following her parents example, sheclimbed her first mountain at 9. Later, she climbed the highest mountains in North and South America, the former USSR
13、and New Zealand. In 1996, she took on another challengethe Sahara Desert. She and her husband, Bill, walked 2,400 miles across it! In 2001, she and Bill traveled on foot from west to east through the Gobi Desert in Mongolia. They hope to travel in China into Sichuan to study pandas this year. Helen
14、plans to continue taking trips. Shell use her explorations, writing, photography and environmental work to create programs for her Adventure Classroom website. She wants to inspire her students never to stop facing challenges!1.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A.Helen Thayer is the first person to
15、 reach the North Pole.B.Helen Thayer ate nothing during the last week of her trip.C.Charlie prevented Helen being attacked by polar bears.D.Helen Thayer traveled to the North Pole together with her husband.2.Why does Helen travel to different places worldwide?A.For education.B.For fun.C.For money.D.
16、For fame.3.Which is the best title for the text?A.The Woman Who Loves AdventureB.A Famous WomanC.A Woman Mountain ClimberD.The Owner of Adventure Classroom4.Which of the following places has Helen not visited yet?A.The North Pole.B.The Sahara Desert.C.The Gobi Desert.D.Sichuan.3. Every summer, my fa
17、mily and I visit our relatives in India and whenever we travel, my parents always remind me to drink only bottled or boiled water. On one of my trips to India, I saw children drinking water from the roadside. I was troubled to learn that millions of people, most of them children in developing countr
18、ies, die each year because of water-related diseases. Living in the US, I am lucky to be able to turn on the tap and get potable water (饮用水), while one sixth of the worlds population lacks access to clean water. This year, I entered the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge. In late June,
19、 I learnt that I was selected as one of the top 10 national finalists of this famous middle school science competition. Over the summer, I worked with Dr Jim Jonza, my scientist mentor (导师) from 3M, and developed a system that uses solar energy to purify water. My invention is green and cost-effecti
20、ve, and I am looking forward to implementing this in places that are affected by harmful water pollution. In October, my family and I flew to 3M headquarters in St Paul, Minnesota, where the final event was to be held. For the last challenge, each of us had to present the invention we had been worki
21、ng on over the summer. The first place winner would win $25,000, a trip to Costa Rica, and the title of Americas Top Young Scientist. At the awards ceremony, all of us waited anxiously until one of the judges, Danny Forester, started announcing The winner, he Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist C
22、hallenge is. You could hear a pin (大头针) drop as he opened the paper with the winners name, Deepika Kurup! As Americas Top Young Scientist. I was given an opportunities to show my invention on national television and deliver several presentations. One of the most important things I have learnt is tha
23、t communication and teamwork are key to success.1.Why does the author mention her visits to India?A.To express her great love for India.B.To show the problem of unclean water.C.To explain the importance of relatives.D.To compare eastern and western cultures.2.Which of the following can replace the u
24、nderlined word implementing in Paragraph 2?A.Researching.B.Changing.C.Finishing.D.Using.3.How did the audience react as Forester opened the paper with the winners name?A.They appeared calm.B.They let out shouts of joy.C.They sat quietly.D.They dropped pins to the author.4.How is the text mainly orga
25、nised?A.In order of time.B.In order of complexity (复杂性).C.In order of place.D.In order of importance.4. The Nobel Prize in Literature, which has been awarded annually almost every year since 1901, netted(净赚) the winning author 747,000 pounds, a medal and a certificate, and the legal duty to deliver
26、a lecture in Sweden at some future dates. The winner was selected, as usual, by the Swedish Academy, which also picked a second laureate (获奖者) this year to make up for the fact that no prize was presented in 2018 because of a scandal(丑闻). The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2018 was awarded to the Pol
27、ish author Olga Tokarczuk for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic(百科全书式的) passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life. She won last years Man Booker International Prize for her novel Flights. Her representative works include Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead a
28、nd Primeval and Other Times. The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2019 was awarded to the Austrian author Peter Handke for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity (语言的独创性) has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience. His representative works include A Sorrow Beyond Dre
