1、UNIT 4HISTORY AND TRADITIONS单元核心素养 单元话题导读 The Norman ConquestIt was said that King Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king.So William led his army to invade England.In October 1066，during the battle of Hastings，William defeated Harold and killed him.On C
2、hristmas Day，William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.The Norman Conquest and its consequencesThe Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the bestknown event in English history.William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman follow
3、ers.He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government.So the feudal system was completely established in England.Relations with the Continent were opened，and the civilization and commerce were extended.NormanFrench culture，language，manners and architecture were introduced.The Church wa
4、s brought into closer connection with Rome，and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.throne n御座；宝座invade v侵略；侵犯defeat v击败；战胜crown v为加冕confiscate v没收；充公feudal adj.封建(制度)的civilization n文明extend v延长；扩大；扩展architecture n建筑风格Section Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking课前自主预习 .重点单词1
5、philosophy n哲学2individual adj.单独的；个别的 n个人individually adv.分别地； 单独地；个别地3heel n足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟4kingdom n王国；领域5chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n(公司或机构的)首领；酋长chiefly adv.主要地； 首要地6puzzle n谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑puzzled adj.迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的7nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近8belong vi.应在(某处)；适应belongings n财产，所有物；行李9militar
6、y adj.军事的；军用的10defence n防御；保卫defend vt.防护；防卫11legal adj.法律的；合法的legally adv.合法地illegally adv.违法地；非法地illegal adj.非法的12surround vt.围绕；包围surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n环境13evidence n证据；证明evident adj.明显的14achievement n成就；成绩；达到achieve vt.完成；达到15location n地方；地点；位置located adj.位于locate vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居16bat
7、tle n战役；搏斗vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗17port n港口(城市)18fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的fascination vt.使着迷fascinate n魅力.重点短语1join.to.把和连接或联结起来2break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱3belong to属于4as well as同(一样也)；和；还5keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意6leadto导致；造成7be similar to与相似8according to按照；根据所说9ifany如果有的话10add to增加；增添11result
8、 in导致；造成；引起12refer to涉及，谈到，提到，引证；查阅；参考13take over接收；接管14leave behind把丢在后面；留下；忘带15date back to追溯到16be known as作为而出名；被称作.重点句型1So what is the difference between them，if_any？如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？2They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the_way people built houses.他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人
9、们建造房屋的方式。3They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.他们在英国各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。4There_is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.关于英国有趣的历史和文化还有很多需要了解。5If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to_find that you ca
10、n see both its past and its present.如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。.课文预读一、Reading for the main idea1The text mainly tells us C.ABritish EnglishBthe origin of the British nameCBritish history about the United KingdomDthe advantage of studying the history about the United Kingdom2Match the main idea for e
11、ach paragraph.Para.1AExplains the four invasions and their influences.Para.2BStates topic to be examined in the reading.Para.3CStudying the history of the country will make ones visit much more enjoyable.Para.4DExplains what the term “Great Britain” means and how it came about.Para.5EExplains differ
12、ences in the four countries.答案：Paras. 15 BDEAC二、Reading for the details1What is the main idea of the text？AAThe history of the United Kingdom.BThe geography of the United Kingdom.CThe politics of the United Kingdom.DThe climate of the United Kingdom.2What happened in the 19th century？CAThe nearby co
13、untry of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.BThe Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.CThe Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.DThe southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.3Which of the following is the differen
