1、（一）解题步骤1. 浏览全文，掌握大意要求考生把握全篇主旨，弄清上下文逻辑关系。有时孤立地分析某个句子，其结构正确、语意通顺，但联系上下文，会发现有不合逻辑的地方。阅读时，如有明显的错误可随手改正。2. 分句阅读，逐行找错在读懂文章之后，要逐句分开。分析在词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面是否有错。要做到逐行分析，不可遗漏，句与句之间要注意连词的使用，具体做到以下几点：1)注意整篇文章的语态与时态前后是否一致。2)名词的数与格，名词前该不该用冠词，用什么冠词。3)习语结构搭配是否完整，有无缺少或多了介词、副词的现象。4)非谓语动词（不定式、分词、动名词）的运用是否正确。5)连词与关系代（副）词用法是否
2、贴切。名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等的结构与用法。6)代词用法与结构是否正确。人称代词、物主代词以及it作形式主语或形式宾语等的用法。7)形容词、副词的比较级、最高级是否混用。短文改错口诀：短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。名词爱考数与格，冠词在前错、多、少。动词时态和语态，非谓搭配莫错了。连、代、形、副错一样，多是故意来混淆。介词多半考搭配，多、漏、误用想周到。句法涉及到一致，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。3由易到难, 各个击破 纠错要从最简单、最熟悉的项目入手, 先从语法的角度入手, 再从逻辑方面考虑, 最后推敲难题。4检查核对，注意方法再浏览改后的全文，看全篇是否语意通
3、顺，注意无错行一般是一行。要按照绝对规范的要求去答题。（二）错误形式与改法1改词（56个）：在文中该词下面划横线；在题号后横线上写出要改的词。错词占一半以上, 常见的是语法错误和搭配错误。2添词（12个）：在文中标上添词符号（）；在题号后横线上写出要添的词。漏掉的往往是冠词、介词、连词等虚词, 与前后词的搭配有关。不仅要注意固定搭配, 也要注意行文习惯或上下文之间的逻辑关系。3去掉（12个）：在文中用斜线划掉该词；在题号后写上要划掉的词，并也用斜线划掉。多余的词往往是冠词、介词、代词等。4正确（1个）：在题号后横线上写出正确符号（）。 （三）短文改错应遵循的几个原则1. 错误以改动最少为原则
4、这是指每行最多只能改动一处，即在一个词上进行改动，可以是增词、减词、改词，但无论是何种改动，只能是增加一词，减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。没有错误的一行只需打勾表明正确而无需改动。2. 虚词以添加或者删除为原则历年高考短文改错题需要添或删的地方差不多是23处。这些需要添删的词一般都是冠词、代词、介词、关系词等；而动词、名词等轻易不能添删，否则会改变句子原意。如：1）Can you tell me about what I should do? 析删掉about。本题是从两种相似结构的区别角度命题：tell sb. about sth.意为告诉某人某事的一些情况，about后一般跟名词或代词。
5、应用tell sb. sth. 意为告诉某人某事，作直接宾语的可以是名词，也可以是名词性从句。2）In some places you may borrow as many books as you want ,in other places where you are limited to a certain number ,of which some may be novels .析删去where。in other places 后面跟的不是定语从句。如果将其视为定语从句，则整个句子结构不完整（即只有状语而无主语），不能正确表达信息。3）But he was even more surpr
6、ised to see few children near the tigers cage .析few前加不定冠词a。因为从句意上看是有几个孩子，few前加上a后，语法、语意都完整无误，且无需大改。但不少考生把few改为some 或many ，从语法上看，这样改虽然纠正了错误，句子也非常通顺，但把几个变成一些或许多，与句子原意有了出入，所以不是正确答案。3. 实词以改变形式为原则在改错过程中，对实词的处理一般只是改变它的形式，不能改变其词义也不能改换成另一个实词，更不能随便添删。如：1）Would you mind do me a favour ?析do改为doing。但有些考生把mind给删
7、去了，使原句成为Would you do me a favour? 这样改虽然纠正了语法错误，但是句子的语气却变得很不委婉。故不是正确答案。2）Im sure well have a wonderfully time together .析把wonderfully 改为wonderful。wonderfully 是副词，不能作定语修饰time。有些考生把wonderfully 改为good ,这样虽然意思上对了，但是却削弱了语气。4.原意以保持不变为原则一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则（即不能改变文章或作者所要表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系），只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文逻辑错误
8、进行改正，且要小改而不大改。如：1）I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow .析去掉at 。去掉at后 the moment 就成了一个连词，意思和作用相当于as soon as,引导时间状语从句。很多同学把moment 后面添上了一个when ，使得后面的句子成了一个定语从句，修饰the moment。如果这样，语法上虽然正确，但强调的却是自己什么时间睡着的。从整个语句看，作者是强调自己累，而不是强调睡觉的时间。故不能添加when。2）But I know a bull can ru
9、n more faster than a man .析more 改为much。此句错误一目了然，但是如果不认真思考，不能分清错误类型，很可能会直接去掉more 。根据句意及常识，公牛比人跑得快得多，比较级faster 前应有表程度的状语，faster前的more不属于多余词，而是属于用错了词，应该改为much 。这样改，不仅语法正确，而且合乎常理。若去掉more ,faster 的程度就大大削弱了。所以应把 more改为much，而不能去掉它。3）Modern people know more about health ,have better food ,and to live in cle