29、ams and Slow Homecoming. Before the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Literature winners, there were also two nominees(被提名者) who have attracted much attention. Chinese people were keeping an eye on the nominee Can Xue. Can Xue, whose real name is Deng Xiaohua, was born in central Chinas Hunan Provi
30、nce in 1953. She had a tough childhood, working as a worker in a street factory for eight years. Her life experience has formed her own unique literary path. Cans books have been translated and published outside China. Frontier, published in the US in 2017, won attention and applause of the West. Th
31、e other hot guess was the Japanese writer Haruki Murakami whose books and stories had been bestsellers in Japan as well as internationally, with his work being translated into 50 languages and selling millions of copies outside his native country. His work has received numerous awards. Internet user
32、s kept an eye on him in the Nobel Prize in Literature because he had become a hot guess for years. His representative works include Norwegian Wood, Kafka on the Shore and 1Q84.1.Why are two writers awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature this year?A.To fill the prize gap of 2018.B.To attract more peop
33、les attention.C.To inspire more outstanding writers.D.To satisfy the development of literature.2.What made Olga Tokarczuk win the Nobel Prize in Literature?A.Her high popularity.B.Her language skills.C.Her numerous works.D.Her writing style.3.Which book can you choose if you are interested in Peters
34、 style?A.Flights.B.Slow Homecoming.C.Frontier.D.Kafka on the Shore.4.Why did the Internet users pay close attention to Haruki Murakami?A.Because he had created hundreds of great novels.B.Because he had received lots of awards all the time.C.Because he had been supposed to win the prize for years.D.B
35、ecause he had been recognized as the most popular writer.二、阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost a year old, she returned with her family to England. Florence often helped her mother deliver food to the po
36、or and sick._ Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession. But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. _ In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to t
37、he British hospital in Scutari (now skdar in Istanbul) and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere._ Many soldiers died before receiving help. The doctors wouldnt listen to Florence because they didnt like the idea of women in army hospitalsuntil o
38、ne day 500 unexpected casualties (伤亡者)arrived._ Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp. When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honor. Many of the soldiers she had nu
39、rsed had made contributions. Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London. After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals._ All of this was because of the lady with the lamp.A.Nursing became an honored profession.B.There was no running water
40、and no heat.C.She knew she had much to learn about nursing.D.Florence saw the soldiers health had improved.E.As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.F.They soon realized that Florence knew what she was doing.G.Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management.三、完形填空 If you were
41、given one final wish, what would you wish for? Would you wish to visit a1 place important to you? Perhaps you wish to talk to someone very dear to you? For the 70-year-old Peter Robson, it was a(n)2 question. Peter was dying because of a serious lung disease. Due to his3 , staff at the hospital aske
42、d his family if he had any last wish to make him at least comfortable. Peters last wish was to see his dog for the last time.4 , its almost impossible for his wish to be permitted because bringing pets of any kind is strictly5 by the hospital due to possible issues with infection that may6 . Peters
43、family knew that the dying mans last wish wouldnt be granted.7 , Peters nurses went out of their way to make Peters final wish come true. Just 20 minutes after Peters8 told the staff about his last wish, they9 the go-ahead they didnt expect to come : they can now bring Shep to the 10. Peter and Shep
44、s reunion was both 11 and heartbreaking to watch. Peter was very 12to meet Shep again, and it was obvious that Shep 13 the same way. Just hours after the two were 14 ,Peter passed away. Ashley Stevens, Peters granddaughter, said that Shep has been withPeter for eight years now. Peter 15 the pet dog
45、after his wife died. The efforts of the nurses in charge didnt go unnoticed. Ashley posted on a social website about her entire familys gratefulness for the nurses.(1).A.specificB.permanentC.abstractD.universal(2).A.regularB.unexpectedC.easyD.helpful(3).A.positionB.stageC.statusD.condition(4).A.Simi
