1、第2讲虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用1.if虚拟条件句从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语should/would/could/might动词原形If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你，我就抓住这次出国的机会。与过去事实相反的假设If主语had过去分词主语should/would/ could/mighthave过去分词If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.如果你听了我的
2、建议，你就不会在考试中失败了。与将来事实相反的假设1.If主语动词的过去式2.If主语were to动词原形3.If主语should动词原形主语should/would/ could/might动词原形If he should not come tomorrow，we would put off the meeting till next Monday.如果明天他不来，我们就把会议推迟到下周一。2.错综时间条件句当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称作“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。If you had studied hard befo
3、re，you would be a college student now.如果你以前用功学习了的话，你现在就是一名大学生了。 3.含蓄条件句用介词(短语)代替条件状语从句，常用的介词(短语)有without，but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。Without your help，we could not have succeeded.没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得成功。But for electricity，there would be no modern industry.要是没有电，就没有现代工业。He felt very tired yesterday，
4、or he would have attended the party.他昨天太累了，否则他会参加派对的。 4.“要不是因为”的句型(1)If it were not for.，I would/could/should/might do.要不是因为，我现在就(对现在的虚拟)。(2)If it had not been for.，I would/could/should/might have done.要不是因为，我当时就(对过去的虚拟)。If it were not for free tickets，I would not go to the cinema so frequently.要不是因
5、为免费的电影票，我不会那么频繁地去看电影。If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid，the consequences might have been much serious.如果当时在对我急救的过程中没有你的及时帮助，后果也许是非常严重的。5.if省略句(1)当if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有had，should，were时，可将if省略，而将had，should，were置于句首，采用倒装结构。If you had left home earlier，you would have caugh
6、t the bus.Had you left home earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果你早点从家中出门，你就能赶上汽车了。(2)若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用谓语动词的省略形式。Were it not for the expenses，I would go abroad now.要不是考虑到花销，我现在可能都出国了。 (不能说Werent it for the expenses，I would go abroad now.)二、虚拟语气在从句中的应用1.demand，suggest，order，insist等表命令、建议、要求后
7、的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”；wish后的宾语从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和“could/would动词原形”表示与现在、过去和将来的情况相反。We suggested that Tom have a rest.我们建议汤姆去休息一下。I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他没讲过那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow.我希望明天下雨。2.在It is necessary/important/strange that.；It is sug
8、gested/demanded/ordered/requested that.等从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很重要。Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out.人们建议执行这个计划。3.在idea，advice，order，demand，request，suggestion，desire等表命令、建议、要求的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，其谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。My
9、demand is that she (should) come to see me once a week.我要求她一周来看我一次。All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory (should) be closed down.我们都支持关闭这家化工厂的建议。4.在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反时，用过去式；与过去事实相反时用过去完成式(had done)。She looks after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顾这男孩就像对自己的儿子一样。She talke
10、d about the film as if she had really seen it.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。5.Its (high/about) time that主语过去式/should do.意为“到了某人做的时候了”。should不能省略。It is high time that we went/should go to bed.到了我们该睡觉的时候了。6.would rather.过去式(与现在或将来相反)/过去完成式(与过去相反)Id rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。高考题组1.What a pity！You missed th
11、e sightseeing，or we _ a good time together.(2019江苏，31)A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.had had答案C解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：真遗憾！你错过了观光。否则我们在一起会玩得很开心。根据关键词or可知，这里应用虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用“would/could/should/mighthave done”。2.The workers were not better organized，otherwise they _ the task in half the time.(201
12、9天津，14)A.accomplished B.had accomplishedC.would accomplish D.would have accomplished答案D解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟；otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实，相当于if引导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”，因此后半部分应用“主语would have done sth. ”结构。故选D。3.Its strange that he _ have tak
13、en the books without the owners permission.(2018江苏，24)A.would B.shouldC.could D.might答案B解析句意为：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人同意就拿走了那些书。此处should作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合句意，故选B。4.There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.(2018江苏，27)A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.have had
