1、Section Grammar 复习动词ing形式语法图解探究发现Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.Having finished the work, he went out to meet his friends.Being ill, he was sent to hospital.My granny sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper.Going there by plane, youll arrive tomorrow morning.Having been told many time
2、s, he still made the same mistake.Though he had been told many times, he still made the same mistake.The train was caught in a heavy snow, thus causing the delay.我的发现(1)、句中的现在分词短语在句中作时间状语。(2)句和句中的现在分词短语使用完成时，原因是分词短语所表示的动作先于句子的谓语动作发生。(3)、句中的现在分词短语分别在句中作原因状语；伴随情况或方式状语；条件状语；让步状语；结果状语。(4)比较、句，分词短语与状语从句的
3、最大区别是句中是否有连词。一、动词ing形式的时态、语态及意义动词形式意义以do为例一般式主动式doing与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生doing被动式being done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生完成式主动式having done与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生having done被动式having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. (2015北京
4、高考单选)公园里到处都是人，他们在阳光下玩得很愉快。Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015天津高考单选)工作了两天，史蒂夫如期完成了报告。Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldnt get there on time.她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。即时演练1用所给词的适当形式填空 (2016全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots, usi
5、ng (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.(2015全国卷满分作文)In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， aiming (aim) to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. (2014安徽高考满分作文)Having realized (realize) that your time is limited, youll have to study for your go
6、als without anger or hesitation.Having been told (tell) the answer several times, he still couldnt answer the question.二、动词ing 形式作状语动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1时间状语 动词的ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while, after引出。Hearing the result(When I heard the result), I cou
7、ldnt help jumping.听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。Having made full preparations( After we have made full preparations), we are ready for the examination.做了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。2原因状语 可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。Being so excited( As he was so excited), he couldnt go to sleep that night.由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着。Having lived in th
8、e city many years( Since I had lived in the city many years), I knew it well. 因为在这个城市住了多年，所以我对它很了解。3条件状语可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。Working hard at your lessons( If you work hard at your lessons), you will succeed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。Not making good use of the time( If you dont make good use of the time), y
9、oull regret.如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。4方式或伴随状语不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。The girls came into the classroom, singing and dancing( and they sang and danced)女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time( and stared at the sky for a long time)他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。5结果状语表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时
10、也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated (which allows more patients to be treated)(2017天津高考单选)这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。6让步状语 可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。Knowing all this( Although they knew all this), they made me pay for
11、the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。Having made up my mind( Though I had made up my mind), I still wanted to play. 尽管我已下定决心，我仍然想玩。即时演练2句型转换(每空一词)When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.Because I dont know his address, I cant send this
12、 book to him.Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him.If you use your head, youll have a good idea./Use your head and youll have a good idea.Using your head, youll have a good idea.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks and added that he had enjoyed his stay her
13、e.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.A number of new machines were installed in the factory, which resulted in an increase in production.A number of new machines were installed in the factory, resulting in an increase in producti
14、on.Although I admit what she said, I still think she hasnt tried her best.Admitting what she said, I still think she hasnt tried her best. 三、动词ing形式作状语的注意事项1逻辑主语动词ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。Being ill, he didnt attend the wedding.因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill 是逻辑上的主谓关系He was ill.)2独立结构有时现在分
15、词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，构成形式是“名词/代词v.ing”。She being ill, her mother had to look after her at home.她生病了，母亲不得不在家照顾她。The meeting being over, we went to play football.会议一结束，我们就去踢足球了。3独立成分作状语有些动词ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：generally speaking一般说来st
16、rictly speaking 严格说来judging from/by 根据来判断considering ./taking . into consideration 考虑到supposing 假设；如果providing 如果assuming 假使Generally speaking, as a foreign language Chinese is more difficult to learn than English.一般地说，作为一门外语，汉语要比英语难学。4连词现在分词由when/while/after/before/once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语
17、从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词现在分词”的结构形式。Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.Though they lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university.尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。即时演练3(1)用所给词的适当形式填空My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining (expl
18、ain) why she didnt want the children to play together.Judging (judge) from what he said, he wasnt satisfied with my work.Once losing (lose) this chance, you cant easily find it.(2)句型转换(每空一词)If it is sunny, well go for a picnic tomorrow.It being sunny, well go for a picnic tomorrow.After she had fini
19、shed her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.Because they had been warned by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes.Having been warned by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes.When autumn comes, swallows go to the south
20、.Autumn coming, swallows go to the south.用所给词的适当形式填空1(2016北京高考改编)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street, turning (turn) the old town into a dreamland.2Having missed (miss) the bus, we had to walk home.3Watching (watch) the play, she couldnt keep back her tears.4Not knowing (not know) how to do i
21、t, he turned to the engineer for help.5It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining (ruin) our holiday.6You can complete the work ahead of time if taking (take) my advice.7Having collected (collect) all the necessary material, she began to write her report.8Having been appointed (appoint) as c
22、hairman, Tony held a family gettogether to celebrate it.9He turned off the light, seeing (see) nothing.10The volcano erupted, resulting (result) in the death of many creatures.句型转换(每空一词)1When you are crossing the road, please be careful.When crossing the road, please be careful.2Because I dont know
23、his telephone number, I cant ring him up.Not knowing his telephone number, I cant ring him up.3Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.4Work diligently, and youll certainly succeed.Working diligently, youll certainly succeed.5Because it h
24、adnt been repaired for a long time, the machine gave out a strange noise.Not having been repaired for a long time, the machine gave out a strange noise.补全句子1. On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner, providing us students a platform to practice our oral English.另一方面，我将帮着建立英语角，提供给我们学
25、生一个练习英语口语的平台。2Seeing a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back.看到一辆车朝她驶来，我伸出手把她拉了回来。3Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to think about what to do to help.我对此感到很遗憾，开始想着做些什么来帮助(他们)。4Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.因
26、长时间被忽视，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。5Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。6More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。7One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。8It being Sunday, I didnt need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 am.因为是周日，我不必早起，所以一直睡到早上九点。
