1、模块素养培优(五)Module 5【基础全面练】.单句语法填空1.The computer industry _(expand)greatly over the last decade.2.This _(conclude)comes from one of two major studies that point to aglobal crash in bird numbers.3.I wanted to know how the students reacted _my words and your _(react).4._ water is often used to make tea.B
2、ut as a child,you should drink more_water instead of tea.(boil)5.They were _(astonish)to find the building still in its original condition.has expandedconclusiontoreactionBoilingboiled astonished.选词填空keep.down,become interested in,be proud of,be supposed to,in the area of1.Madame Curie had a great c
3、ontribution _physics.2.My baby is sleeping,and I really wish she could _her voice _.3.Jack _his high score in the examination.4.When did you first _insects?5.At present he _be in town.in the area ofkeepdownwas proud ofbecome interested inis supposed to.完成句子1._on such a small bed.他睡在这么小的床上是不可能的。2._.L
4、ets stand in a line.公共汽车来了。我们排队吧。3.Put all the bills _and then _.把所有的账单整理好,然后把花费加起来。It is impossible for him to sleepHere comes the busin orderadd up the costs4.Only one-third of the work _till now.到现在这项工作只完成了三分之一。5._today;I get so fed up with your laziness.今天轮到你洗碗了;我受够了你的懒惰。has been finishedIts you
5、r turn to wash dishes.阅读理解(2021无锡高一检测)How does an ecosystem work?What makes the populations of different speciesthe way they are?Why are there so many flies and so few wolves?To find an answer,scientists have built mathematical models of food webs,noting who eats whom andhow much each one eats.With
6、such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.Most food webs,for instance,consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator(掠食动物)always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物),the two species are strongly linked;when a predator lives on variou
7、s species,they are weakly linked.Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.If a predator can eat several species,it can survive the extinction(灭绝)of one of them.And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when
8、 a prey species becomes rare,the switch allows the original prey to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable,wheresmall changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire
9、ecosystems.In the 1960s,scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had asurprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species-includingspecies they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by toppredators to
10、 be true.In the ocean,we fished for top predators such as cod on anindustrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves.Theseactions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.Ideally,the system would
11、 tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.Prevention is key,scientists say,because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点),it is remarkably difficult for them to return.【文章大意】本文主
12、要讲述了科学家们已经建立了一个基于食物网的数学模型预警系统,该系统揭示食物链中的生态平衡和破坏的原理和提醒人们应该保护生态系统。1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of foodwebs?A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
13、D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段With such models,scientists havefound out some key principles operating in food webs.可知,通过这些模型,科学家们发现了一些在食物网中起作用的关键原理。由此可见,科学家借助于食物网的数学模型发现了控制生态系统食物网的规则。2.A strong link is found between two species when a predator _.A.h
14、as a wide food choiceB.can easily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段If a predator can eat.prey torecover.可知如果一个捕食者可以吃几个物种,它就可以在其中一个物种灭绝后幸存下来。如果一个捕食者可以转移到另一个物种,当一个捕食物种变得稀少时,更容易找到这个物种,那么这个转换就允许原来的捕食者恢复。由此可见,当食肉动物粘在一个捕食物种上时,发现两个物种之间有一个很强的联系。
15、3.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other speci
16、es will experience unexpected changes.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句可知数学模型还表明,食物网可能是不稳定的,顶部食肉动物的微小变化可能导致整个生态系统的巨大影响。由此可见,如果食物网中顶级食肉动物的数量大幅度下降,其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。4.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic developme