46、larlyB.NaturallyC.EventuallyD.Unfortunately(5).A.permittedB.expectedC.forbiddenD.required(6).A.enterB.escapeC.occurD.rush(7).A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.Instead(8).A.friendsB.familyC.doctorD.nurses(9).A.acceptedB.soughtC.admittedD.received(10).A.shelterB.houseC.hospitalD.company(11).A.funnyB.be
47、autifulC.horribleD.strange(12).A.happyB.sadC.interestedD.disappointed(13).A.gaveB.madeC.tookD.felt(14).A.combinedB.unitedC.linkedD.trapped(15).A.leftB.sacrificedC.heldD.got四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the
48、 _(discover) of artemisinin, which has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria. It is believed that it saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. Born in Ningbo, China in 1930, Tu Youyou is a _(commit) and patient scientist. In 1967, some scientists were chosen to form a team_ the objectiv
49、e of discovering a new treatment for malaria, one of_ was Tu Youyou. To find a new treatment, Tu and her team looked through many ancient Chinese medical texts and evaluated 280,000 plants before _(obtain) the pure substance artemisinin. Inspired by a text from the fourth century, Tus team tested a
50、collection of dried wormwood leaves and used the liquid by boiling fresh wormwood, but they didnt work. Tu Youyou realised that the high temperature might have destroyed its medical _(property). She tried using a lower temperature to draw out the extract. After failing more than 190 times, the team
51、_(final) succeeded in finding a substance that worked. After the drug showed promising results, Tu and her team members insisted that the drug _(test) on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Awarded the Nobel Prize, Tu said, the honour was not just _(she) but the teams and all the people of her
52、 countrys. This success is indeed_ honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine.五、请根据下面提示,写一篇介绍著名科学家屠呦呦的短文。词数6080。1.屠呦呦是一位忠诚的科学家,1930年出生于浙江。(commit)2.大学毕业后,她一直从事研究工作,目的是找到治疗疟疾的新疗法。(graduate, objective)3.经历了许多次失败后,她终于找到了青蒿素,这是一种公认的治疗疟疾的有效药物。(defeat, effective)4.由于她对医学界的贡献,2015年她被授予诺贝尔奖。
53、 (contribution, award)_阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 The event that stands out in Toms memory happened one morning when Tom was only ten years old. He was at home with his elder sister Jane. Tom was doing his homework when he heard raised voices. At first he thought nothing of i
54、t since customers in the motorcycle shop directly below their flat often became loud, but he soon realized this time it was different. Quick! Quick! Remove the motorcycles from the shop. someone shouted. Then a thick burning smell filled the air. When Tom opened the front door of their flat to inves
55、tigate, a thick cloud of smoke greeted him. The motorcycle shop had caught fire and people were running and crying. Jane, who had been playing the violin in her room, hurried to the living room. They rushed out of the door and along the corridor (走廊)through the smoke. They were heading towards the s
56、tairway at the far end of the corridor when Jane suddenly stopped in her track. She turned around and headed back the way they came. Tom had no idea what she was doing, but he followed her. Jane had suddenly remembered the lady in her 70s who lived next door to them, who they called Makcik. Jane beg
57、an banging on Makciks door, but got no answer. As the smoke thickened around them, Tom could see many of their neighborssome still in their pajamas (睡衣)running for safety. The thought of fear crossed his mind. She would have run for safety like everyone else! Tom cried. However, Jane refused to give
58、 up. I know Makciks still inside. She said she was familiar with Makciks daily routine and was certain she would still be sleeping. She pounded against the door. Go downstairs. Go now! Go! Paragraph 1 : Tom noticed the flame was reaching up._Paragraph 2 ： Luckily, some neighbors passing by stopped a
59、nd offered help._答案以及解析一、1.答案：(1)-(3)BCA解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,Mother Teresa献身于宗教生活是因为她想为别人提供服务。故选B。(2).词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知the needy, the homeless和people who were shunned by society 是并列关系,显然这些人都是需要被社会关注的,所以此处应该是“被社会忽视的人”。故选C。(3).细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句可知,Mother Teresa决定辞职是因为她的健康每况愈下,她意识到她不能完全为需要帮助的人服务。故选A。
60、2.答案：(1)-(4)CAAD解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第二段的第三、四句“ Accompanied only by her dog Charlie, she survived cold weather and meetings with polar bears. In fact, Charlie saved her life when one of them attacked her.”可知,C项正确。(2).细节推断题。根据文章第三段第一句“ Helen goes to challenging places not only for adventure, but also for e
61、ducation.”可知,她旅游不仅是为了冒险,还是为了教育。(3).主旨大意题。 Helen Thayer去北极、撒哈拉大沙漠等条件极其有挑战性的地方旅游,由此可知她是个爱探险的女人。(4).推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“ They hope to travel in China into Sichuan to study pandas this year.”可知,他们希望今年到中国的四川研究熊猫。这说明他们还没有游览过四川。3.答案：1-4.BDCA解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句I was troubled to learn that millions of people, mo
