1、必修4 Unit 4 高考试卷分块专练.阅读理解A(2018长沙一模)In between running one of the worlds largest charitable agencies and acting as Microsofts technology advisor, Bill Gates manages to find time to read books, both long and short. Now Gates who has been labeled a “greedy” reader has released a list of his favorite bo
2、oks. All of the books are standout reads, according to the billionaire, most of which are focused on business and economy.Here are Bills top four picks (with parts of his full review of each book)Business Adventures, by John BrooksBrooks collection was published in 1969 and remains one of Gates favo
3、rites. He reread it again this year, labeling it the best business book he has ever read.“Shortly after we met, Warren Buffett lent me this collection of business articles from The New Yorker from the 1950s and 1960s. I loved them as much as he did. Brooks insights (洞察力) into business have aged beau
4、tifully, and they are as true today as ever.”Capital in the TwentyFirst Century, by Thomas PikettyPikettys novel hit the shelves in August 2013 and sparked much discussion concerning income inequality throughout this year. Gates also got to sit down with Piketty himself after reading the nonfiction
5、work to discuss the topic.“As I told him, although I have concerns about some of his secondary points and policy prescriptions, I agree with his most important conclusions: inequality is a growing problem and governments should play a role in reducing it.”How Asia Works, by Joe StudwellStudwells wor
6、k, which was published in May 2014, addresses how countries such as Japan, South Korea and China have continued to achieve high growth, and why other countries have failed to do the same.“The agriculture section of the book was particularly insightful. It provided ample food for thought for me as we
7、ll as the whole Agriculture team at our foundation. And it left us thinking about whether parts of the Asian model can apply in Africa.”Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization, by Vaclav SmilSmils books are a constant favorite of the Microsofts founder one of his books makes Gates l
8、ist almost every year. Making the Modern World came out late in 2013 and explores the global use of materials, from silicon to wood and plastic.“If anyone tries to tell you were using fewer materials, send him this book. With his usual skepticism and his love of data, Smil shows how our ability to m
9、ake things with fewer materials say, soda cans that need less aluminum makes them cheaper, which actually encourages more production.”语篇解读：本文介绍了比尔盖茨喜欢阅读的四本关于商业和经济的书。1The books mentioned in the text are mainly about _.Acharity in the worldBbusiness and economyCpoverty in the worldDBill Gates life exp
10、erience解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“All of the books are standout reads, according to the billionaire, most of which are focused on business and economy.”可知，比尔盖茨喜欢的这些书都是优秀读物，其中大部分书与商业和经济有关，故B项正确。2Of the books, _ is best praised by Bill Gates.AHow Asia WorksBCapital in the TwentyFirst CenturyCBusiness Adven
11、turesDMaking the Modern World：Materials and Dematerialization解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“He reread it again this year, labeling it the best business book he has ever read.”可知，Business Adventures这本书是最受比尔盖茨称赞的，故C项正确。3Gates once had a personal discussion with the author of_.ACapital in the TwentyFirst Century
12、BBusiness AdventuresCHow Asia WorksDMaking the Modern World：Materials and Dematerialization解析：选A细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Gates also got to sit down with Piketty himself after reading the nonfiction work to discuss the topic.”可知，比尔盖茨和Capital in the TwentyFirst Century这本书的作者坐下来交谈过，故A项正确。4In How Asia Works, the
13、 author analyses _.Awhy African agriculture cannot develop fastBhow they can apply Asian economic model in African countriesCwhy Asia is slow in agricultural developmentDhow some Asian countries have rapidly grown in economy解析：选D细节理解题。根据第七段中的“addresses how countries such as Japan, South Korea and Ch
14、ina have continued to achieve high growth”可知，How Asia Works主要介绍了一些亚洲国家如日本、韩国和中国是如何快速发展经济的，故D项正确。B(2018山东省部分重点中学联考)The Scottish composer Evelyn Glennie lost nearly all her hearing as a young girl, yet went on to a very successful career in music including winning Grammy awards. When somebody asks her
15、，“How do you hear？” She responds, “How do you hear? Is it only with your ears？” For Glennie, and for us too, listening is not only hearing, but is understanding. We need to listen to what is said and unsaid, and also how it is said.Its important to hear what people say accurately. As Mark Twain said
16、，“The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug (萤火虫)” If you miss something or youre not sure youve heard accurately, ask the speakers. At this point youre not evaluating what they say, but just looking for accuracy and und