17、nt threatens animal habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知无计划的人类活动证明了顶级掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正确的。在海洋中,我们在工业规模上捕捞顶级掠食者,如鳕鱼,而在陆地上,我们杀死大型掠食者,如狼。这些行动大大影响了生态平衡。由此可见,不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。.语法填空(2021大连高一检测)A kind of insec
18、t gets its name for the body shape,which resembles a long stick.Such an amazing 1._(appear)helps it successfully hide from predators(捕食者)in the branches of trees.These creatures 2._(call)stick insects.Oftencalled walking sticks,they live on every continent except Antarctica.They can besmaller than a
19、n inch or longer than 3._18-inch ruler.There are some other ways stick insects use to defend 4._(they).Some can hit attackers with their spiny legs.Others spray something in no time 5._ burns an attackers eyes.And some just taste bad.The Peruvian stick insect is one of them.This stick insect is 6._(
20、easy)to see because it has red,yellow,and black markings than others.These bright colors are a warning to predators,who know it discharges something with an unpleasant smell when 7._(attack).Stick insects are mostly nocturnal,which means they are active at night,when they spend their time eating lea
21、ves.Darkness makes it harder for most predators 8._(discover)them.However,darkness doesnt protect stick insects 9._ one super set of insect hunters,insect-eating bats.These bats use echolocation(回声定位)to find yummy bug dinners.And stick insects are 10._(absolute)on the menu as something these bats wa
22、nt to eat!【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,文章介绍了竹节虫的有关情况,包括生活习性、自我保护以及天敌等。1.【解析】appearance。考查名词。句意:这样一个惊人的外观帮助它成功躲避开树枝上的捕食者。such a/an+adj.+n.意为“如此”,故此处应用“appear”的名词形式“appearance”。故填appearance。2.【解析】are called。考查时态和语态。句意:这些生物被称为竹节虫。主语These creatures与call之间存在动宾关系,生物被称为竹节虫,是被动关系,根据上一句的helps可知时态为一般现在时,主语为第三人称复数,谓语用are+过去分
23、词。故填are called。3.【解析】an。考查冠词。句意:它们可以小于1英寸,也可以长于18英寸的尺子。这里是泛指,且eighteen为元音音素开头,用不定冠词an,故填an。4.【解析】themselves。考查反身代词。句意:竹节虫还有其他一些保护自己的方法。空格为defend的宾语,主语是第三人称复数,保护它们自己,故用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。5.【解析】that。考查定语从句关系词。句意:还有一些竹节虫会立即喷洒一些东西,灼伤攻击者的眼睛。先行词为something,在从句中作主语,用that引导,故填that。6.【解析】easier。考查形容词
24、的比较级。句意:这种竹节虫相对于其他的种类更容易看见,因为它有红色、黄色和黑色的斑纹。这是一个比较句型,than前面要用形容词/副词的比较级,故此处应为easy的比较级easier(更容易)。故填easier。7.【解析】attacked。考查语态。句意:这些鲜艳的颜色是对捕食者的警告,因为捕食者知道它在受到攻击时,会释放出一种难闻的气味。当它们被攻击的时候释放气体,“被攻击”用被动语态。这是when sb./sth.be done的省略形式,主句与从句的主语一致,可以省略为when done(当被的时候)。故填attacked。8.【解析】to discover。考查非谓语动词。句意:黑暗使
25、得大多数捕食者很难发现它们。discover(发现),动词不定式结构“to+动词原形”作真正宾语,it为形式宾语,故填to discover。9.【解析】from/against。考查固定搭配。句意:然而,黑暗并不能保护竹节虫不受一种超级捕食昆虫蝙蝠的伤害。protect sb.from/against(保护某人免受),此处为保护竹节虫免受蝙蝠的伤害。故填from或者against。10.【解析】absolutely。考查副词。句意:竹节虫绝对是这些蝙蝠想吃的东西!空格处为副词作状语,修饰be动词,故此空应填“absolute”的副词形式。故填absolutely。.微写作 根据下面的提示,写
26、一篇80词左右的短文,介绍有关“不打破鸡蛋除去蛋壳”的实验报告。实验目的:不打破鸡蛋除去蛋壳。实验仪器和材料:一个玻璃杯、一个小煮锅(saucepan)、水、一个鸡蛋、约250毫升醋(vinegar)。实验步骤:1.先把鸡蛋放在煮锅中煮15分钟左右;2.把鸡蛋放在玻璃杯中;3.往玻璃杯中倒醋,醋要漫过鸡蛋;4.把鸡蛋泡在醋中24小时。实验结果:24小时后蛋壳完全消失。实验结论:醋中的酸性物质(acid)与蛋壳中的碳酸钙(CaCO3)反应生成二氧化碳(CO2),蛋壳消失。核心要点提示:The aim of this experiment is to remove.You need the fol
27、lowing substances.boil the egg for about.place the egg in.The conclusion is that._【参考范文】The aim of this experiment is to remove the shell from an egg withoutbreaking it.You need the following substances:a glass,a small saucepan,water,an egg and about 250ml vinegar.First,boil the egg for about fiftee
28、n minutes in the saucepan.Next,placethe egg in the glass and cover it with vinegar.After that,leave the egg in thevinegar for 24 hours.The conclusion is that 24 hours later,the shell disappears completely.Theshell is mostly made of CaCO3 and the vinegar includes acid.The egg shelldissolves because C