14、t area of the four countries？DAFlag.BCurrency.CMilitary defence.DLegal system.4Who conquered England after the wellknown Battle of Hastings？CAThe Romans.BThe AngloSaxons.CThe Normans.DThe Vikings.5Whats the authors attitude towards studying the history？CANeutral.BIndifferent.CSupportive.DDoubtful.三、
15、Reading for the structure本文主要讲述了英国的发展历史。本文一开始提到人们的困惑：联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英国有什么不同，然后按照时间顺序介绍了英国的发展历史以及其对我们游览的帮助。文章是以“总分总”结构来行文的。明线暗线行文结构第一部分(Para.1)What these 1.different names mean？2.confused总第二部分(Paras.24)How the full name is 3formed？understanding分The four countries work together in some areas.We can see
16、 many 4.evidences left behind.第三部分(Para.5)Visiting 5.attractions.enjoyable总课内要点探究 重 点 单 词1puzzle n谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑典型例句The meaning of the poem has always been a puzzle.那首诗的含义始终是个谜。She is puzzled over his letter of last week.她对他上周的那封信感到迷惑不解。思维拓展(1)a puzzle to sb.对某人来说是一个难题be in a puzzle不知如何是好(2)puz
17、zle over/about sth.苦苦思索puzzle sth. out琢磨出的答案(3)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人或人的表情等)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)be puzzled about.对迷惑不解The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人费解的数学题。即学即练单句语法填空The class were puzzling about/over the last physi
18、cs problem.Im am_puzzled(puzzle) by his failure to reply to my letter.Where the lost boy has gone still remains a puzzle to us.Her puzzled(puzzle) look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.2defence n防御；保卫典型例句Attack is the best form of defence.进攻是最佳的防御。She stepped back appearing sur
19、prised and put up her hands, as if in defence.她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。思维拓展(1)in defence (of)保卫；保护(2)defend vt.保护；保卫defend against抵御defend.from/against.保护免遭defend sb. by.通过为某人辩护defend oneself自卫；为自己辩解Troops have been sent to defend the borders.部队被派去守卫边疆。Their duty is to defend the country against
20、the enemy.他们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人侵犯。巧学妙记de(from，脱离)fend(strike，打；击)使某物不受打击保护；保卫即学即练单句语法填空The soldiers fought bravely in defence of the safety of their country.All our policemen are trained to defend themselves from/against knife attacks.完成句子Is there any man unwilling to fight in_defence_of his country?难道有谁不愿
21、为保卫自己的国家而战吗？3surround vt.围绕；包围典型例句The general sent a large force to surround the airport.将军派遣一支大部队去包围机场。That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.那位老教授非常喜欢年轻人围在他左右。The lake is surrounded by/with trees.湖边树木环绕。思维拓展(1)surround.with.用包围be surrounded with/by.被包围/环绕(2)surrounding adj.
22、周围的，附近的surroundings n环境，周围的事物误区警示surroundings指周围具体的、物质性的环境，而environment指对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活的环境条件。巧学妙记一言助记surroundThe lake is surrounded with trees and so its surrounding area looks beautiful. And Id like to bring up my children in such healthy surroundings.那个湖被树木环绕着，因此它周围的地区看上去很漂亮。我乐意在这样健康的环境中抚养我的孩子们。
23、即学即练单句语法填空What do you think about the surrounding(surround) ecosystem?He became accustomed to the new surroundings(surround)Theyve surrounded the building with the police.完成句子(2019江苏高考)We are_surrounded_by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving，climbing and cycling.我们周围是一个天然的操场，非常适合散步
24、、洞穴探索、攀岩和骑车。(2019江苏高考)Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded_by_his family.史蒂夫来了，坐在第一排，周围都是他的家人。4achievement n成就；成绩；达到典型例句Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.即便是小小的成功也会给人一种成就感。That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.这确实给了我们很大的成就感。思维拓展(1)a sense of achievement成就
25、感(2)achieve vt.完成；达到vi.成功achieve ones success取得成功achieve ones goal达到目标巧学助记联想记忆：a(表示加强)chieve(看作chief主要部分)做好最主要的部分才算成功achievement(名词后缀，表示行为)achievement即学即练单句语法填空It takes hard work to_achieve(achieve) the final success.China sent up two manned spaceships and they were also great scientific achievement
26、s(achieve) in the world.完成句子She hoped to achieve_her_goal to become a singer.她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名歌手。Ive achieved only half of what Id hoped to do, so I can not celebrate the achievements Ive made although everyone said I should feel a_sense_of_achievement.我原本希望做的只做到了一半，因此我不能庆祝自己所取得的成绩，尽管每个人都说我应该有成就感。His_