17、erstanding. Here are some ways to get clear about what they say and dont say. Why are they saying this now, instead of sooner or later? Why are they emphasizing these points, instead of something else?Listen to how it is said. People send signals about what they mean with their voices and body langu
18、age that sometimes differ from the words they say. While going through the next points, think about someone whose real meaning you might sometimes miss, and see if any of these signals might come up. First, voices. When others speak, notice changes in their volume, pace, and tone. Second, body langu
19、age. Notice gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions. Do these sync what they are saying, or do they tell a different story? Third, emotions. What is the person true feeling? Now you might not know for sure, but be considerate, open to understanding, and ask thoughtful questions.语篇解读：本文讲述了聆听的内涵
20、。我们要听懂说话人想要表达的言外之意，并且要注意说话方式。5Whats the writers purpose of mentioning Evelyn Glennie?ATo give an example of wise words.BTo introduce a worldfamous musician.CTo help explain the meaning of listening.DTo encourage us to fight against disability.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For Glennie, and for us too, listening
21、 is not only hearing, but is understanding.”可知，对于Glennie和“我们”来说，聆听不仅是用耳朵听而且是理解，这里说明了聆听的内涵。所以选项C正确。6What can we learn from what Mark Twain said?AIt is important to have a good knowledge of English words.BPeople should know words can be used in many different ways.CEnglish is a very complicated langua
22、ge with a large vocabulary.DThe slight difference between words may result in misunderstanding.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Its important to hear what people say accurately.”和“At this point youre not evaluating what they say, but just looking for accuracy and understanding.”可知，准确听懂说话者的意思很重要。因此，选项D“词语的细微差异可能导致
23、误解”与Mark Twain所说的话意思相吻合。7What does the underlined word “sync” in the last paragraph probably mean?AMatch.BProve.CDescribe. DAnalyze.解析：选A词义猜测题。画线词前的修饰词these指代前一句中的“gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions”；再根据画线词后的“what they are saying, or do they tell a different story”可推断，match与画线词意思相近。故选A。8W
24、hich is the best title for this passage?ASpeak While You Listen BListen Beyond WordsCRead Between Lines DThink as You Talk解析：选B标题归纳题。本文主要说明通过观察说话人的说话方式来听懂说话人想表达的言外之意。所以选B。C(2018海口调研)Students at Harvard this term have been doing something for the first time in the universitys long history. They promi
25、se not to cheat, or more specifically, to sign up to an honor code in which they promise to stick to values of academic integrity (学术诚信). It means students at the wellknown US university have to promise not to cheat in exams.Brett Flehinger, a professor at Harvard, says students now write their own
26、“personal response” to the honor code before starting term, repeat their promise when registering and then again before taking exams.Harvards adoption of an honor code follows a widelyknown cheating event in 2012. On one exam paper, more than a hundred students were investigated and about 70 later f
27、aced punishment.An annual survey was conducted by the student newspaper, the Harvard Crimson. The survey, based on a sample of more than 70% of new students, also asked about cheating. It found 9% admitted to having cheated in an exam. There were others who had cheated in homework, academic work and
28、 other assignments.So will students be stopped from cheating by a promise?A study published in October by the US National Bureau of Economic Research found “strong evidence” of cheating from at least 10% of students. “It is not surprising that students cheat they have enough reasons to do so, and th
29、e likelihood of getting caught is low，” concluded the study. “What is perhaps more surprising is that so little effort is devoted to catching cheating students.”Would an honor code make a difference?Sir Cary Cooper, a professor at Manchester Business School, says, “I dont think it actually stops the
30、 cheating that much. A university will have it because it gives specific moral guidance about what is incorrect behavior.”语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。哈佛大学为了防止学生在考试中作弊，在注册和考试前让学生签署诚信守则，以此来提升学术诚信度。9Whats the main purpose of Harvards honor code?ATo spread knowledge.BTo prevent students cheating in exams.CTo punish s
31、tudents cheating in exams.DTo introduce results of failing in the exams.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第三句及第一段内容可知，哈佛大学的诚信守则的主要目的是防止学生考试作弊。故选B。10What made Harvards honor code appear?AThe survey by the Harvard Crimson.BA lot of Harvards students suggestions.CThe influence from the other US universities.DA number of