14、答案A解析句意为：在这个村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有机会更多地参与其中。I wish后接从句，从句要用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用did(be动词用were)；叙述与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用had done；叙述与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用would/could do。由语境可知，此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设，故选A。5.I cant find my purse.I _ it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018天津，10)A.should leave B.must have leftC.migh
15、t leave D.could have left答案D解析句意为：我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知空格处是对过去发生事情的推测，需用“情态动词have done”，B、D两项符合；再根据句中的but Im not sure排除B项“一定落在”，故选D项。若C项改为might have left，也是正确的。6.If we _ the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(2018天津，15)A.had caught B.caug
16、htC.have caught D.would catch答案A解析句意为：如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话，我们现在就在海滩上享受假期了。根据前半句中的时间状语yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及时间状语now可知，这是一个错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去的事实相反的假设，故用“had动词的过去分词”。7.In todays information age，the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.(2018北京，12)A.need B.shouldC.can D.must答案C解析句意为：在如今
17、这个信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给一个公司带来严重的问题。根据句意可知应该选C项。can在此表示可能性，意为“可能，会”，符合句意。need需要；should应该；must必须。8.They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.(2018北京，13)A.drove B.would driveC.were to drive D.had driven答案D解析根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结构：主句谓语用“should/wo
18、uld/could/mighthave done”，从句谓语用“had过去分词”。9._ not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017江苏，22)A.It were B.Were itC.It was D.Was it答案B解析句意为：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，如果有should，had或were时，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故选B
19、项。10.Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，_ easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017北京，21)A.must B.shouldC.can D.need答案C解析句意为：我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能轻松地够到顶层架子上的书。此处表示能力，要用can。must必须；should应当，应该；need需要。11.If the new safety system _ to use，the accident would never have happened.(2017北京，34)A.had been put B.we
20、re putC.should be put D.would be put答案A解析句意为：要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话，这起事故就不会发生了。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，选A项。12.My room is a mess，but I _ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017天津，2)A.darent B.shouldntC.neednt D.mustnt答案C解析句意为：我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要(neednt)打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。dare
21、nt不敢；shouldnt不应该；mustnt不准。13.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise，I _ able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津，15)A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have beenC.werent D.wouldnt be答案B解析句意为：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故选B。14.If it _ for his invitation
22、 the other day，I should not be here now.(2016江苏，27)A.had not been B.should not beC.were not to be D.should not have been答案A解析句意为：如果不是他前几天邀请我，我现在就不会在这里了。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，再结合时间状语the other day可知，这是对过去行为的虚拟，故if从句要用过去完成时。15.I love the weekend，because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.(2016北京，3
23、1)A.neednt B.mustntC.wouldnt D.shouldnt答案A解析句意为：我喜欢周末，因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。neednt不需要；mustnt禁止；wouldnt不会；shouldnt不应该。根据句意可知选A项。16.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me，I could have helped.(2016北京，34)A.told B.had toldC.were to tell D.would tell答案B解析句意为：你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我，我就能够帮
24、助你。根据last week可知，事情发生在过去；根据主句谓语动词could have done可知，是对过去情况的虚拟，因此从句应用过去完成时had done。故选B项。17.It was really annoying；I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016天津，5)A.wouldnt B.couldntC.shouldnt D.neednt答案B解析句意为：真烦人，我无权使用你推荐的资料库。couldnt意为“不能”，符合语境。wouldnt不愿意；shouldnt不应该；neednt没必要。18.I was w
25、earing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one，I _.(2016天津，15)A.were injured B.would be injuredC.had been injured D.would have been injured答案D解析句意为：我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话，我会受伤的。根据题干中的“If I hadnt been wearing one”可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语用would have been injured。19.Had the governments and scientists not wo