27、achievement in this field is astonishing.他在这个领域的成就令人震惊。5location n地方；地点；位置典型例句Could you give me your precise location?你能给我你精确的位置吗？The location of the factory is close to the railway.工厂地处铁路沿线。思维拓展locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出的位置be located in/on坐落于；位于即学即练单句语法填空The ancient people built towers in different locati
28、ons(locate) for military defence.China is_located(locate) in the east of Asia with the area of 9,600,000 square kilometres.重 点 短 语1join.to.把和连接或联结起来典型例句The hip bone is joined to the thigh bone.髋骨和股骨相连。The island, joined to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.这个岛由一座大桥与大陆相连，很容易到达。思维拓展join A to/
29、and B把A和B连接起来connect.to/with/and.把与连接起来(具体含义)join in参加；加入join (with) sb. in doing sth.和某人一起做某事即学即练单句语法填空Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet.In the evening there was a barbecue, with the whole village joining(join) in the fun.2break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱典型例句The gir
30、l decided to break away from her family if her parents didnt agree to her marrying the young man.如果父母不同意她和那个男青年的婚姻，这位姑娘就决定离家出走。The boy broke away from his father and ran away.那个男孩挣脱了他父亲，跑掉了。误区警示break away中的away是副词而非介词，如果后接宾语则要再加介词from，构成短语break away from (sb./sth.)。思维拓展break down(机器)出故障，损坏；化学物质分解；垮掉
31、；和谈失败break in闯入，破门而入；打断，插嘴break into破门而入；闯入break off打断，折断break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发break up分解；打碎，解体，分手break through冲破；突破即学即练单句语法填空It is said that several states wanted to break away from the Union.His car broke down on the way to work this morning.The fire broke out during the day and thus no one was
32、injured.Did you know that Kate broke up with her boyfriend?完成句子It was wrong of him to break_away_from all his good friends.他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。The students were encouraged to break_away_from the bad habits.学生们被鼓励改掉坏习惯。The elevators in the building are always breaking_down.这幢楼里的电梯总出故障。Peace talks have br
33、oken_down over the question of reparations.和谈因战后赔款问题而中止。Bacteria break_down the animal waste to form methane.细菌使动物粪便分解成沼气。If Tim carries on working like this, hell break_down sooner or later.如果蒂姆继续这样工作，身体迟早会垮掉。3refer to涉及，谈到，提到，引证；查阅，参考典型例句He never referred to his sisters in his letters.他在信里从未提到过他的姐
34、妹们。If you dont know the spelling of a word, you should refer to a dictionary.如果你不会拼写一个词，你应当查一下词典。思维拓展(1)refer to.as.把称作refer.to.把提交给(2)reference n提及；参考；查阅in/with reference to关于即学即练单句语法填空You should refer this matter to our teacher for a decision.We refer to copper and silver as good conductors.The di
35、ctionaries can be used as reference(refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.Who do you think the teacher is referring to？The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference(
36、refer)4belong to属于典型例句(2019浙江高考)The students feel that they belong to a particular group.学生们觉得他们属于一个特殊的群体。Cultural relics and natural scenery belong to everyone including the generations to come.文化遗产和自然风景属于每一个人，包括我们的后代。The spare time belonging to the children should be returned to them by the teache
37、rs.老师应归还属于孩子们的课余时间。误区警示belong to无被动语态和进行时态，作定语时用belonging to形式。不能说This car is belonging to me.和This car is belonged to me.。思维拓展belong vi.“适合待在某处，放在某处”，没有含被动意味的过去分词用法。belongings n财产，所有物，相关事物即学即练单句语法填空The old house belonging(belong) to my grandfather was still in good condition.I just escaped from the
38、 flood and all my belongings(belong) were swept away.If someone belongs to a particular group, he or she is a member of that group.完成句子I realized that he and I belonged_to_different_worlds.我意识到我和他不是一路人。Pratt has forgotten something belonging_to_his_baby.普拉特忘记带他孩子的东西。5as well as同(一样也)；和；还典型例句They wil
39、l travel by night as well as by day.他们除了白天旅行外，晚上也得赶路。She sings as well as plays the piano.除了弹钢琴外，她还唱歌。思维拓展(1)as well as用作连词，连接两个相当的成分，如名词、形容词、介词、动词等，通常不位于句首。此时 as well as强调的重点在前面，不在后面。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致。和as well as的用法一样，连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致的词或短语还有：with, along with, together with, but, besides,