29、aCO3 reacts with acid to form CO2.阅读理解 Six years ago at the age of 35,I suddenly decided I wanted to learn the cello(大提琴).Straight away I rented an instrument and appeared before Wendell Margrave,professor of musical instruction.“You can be as good as you want to be,”Margrave said rather mysteriousl
30、y.On apiece of paper he drew the notes E and F.He showed me where to put my fingers onthe neck of the cello and how to draw the bow.Then he entered my name in hisbook:10 am,Tuesday.Tuesday followed Tuesday,and soon it was spring.Thus began my voyage out of ignorance and into the dream.E-F,E-F,we pla
31、yed together-and moved on to G.It was a happy time.I was again becoming something new,and no longer trapped as the same person.Surely the most terrible recognition of middle life is that we are past changing.We do what we can already do.The cello was something I couldnt do.Yet each Tuesday this beca
32、me less and less true.Riding home on the bus one snowy night and learning the score of Mozarts C-Major Quintet,I felt the page burst into music in my hands.I could by then more or less read a score,and was humming(哼唱)the cello line,when suddenly all five parts came together harmonically in my head.T
33、he fellow sitting opposite stared.I met his glance with tears,actually hearing the music in my head for the first time.Could he hear it too,perhaps?No,he got off at the next stop.As the years slipped by,my daughter grew up,playing the piano well.My goal was that she and I would one day perform toget
34、her.I also wanted to perform in public with and for my peers,and to be secretly envied.I continued to play,to perform,but it is not the same.Before,when I heard a cello,it was all beauty and light.Now,as the TV camera gets close to Rostropovichs face,I recognize that his smile shows his incredible d
35、etermination.Even for him,the cello is a difficult instrument that doesnt respect his ambitions.I picked up my cello and practiced.As good as I wanted to be,I am as good as Im going to get.It is good enough.【文章大意】本文讲的是六年前,作者35岁的时候突然决定要学习大提琴,她就这样开始了学习旅程,从无知到进入梦想,随着岁月的流逝,作者的女儿长大了,钢琴弹得很好。作者的目标是有一天和女儿一起
36、表演。1.From the first two paragraphs,we can learn that _.A.the author already knew some cello basicsB.the author went to a cello lesson every TuesdayC.the author bought a cello after she decided to learn itD.Wendell Margrave was a famous but mysterious professor【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then he entered my n
37、ame in hisbook:10 am,Tuesday.Tuesday followed Tuesday,and soon it was spring.”可知,作者每个星期二去上大提琴课。2.The author writes that“It was a happy time.”in Paragraph 3 mainly because_.A.she felt very bored with her new lifeB.it was beautiful to be able to hear the music in her mindC.Professor Margrave made lear
38、ning the cello very easy for herD.she enjoyed the feeling of growth and got closer to her dream【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“Riding home on the bus one snowy night andlearning the score of Mozarts C-Major Quintet,I felt the page burst into music inmy hands.”可知,作者学习大提琴已经有很大的进步,离她的梦想越来越近。3.From the last paragraph,i
39、t can be inferred that the author _.A.put on shows with her daughterB.was determined to catch up with RostropovichC.is happy to have kept up her personal developmentD.was confident that her peers would envy her for her cello playing ability【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据“My goal was that she and I would one dayperf
40、orm together.I also wanted to perform in public with and for my peers,and tobe secretly envied.”可知,看到自己在大提琴上的进步,作者是很快乐的。4.The purpose of the article is mainly to _.A.show her deep gratitude to her cello tutorB.advise readers on how to improve their cello skillsC.describe her incredible efforts to overcome difficultiesD.encourage readers that its never too late to pursue their dreams【解析】选D。写作意图题。本文主要讲的是作者35岁的时候突然决定要学习大提琴,就这样开始了她的学习旅程,从无知到进入梦想,随着岁月的流逝,她的目标是有一天和女儿一起表演。由此可知追求梦想从来都不迟。