26、rked together，AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.(2016浙江，15)A.had not fallen B.would not fallC.did not fall D.would not have fallen答案D解析句意为：如果各国政府和科学家们不一起合作的话，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会自2005年的最高值降下来。根据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟，主句用would have done形式
27、。故选D项。20.George _ too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016浙江，17)A.must have gone B.might have goneC.cant have gone D.neednt have gone答案C解析句意为：乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是温的。cant have done表示对过去情况的否定推测，意为“不可能做了”。模拟题组1.Its really great to have a computer to store my photos.Dont count on it too much.It _ break down and
28、 youd better make a copy of them.A.must B.canC.should D.will答案B解析考查情态动词。句意为：有一台计算机来储存照片真是太棒了。不要过度依赖它。它有时候也会出故障，你最好做一个备份。计算机出故障这是可能的事情，表示客观可能性用can。must肯定，必须；should应该；will表意愿。故B选项正确。2.Frankly speaking，I am not sure whether I _ this in the old days with that kind of equipment，which looks quite odd and
29、ridiculous.A.should have done B.need have doneC.would have done D.must have done答案C解析考查“情态动词have done”。句意为：坦率地说，我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备做这件事，这看起来很奇怪和可笑。should have done表示“本应该做某事，而实际上没有做某事”；need have done表示“本来需要做某事而没有做”；would have done虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”；must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，故选C。3.This
30、 car is important to our family._ it break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.A.Could B.WouldC.Might D.Should答案D解析考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意为：这辆车对我们家很重要。如果在第一年内发生故障，我们将自费修理。分析句子可知，本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句为：sb. should do sth. ，主句为：sb. would/could/might/should do。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，
31、were，should等时，如将if省略，则要将had，were，should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。故D选项正确。4.The law is equally applied to everyone.No one _ be above it.A.shall B.mustC.may D.need答案A解析考查情态动词。句意为：法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。shall用于第二、第三人称，则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气；must必须，一定，用于肯定句；may可以，能够，表“允许”时一般不与第三人称连用；need表示没有必要或询问是否有必要，需要。故选A。5.Excuse me，do
32、 you mind if I open the window?Well，if you _.I can put on more clothes.A.can B.mayC.must D.shall答案C解析考查情态动词。句意为：不好意思，我把窗户打开你介意吗？好吧，如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。can能够；may可能；must一定，必须；shall会，将。must表示偏要，必须要做，故选C。6._ the woman with the baby come over? We have a seat here.Thank you，sir.Actually I do have my seat
33、here.But my baby likes to look out of the window.A.Would B.ShallC.Must D.May答案A解析考查情态动词。句意为：那位抱小孩的女士，要不来这边吧？这儿有个座位。谢谢，实际上我有座位的，只是我的孩子喜欢看窗外。would表示婉转的请求，征求对方的意见；shall提问一般只用于第一人称，我们常说Shall I.？或者Shall we.？；may表示请求对方允许。故选A。7.Lack of sleep _ lead to weakened immunity and memory，and also slow physical gro
34、wth.A.shall B.mustC.should D.can答案D解析考查情态动词。句意为：睡眠不足会导致免疫力和记忆力下降，还会减缓身体发育。shall将；must必须；should应该；can会，表示理论上或是逻辑判断上，用can，故选D。8.Difficulties always go with me!Cheer up! If God closes the door in front of you，there _ be a window opened for you.A.must B.wouldC.could D.can答案A解析考查情态动词。句意为：困难总是伴随着我！振作起来！ 如
35、果上帝在你面前关上了门，一定有一扇窗户为你打开。must必须，一定；would将要；could可能；can能。must表示对现在的状态推测时，意为“一定”，表示可能性很大的推测，符合句意。故A选项正确。9.Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?No，it _ take you long.Its not the rush hour now.A.shouldnt B.shantC.mustnt D.neednt答案A解析考查情态动词的用法。去阳光酒店要花很长时间吗？不，不会花很久。现在不是高峰期。shouldnt不应该，不会；shant
36、多用于法律、规定；mustnt不许，禁止；neednt不必。故选A。10.Hang a wet towel in your hotel roombecause of climate-controlled rooms and windows that dont open，the air _ be very dry.A.must B.canC.shall D.need答案B解析考查情态动词。must必须，一定；can可能，能够，有时可能，有时会；shall将要；need需要。本句表示要在宾馆房间里挂一块湿毛巾，室内的空气有时可能会很干燥。根据句意可知B项正确。11.“The young man _
37、，but he chose to stay and help me，” Prather told CBS News.“I say thank you to him every day.”A.could have left B.must have leftC.could leave D.must leave答案A解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：这个年轻人本可以离开的，但他却选择了留下来帮助我。根据but句中的chose可知，本句是对过去情况的虚拟，应该使用“情态动词have done”，排除C、D两项；B项“must have done”意为“一定做了某事”，表示对过去情况的推测，并不表示虚拟。“co
38、uld have done”意为“本可以做某事，实际上却未做”，是对过去情况的虚拟，故A项正确。12.The society can remain good as long as we are willing to fight for itand to fight against whatever imperfections _ exist.A.shall B.may C.should D.would答案B解析考查情态动词。句意为：只要我们愿意为这个社会努力，我们愿意去和不完美可能会出现的地方作斗争，这个社会可能会保持美好。句中情态动词may意为“可能”，表示推测，语意较弱。故B项正确。13.