40、 rather than等。Mr. Brown together with his wife and three children has been in China for three years.布朗先生跟他的妻子和三个孩子已经来中国三年了。not only.but also.可连接各种结构，包括句子，但强调的重点在后面，连接主语时，谓语动词的数与和谓语靠近的主语一致。Not only he but also we are fond of the song.不仅是他，我们也喜欢这首歌。(2)as well as作介词，相当于 besides, in addition to，意为“除之外”，
41、后接名词、代词、动名词。(3)as well as表示比较，意为“和一样好”。(4)as well 相当于too和 also，用于肯定句中，表示“也，又，而且”，用于句尾。(5)may/might as well 表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“我们不妨，我们还是吧”。即学即练单句语法填空Peter as well as his friends likes(like) to listen to classical music.Not only he but also his brothers are_working(work) like mad at the mom
42、ent.He gave me some good tips as well as some warnings.Dr. Smith, as well as his wife and daughters, is(be) going to visit Beijing this summer.完成句子Im going to London and my sisters going as_well.我要去伦敦，我的妹妹也要去。If youre going to the library, I might_as_well go with you; I have to return this book.如果你去
43、图书馆，我不妨和你一起去，我得去还这本书。He was kind as_well_as sensible.他厚道又明白事理。He as_well_as his wife was invited to the party.他和他妻子都被邀请参加那个聚会了。As_well_as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.他除了摔断腿之外，还伤到了胳膊。The daughter cooks as_well_as her mother does.女儿烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。重 点 句 型1So what is the difference between them，if an
44、y?如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？ (1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是what is the difference between them，if any是从句。(2)if any意为“如果有的话”，是if there is any的省略形式，属于if型省略结构。I dont think there will be more than a dozen left, if any.我认为即使还有的话也不会超过十几个。思维拓展常见的if型省略结构：(1)if形容词：if necessary(如果有必要的话)if possible(如果有可能的话)If necessary, Ill g
45、o there by myself.如果有必要的话，我将独自去那儿一趟。I suggest you make a copy of the document, if possible.我建议你把文件复印一份，如果可能的话。(2)ifever：表示“若有过的话”He seldom, if ever, travels abroad.他在国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。(3)if so如果这样的话Is it raining? If so, lets go there tomorrow.在下雨吗？如果下了，我们明天再去那儿吧。(4)ifnot：if not可视为一个否定的条件状语从句的省略Do you
46、have an umbrella? If not, Ill lend you mine.你带伞了吗？如果没有，我把我的借给你。(5)if过去分词：即在if与分词之间省略了主语和be(6)if代词：if anyone，if any，if anything等即学即练句型转换Some of you may have finished Unit One.If you have done so，you can go on to Unit Two.Some of you may have finished Unit One.If_so，you can go on to Unit Two.Wash it i
47、n water and pick out the small particles，if there are any.Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if_any.选词填空(if so/if not/if any/if ever/if possible/if necessary)It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine.If_so， wed better take it to the garage immediately.Do you think you are
48、 good at small talk? If_not， it is never too late to learn.Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes. If_possible， Im going to visit some old peoples homes in the city.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever， reaching 30 in summer.The old store is very
49、popular with customers in this area.I cant agree more. There are few, if_any， complaints about their service.Ill stay up all night, if_necessary， to get it finished.2They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复
50、合句。people built houses是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。(2)way(方式，方法)后定语的常见形式：There are many ways of learning a language.学习语言的方法有很多种。This way to get the task done is not practical.完成该任务的这一方法不实用。The way (which/that) you told me last Sunday worked well.上周日你告诉我的那个方法很管用。The way (that/in which) you treat your children
51、is not wise.你对待孩子的方法不明智。即学即练单句语法填空I watched the way (that/in_which) her arms and legs moved and the funny movements made me laugh my head off.The villagers thought highly of the way (in_which/that) we treated the beggar.The way (that/which) you told me wasnt practical.完成句子The way (that/which)_he_tho
52、ught_of to prevent the air pollution was very good.他提出的防止空气污染的方法非常好。The Smiths are praised for the_way_(that/in_which) they bring up their children.史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩子的方式而受到称赞。3They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.他们在英国各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。句中的had ca