32、 Harvards students cheating in exams.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句及第三段内容可知，作弊事件迫使哈佛大学采用诚信守则制度。故选D。11What do we know about the new students of Harvard?ANobody admitted having cheated in exams.BSome of them cheated in academic work.CAll of them cheated on homework.DThey didnt cheat in exams.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句
33、及第四段内容可知，一些哈佛新生曾在学术作业中作弊过。故选B。12What may be the best title for the text?AStudents at Harvard are learning to behave honestly in examsBHarvard is working on the exam paper about cheatingCHarvard forces students to follow the honor codeDStudents at Harvard are tired of cheating in exams解析：选A标题归纳题。本文主要
34、介绍哈佛大学为了防止学生在考试中作弊，采用了诚信守则制度，因此A项“哈佛学生正学习在考试中诚信”适合做文章标题。故选A。D(2018福州五校第一次联考)There is a popular saying in the English language：“Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unkind words, namecalling or even the socalled “the silent treatment” can hurt c
35、hildren as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so.A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher an
36、d his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed
37、 imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers
38、called the corpus callosum. This was the area that was underdeveloped.The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional cond
39、ition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatrys website.Parents cannot control what
40、other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现，语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接，对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。13Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?ATo show the power of words.BTo introduce an opposite view.CTo prove the authors argument.DTo show ancie
41、nt peoples wisdom.解析：选B作者意图题。引用名人名言、谚语等是文章开篇的常见写作方式，且大多用来引出文章的话题。但是根据此谚语后面的“Well, that is not true. Unkind words . sometimes even more so.”可知，本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点，故选B。14What will be discussed in the next paragraph?AComments on the findings.BApproaches to further studies.CSuggestions to pare
42、nts.DDifferent opinions on the matter.解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备，使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选C。15What is the main idea of the passage?AThe way we speak matters.BVerbal violence should be stopped.CUnkind words hurt the brain.DWords are worse than sticks and stones.解析：
43、选C主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响，再根据文中的“verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain”可以看出，其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。故选C。.阅读七选五(2018成都市诊断性检测)Color is in everything we touch, taste, smell and feel.It evokes (唤起) emotion without any thought._1_ We are all familiar with it, but do you know th
44、e following facts?Silver will save you life.When buying a new car and finding yourself facing various choices, you cant think clearly.Your best choice is to go with silver.Silvercolored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident._2_ Another reason is the silver colors ability to have a l
45、ook of cleanliness._3_ Tough prisoners and crazy patients? It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control.So it surely has a useful place and a purpose, other than decorating a dress or Barbies dream house.Yellow makes you hungry.Yellow and orange are not recommended fo
46、r use in kitchens, as they have a positive influence on your appetite._4_ Im not normally one for conspiracy (阴谋) theories but perhaps theres something in it for them if we remain ignorant of yellows effects.Color is an imaginary friend.Technically, its all in our heads: color does not exist at all.
47、_5_ So, if you start a heated debate over color combinations with someone that you are certain has a low IQ or is just colorblind, remember its a pointless argument and you should drop it instantly. Youre both wrong.APink comforts the nerves.BBlue is the most common favorite color.CThey are most not
48、iceable on the road and in low light.DYellowcolored walls seldom leave us wanting more food.EIt can be the focus of our careers, our lifestyle and the fun we have.FThen where would our restaurant owners be without the clever tricks?GColor tries to make sense of the huge amount of information from th
49、e outer world.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些色彩的作用。1选E根据上文可知，色彩与人们的生活密切相关，可以唤起人们的情感。E项“色彩是人们职业、生活方式和娱乐的焦点”与此呼应，所以选E项。2选C根据上文的“Your best choice is to go with silver.Silvercolored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident.”及下文的“Another reason is the silver colors ability to have a look of cleanli
50、ness.”可知，银色引人注目，不易引起交通事故，所以选C项。3选A根据下文的“It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control.”可推知，本段所介绍的颜色有定心安神的作用，所以选A项。4选F根据下文的“Im not normally one for conspiracy (阴谋) . if we remain ignorant of yellows effects.”可推知应选F项，餐馆老板利用色彩的作用招揽更多的顾客。5选G根据上文的“Color is an imaginary friend.Technically, its all in our heads: color does not exist at all.”可推知，本段对色彩进行了综合性的客观描述，与G项吻合，所以选G项。