39、Has he finished his homework?He _，for he is enjoying his favourite album.A.must have B.can haveC.must D.can答案A解析考查情态动词。句意为：他已经完成作业了吗？他肯定写完了，因为他正在欣赏最喜欢的专辑。根据句意可知，此处是表示对过去的肯定推测，must have done sth. 表示“肯定做了某事”。故选A。14.But for the fact that he _ the truth，he _ for a weeks imprisonment.A.didnt know；would b
40、eB.hadnt known；might have punishedC.didnt know；would have been punishedD.hadnt know；could be punished答案C解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：要不是因为他不知道真相，他会受到一周监禁的惩罚。他不知道真相是过去的事实，应用陈述语气didnt know；that he didnt know the truth为fact的同位语。根据but for.可知，整句是对过去的虚拟，第二空应用“would/could/might/shouldhave done”的形式。根据句意，他就会受到惩罚，应用被动语态，故选C。
41、15.It seems strange that the old man _ have returned to college to finish the degree he left undone four decades ago.A.would B.shouldC.could D.might答案B解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：这位老人竟然回到大学去完成他四十年前没有完成的学位，这似乎很奇怪。在It is strange that.句式中，其中由that引导的主语从句可以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气，其区别是：用虚拟语气(should动词原形)主要强调惊讶之意，其感情色彩比较浓；若不特别强调感情
42、色彩，则用陈述语气，故选B。16.Thank you for your assistance，without _ I might have been in danger.Thats all right，anyone in my place _ the same thing.A.that；will doB.it；wouldC.which；can have doneD.which；would have done答案D解析考查非限制性定语从句和虚拟语气。句意为：谢谢你的帮助，没有你的帮助我可能会有危险。没关系，无论是谁处在我的位置，都会这么做的。without _ I might have been
43、 in danger是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是your assistance，“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which；第二空表示与过去事实相反的假设，应用“should/would/could/mighthave done”，故选D。17.Mr Wills，who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize，looked as if he _ by lightning.A.was just struck B.were just struckC.would just be struck D.had just
44、 been struck答案D解析考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知，as if后面引导的从句是与事实相反的假设，因此需要用虚拟语气。根据 looked 及句意可知是对过去的虚拟，因此要选过去完成时，答案为D。18.Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms，without which our life _ so colorful nowadays.A.wont be B.hadnt beenC.wouldnt be D.cant be答案C解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：近年来，网络用语的出现越来越多，
45、没有它们，我们的生活就不会如此丰富多彩。结合句意可知，此处非限制性定语从句是虚拟语气，与现在的事实相反，故选C。19.Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained _ into account before starting a new project.A.be taken B.should takeC.would be taken D.have to be taken答案A解析句意为：重点放在开始新项目之前要考虑所有要达到的目标的必要性。分析句子结构可知，that引导同位语从句，说明neces
46、sity的内容。necessity必要性，为necessary的名词形式，其后所接名词性从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should动词原形”结构，should可省略；在从句中，主语为all the objectives，to be attained为其后置定语，主语和take之间存在被动关系，应用被动形式(should) be taken。故选A项。20.If he had been working hard，he _ in the office now.However，he didnt.A.would be workingB.were to be workingC.was workingD.should work答案A解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：如果他过去一直努力工作，现在就坐在办公室工作了。然而，他没有。根据“However，he didnt.”可知，此句是混合虚拟语气。If从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。与现在相反的虚拟语气的主句可用“would/could/ might动词原形”。根据语境及时间状语“now”可知，此处是指现在正在工作，因此要用进行时，故选A。