62、st of them children in developing countries, die each year because of water-related diseases.可知,作者提到自己去印度的经历是为了说明人们缺乏清洁水的问题。故选B项。2.词义猜测题。根据My invention is green and cost-effective 可知作者有了某项发明,再由画线词后的内容可知作者希望自己的发明用到有水污染的地方,故implementing是“应用”的意思。3.细节理解题。根据You could hear a pin drop as he opened the pape
63、r with the winners name可知,宣布获奖名单时,你甚至可以听到大头针落地的声音。由此可知,观众都非常安静地坐着,故选C项。4.推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者主要按时间顺序回顾了自己在探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛中夺冠的经历。故选A项。 4.答案：(1)-(4)ADBC解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第一段可知瑞典学院今年还选出了第二名获奖者,以弥补在2018年由于一桩丑闻而没有颁发诺贝尔文学奖这件事。故选A。(2).推理判断题。根据第二段中的The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2018 was awarded to the Polish aut
64、hor Olga Tokarczuk for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic(百科全书式的)passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life. 可知波兰作家奥尔加托卡尔丘克因为“她的叙事想象力富于百科全书式的激情,代表了一种跨越边界的生命形式”而获得了2018 年的诺贝尔文学奖,也就是说她的写作风格使她赢得了这个奖。(3).细节理解题。根据第三段中的His representative works include A Sorrow Beyond Dream
65、s and Slow Homecoming.可知Slow Homecoming是Peter的代表作之一,如果对Peter 的风格感兴趣可以看这本书。(4).细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Internet users kept an eye on him in the Nobel Prize in Literature because he had become a hot guess for years.可知互联网用户关注着村上春树是因为多年来他都是这个奖的热门人选,这说明多年来大家认为他应该获得这个奖。 二、答案：EGBFA解析：根据下一句“ Her family was shocked be
66、cause nursing was not a respected profession”可知,E项“随着南丁格尔慢慢长大,她决定要当一名护士”符合该处语境。 根据上一句“ Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. 可知,南丁格尔回到家乡后已经非常熟悉医院管理方面的知识。B项内容与上一句 “The hospital left men lying on the for, and rats were running everywhere.”并列,描述医院
67、的惨状。根据上一句中的“The doctors wouldnt listen to Florence”和下一句中的“ Florence made changes”可知,空格处在此承上启下,因此F项“他们很快意识到南丁格尔知道她自己在做什么”符合该处语境。根据上一段末句中的“ she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London”以及该段中的“cleaner and more cheerful hospitals”可知,南丁格尔经过多年的努力使得护士成了一个令人尊敬的职业。三、答案：(1)-(5)ACDDC;(6)-(10)CABD
68、C;(11)-(15)BADBD解析：(1).根据下文的“ important to you”可知,这里指“一个对你来说很重要的特定的(specific)的地方”。(2).根据“ Peters last wish to see his dog可知,这是一个很简单的(easy)问题。(3).由于他的状况(condition),医护人员问他的家人他是否有最后的愿望。(4).根据下文提到的“医院禁止宠物进入”可知,此处应为不幸的是(unfortunately),他的愿望要得到准许几乎是不可能的”。(5).根据下文提到的“due to possible issues with infection”可知
69、,任何种类的宠物都被医院严格禁止( forbidden)。(6).因为可能会发生( occur)感染问题。(7).然而( however), Peter的护士们特意让他最后的愿望得以实现。(8).根据下文的“, told the staff about his last wish”可知,这里指 Peter的家人( family)。(9).根据上文提到 Peter的家人告诉了护士他的最后愿望可知,此处意为“他们就接到( received)了出乎意料的批准”。(10).根据上文可知,这里指“他们现在就可以把Shep带到医院( hospital)来”。(11).Peter和Shep的重聚看上去既美丽
70、( beautiful)又令人心碎。(12).Peter的最后愿望是看一眼Shep,所以自然很高兴(happy)。(13).很明显Shep也有同样的感受(felt)。(14).就在他俩团聚( united)的几小时后, Peter就去世了。(15).妻子去世后, Peter得到(got)了这只宠物狗。四、答案：1-10.discovery; committed; with ; whom ; obtaining; properties; finally; be tested; hers; an解析：设空处前有定冠词the修饰,作介词for的宾语,应用名词。 设空处作定语,与patient共同修饰
71、名词scientist,应用形容词。故填committed,意为“坚定的”。with the objective of意为“目的是”。one of _ was Tu Youyou是非限制性定语从句,关系词代指前面的some scientists,指人,作介词of的宾语,应用whom。设空处作介词before 的宾语,应用动名词形式。property意为“性质,特征”时是可数名词,此处是指很多特性,所以应用复数形式。设空处修饰整个句子,应用副词形式。设空处为that从句的谓语动词,insist作“坚决要求”时,其后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可以省
72、略;test与the drug之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。设空处作表语,意为“她的”,应用名词性物主代词。此处hers相当于her honour。honour在此处是抽象名词具体化,故前面应用不定冠词,honour的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。五、答案： Tu Youyou, who is a committed scientist, was born in 1930 in Zhejiang Province. After graduating from college, she kept on doing research, with the objective of discoveri
73、ng a new treatment for malaria. After being defeated many times, she finally found artemisinin, which was acknowledged as an effective cure for malaria. For her contributions to the medical world, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2015.答案：Paragraph 1: Tom noticed the flame was reaching up. Frozen w
74、ith fear, he stood rooted to the spot. He comprehended the gravity of the situation and held Janes hand tightly. Both of them were coughing and their eyes were stinging. Time seemed to stand still, though they were probably there for only two or three minutes. Tom begged Jane to run for safety as qu
75、ickly as possible. Jane tried to shield her nose from the choking smoke and shook her head. She kept pounding against the door. Tom burst out crying.Paragraph 2: Luckily, some neighbors passing by stopped and offered help. A sense of strength immediately replaced the mounting fear and anxiety in Jan
76、es mind. She told them Ms. Makcik must be still in the room. They forced the door open with all their might. Sure enough, Makcik was lying in bed, unconscious. She was carried downstairs and then rushed to the hospital, where she finally came to herself. People in the neighborhood felt relieved and Jane and Tom were very happy.
