1、语法初识原句感知自主探究If she had studied harder, she would be a college student now.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.My suggestion is that we (should) go there at once.He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.If only I had remembered to lock the door yesterday.But
2、 for these spelling mistakes, I would have got a full mark in my English examination.(1)句为错综时间条件句，从句说明过去，主句说明现在。(2)句为“It is important/necessary . that .”结构中的主语从句，句为“My suggestion is that .”结构中的表语从句，其从句的谓语动词构成形式为：(should)动词原形。(3)句为as if引导的状语从句，谓语动词用过去完成时表示与过去相反的假设。(4)句中If only (要是，那该多好啊！)引导的感叹句中，是对已经
3、发生事情的虚拟，用过去完成时。(5)句but for引出的为含蓄的条件。语法剖析语法点一虚拟语气的特殊用法1错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn t be in trouble now.如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。(从句过去，主句现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice yesterday.如果我是你，昨天我就会采纳他的意见。(从句现在，主句过去)2含蓄条件句(1)有时假设
4、的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for, without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。Without electricity, the world would be dark.如果没有电，世界将一片黑暗。(2)用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。I ran all the way to the cinema; otherwise I would have missed the beginning of the movie.我一路跑到电影院，不然我会错过了电影的开头。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况”。I wou
5、ld have come sooner but I didn t know that they were waiting for me.我不知道他们一直在等我，要不然我肯定会早点来。即时演练1单句语法填空His ship was delayed because of the heavy fog yesterday; otherwise I would_have_picked (pick) him up on time.If he hadn t locked the door, I would_be (be) at home now.But for the rain, we would_have
6、_finished (finish) the work already.I would_have_gone (go) to my cousin s birthday party last night, but I was not available.语法点二虚拟语气的其他用法1虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法(1)在 “It isimportant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/a pitythat . ”句型中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。It s important that every pupil (should) be able to u
7、nderstand the rules of school.重要的是每个学生都能了解校规。It is a pity that Lucy (should) be so careless.真遗憾露西竟这样粗心。(2)“It is desired (suggested, ordered, requested, proposed, required等)that 从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用“shoulddo”，其中should 可省略。It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。It s requi
8、red that the new car (should) be paid in cash.这辆新车要求用现金支付。2虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词如suggestion, proposal, order, demand, advice, request等后跟表语从句和同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。He gave the advice that we (should) do the work carefully.他建议我们认真做这项工作。My suggestion is that we (should) send a fe
9、w people to help the other groups.我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。3as if/as though从句以及if only后的句子常用虚拟语气as if/as though/if only时间谓语动词的虚拟形式与过去相虚拟had过去分词与现在相虚拟一般过去时(be动词用were)与将来相虚拟would/could/might动词原形He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.他谈起这次事故来好像他看到了一样。(与过去事实相反)If only I had enough money to buy an i
10、Phone X.如果我有足够的钱买一部iPhone X，那该多好。(与现在事实相反)点津如果as if/as though 后的从句有明显的迹象表示可能发生时，不用虚拟语气。It is so cloudy.It looks as if it is going to rain.天很阴，似乎要下雨了。4It s (high/about) time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语动词常用过去时，也可用“should动词原形”，但should一般不省略。It s time I got/should get down to thinking about that essay.我是时候该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
11、即时演练2单句语法填空The order came that the medical supplies (should)_be_sent (send) to the earthquakestricken area soon.The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I knew (know) what s going on in my little boy s head right now.”Jack is a great talker. It s high time that he did/should_do (do) something i
12、nstead of just talking. It is necessary that he (should)_be_sent (send) to Beijing right away.Don t handle the vase as if it were_made (make) of steel.His demand was that we (should)_go (go) to the training center at once.It s time that we had/should_have (have) a meeting to talk about the problem.I
13、t is strange that she (should)_refuse (refuse) to come to the party.链接高考单句语法填空1(2017天津高考)Do you have Betty s phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn t_have_been (be) able to reach her yesterday.解析：句意：“你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？”“有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。”此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个条件状语从句，由“yesterday”可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn t ha
14、ve done。2(2016江苏高考)If it had_not_been (not be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.解析：根据主句的时间状语“now”与从句的时间状语“the other day”可以判断本题考查的是错综时间条件句。从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。3(2015安徽高考) It is lucky we booked a room, or we would_have (have) nowhere to stay now.解析：句意：很幸运，我们订了个房间，否则我们现在就无处安身了
15、。本题考查了虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用，条件句部分在or中体现，相当于If we hadn t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.(主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气)。4(2015重庆高考)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn t_have_written (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.解析：句意：假如没有战时的那些经历，海明威就不会写出著名小说永别了，武器。当句中出现without, but for, othe
16、rwise等词时，句子的谓语动词用过去将来时(表示与现在或将来相反的情况)，或用过去将来完成时(表示与过去相反的情况)，本题很显然是与过去的情况相反，而根据句意可知应用其否定形式，因此本句否定形式应用，“would/could/should/might nothave done”。5(2014浙江高考)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would/could/might_have_come (come) to our help.解析：句意：我们在进行调查
17、研究的几个月期间他们在国外，要不然他们就来帮助我们了。根据句中的谓语动词were abroad可知描述的是过去的事情，对过去的假设主句部分用“would/could/should/might have done”。 针对演练.单句语法填空1If Peter had_taken (take) his father s advice, he would have passed the exam.2If the villagers hadn t built the dams, their village would_have_been_flooded (flood) by the water.3It
18、 looks as if he hadn t_had (not have) a meal for a week.4If only I had_met (meet) the movie star! But I was then in the school doing papers.5Excuse me, visiting hours are over.It s time for you to leave.I m sorry. I didn t know the time or I would_have_left (leave) earlier.6He wished he had_said (sa
19、y) that matter to others.7Lucy looks very upset. I would rather I hadn t_told (not tell) her the bad news.8The manager demanded that the work (should)_be_finished (finish) before Friday.9Miss Yang suggested that Jackson (should)_read (read) more books in his spare time.10But for the storm, we should
20、_have_arrived (arrive) earlier this morning.单句改错1It is essential that he will come to our meeting tomorrow.willshould或去掉will2When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it is broken.第二个iswere3Now, children, it s time that you will be washed and dressed.willshould4If only you have lis
21、tened to my advice.havehad5I would rather you do it yourself instead of asking others for help.dodid.短文改错Yesterday, my roommate, Li Hua, took his lunch from the dormitory, which is forbidden in our school. When the dormitory administrator found Li Hua is having lunch in the dormitory, she asked Li H
22、ua to stop eating, and Li Hua refused. As the result, she threw Li Hua s food to the ground. Li Hua became so angry that he quarreled with him.In my view, Li Hua, whom broke the school rule, was blame. He knew that having meals in the dormitory is not allowing, yet he still did so. Certainly, the quarrel wouldn t have had happened if the administrator had dealt with the matter in a properly way.答案：第一句：fromto第二句：iswas; andbut第三句：第一个thea第四句：himher第五句：whomwho; was后加to第六句：allowingallowed第七句：去掉第一个had; properlyproper