53、stles built.是“have宾语宾补(done)”结构。(2)“have宾语宾补(done)”结构表示“请/让别人做某事”。Ill have my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。表示“经历或遭遇(一些不好的事)”。She had her computer stolen the other day.前几天她的电脑被偷了。表示“完成/解决某事”，此时主语也可能是过去分词所表示的动作的执行者。When will you have your homework handed in?你什么时候交家庭作业？思维拓展让某人做have sb./sth.d
54、oing让某人/某物一直做have sth. to do有某事要做The boss had me set down what people present at the meeting said.The boss got me to set down what people present at the meeting said.老板让我记录下出席会议的人员所说的话。He was very funny and had us laughing all the way.他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。易混辨析have sth. done, have sb. do, have sb. doing
55、have sth. done让/叫/使/请别人做某事。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系have sb. do让某人做某事。do与sb.是主动关系have sb./sth. doing让/叫/使某人/某物一直做某事。doing与sb./sth.是主动关系即学即练单句语法填空He will have the computer repaired(repair) tomorrow.Unfortunately, he had his right leg injured(injure) during the training.She might just
56、have her hair waved(wave)She had never had anybody speak(speak) to her that way before.In order to finish the task in time, the two men had their lights burning(burn) all night long.I have an important meeting to_attend(attend) this afternoon.随堂达标验收 .单句语法填空1We are chiefly(chief) concerned about impr
57、oving educational standards.2The patients illness puzzled(puzzle) the doctor; and he couldnt find the cause.3Mr. Green stood up in defence(defend) of the 16yearold boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.4As a famous pop star, he loves being_surrounded(surround) by so many fans coming to visit
58、him from the nearby cities.5There is plenty of evidence(evident) that drinking is closely connected with violence.6Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.7Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.8The house had belonged to her family for three or fo
59、ur generations.9Email, as well as telephones, is(be) playing an important part in daily communication.10You should come on time.If not，please let me know.选词填空1Keep_your_eyes_open for opportunities.2Having nothing to add_to the list, he gave it back to his assistant.3In the 16th century, the Wales wa
60、s_joined_to the UK.4Part of East Africa will break_away_from the rest of Africa.5Many foreigners are fond of the local snacks dating_back_to Qing Dynasty.6Children should be educated not to touch anything belonging_to others without permission.7Many graduates as_well_as their beloved professor have
61、attended the graduation ceremony.完成句子1The_achievements the Chinese have made in space are surprising and pleasing.中国人在太空所取得的成就令人惊喜。2Treat others in the_way you want to be treated.以你想要被对待的方式对待别人。3They have already had_some_everyday_words_added to the new edition of dictionary.他们已经在新版本的词典中增加了一些日常用语。4F
62、inally, he had to admit having cheated in the exam and that_was_why he wasnt admitted to universities.最后，他不得不承认考试作弊，这就是为什么他没有被大学录取。5The local Tibetans laughed at the strange bottles containing what they referred_to as “English air”当地藏族人民嘲笑那些含有他们称之为“英国空气”的奇怪的瓶子。6The government has taken some measures
63、 to solve_the_shortage_of_electricity.政府已经采取一些措施来解决电力短缺的问题。7Its evident that the_evidence can prove his innocence.很明显，证据可以证明他是清白的。.课文与语法填空根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many people are confused about the 1.meaning(mean) of the names：the United Kingdom，Great Britain, Britain and England. 2.To_solve(
64、solve) this puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will help.In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3.was_joined(join) to the Kingdom of England，followed by the country Scotland in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United King
65、dom of Great Britain and Ireland. 4.Finally(final), in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away 5.from the UK, resulting in the full name we have today: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British” 6.which means the UK is also often referred to as Britai
66、n or Great Britain.Even though the four countries 7.belonging(belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8.defence(defend), they also have some differences. Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9.a long and interesting history to explore which can help to understand much more about the country and 10.its(it) traditions.