10、aner surroundings.析去掉to。因为and连接的是三个并列的谓语动词know ,have 和live。部分考生误将and去掉而保留了to ,to live in cleaner surroundings 成了目的状语，这样改从语法角度看是正确的，但是句子的结构和意思却变了。故不是正确答案。4）Thats why Americans get uneasy when a listener is silence and shows no change of expression.析silence 改为silent 。某些考生对in silence 这一短语很熟悉，所以一看此处sile
11、nce 前无介词in，即判断为少介词in，但忽略了介词短语in silence 相当于副词silently ，表示安静地，无声地，多用作状语，修饰动词，与此句情况不符。此处应把silence 改为形容词silent ,silent 与前面的系动词is构成系表结构，表示状态。 热点1：句子累赘造成的错误 热点诠释句子累赘造成的错误几乎在每年的高考短文改错中都会出现，而且隐蔽性较强，因此容易导致丢分。累赘词往往出现在考生认为合理的地方。典例调研例1They talked about the plan would be put into practice next year.would前加that/
12、which。 that/which引导限制性定语从句，本身在从句中作主语，不能省略。例2A new building has been put up in our school, which is more higher than the old one. 去掉more或moremuch。higher本身就是比较级，故前面不能再出现more,但可以用much来加强程度。例3Your parents will be unhappy if they will come back to see you are playing computer games again.去掉后一个will。if引导的条
13、件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表将来。【指导借鉴】句子累赘造成的错误类型很多，隐蔽性很强，大家可从以下几方面考虑：1.分析句子结构，看有无不合理的成分;2.从语法的角度分析，看句子结构是否符合特殊的语法需要;3.从句子的意义方面考虑，看是否有累赘成分，特别是一些意义相近的句式，有没有重复成分。强化闯关1.I never knew that a ride down a river could be so much exciting.2.I hope that both you two could come and visit us sometime soon.3. Ill spend all th
14、e whole weekend reading and preparing for it.4. Whenever I see them, I will often think of my English teacher.5. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital when they are ill.【解析】1. 去掉much。不少考生以为so much 是对exciting的必要强调而误将so much exciting视为正确内容，其实so已经是exciting的程度修饰语，再加much是
15、一种重复，另外much只能修饰不可数名词或形容词、副词比较级而不能修饰其原级。2. 去掉both。 不少考生以为both you two是一种强调，而误将其视为正确内容。其实， both与 two在意义上重复。3去掉all。 不少考生以为all the whole是对weekend的一种强调，而误将其视为正确内容。其实，all与whole在意义上重复。4去掉often。 often在意义上与whenever重复。5去掉for。不少考生以为get for help为正确短语,其实，get 是及物动词，后应直接跟宾语。 热点2：一致原则 热点诠释高考短文改错由于不一致造成的错误，涉及的知识点非常多
16、，而且具有很强的隐蔽性，也是高考区分度较高的题型。典例调研例1 Every means have been tried but we still cant bring the fire under control.havehas。means当方法，手段讲时，单复数同形，此处因为前面有every修饰，因此是单数形式。例2He walked quietly but quick towards the door.quickquickly。此处应用副词作方式状语。例3That Sunday, I finished my homework, went to the stadium and watch a
17、n exciting football match.watchwatched。此处and连接过去发生的三个连续的动作，时态应一致。例4I kept telling him to work hard, but they didnt help.theyit。it在此处指代的是前面整个句子的内容，是单数概念。例5I wrote some short poems and posted it to the editor, who praised me.itthem。此处代词替代前面的复数名词poems,故用them。例6Not only the students but also the teacher
18、 were surprised when he came out first in the exam.werewas。not only.but also.连接两个主语时遵守就近原则，此处谓语动词单复数应与the teacher一致。【指导借鉴】判断一致原则使用是否正确，大家可从以下几方面考虑：主谓是否一致；连词连接的两个成分的词性是否一致；时态是否一致；观察上下文，看代词的指代内容是什么；连词使用是否符合逻辑。强化闯关1. It is commonly believed in the United States that school was where people go to get ed
19、ucation.2. What was announced on the radio have caused great excitement among the public.3. The old man picked up the rubbish and threw them into the dustbin.4. John wanted very much to succeed in music but finally he succeeded with the help of his teacher.5. They were surprised that a child could w
20、ork out the problem and they themselves couldnt.6. He spoke quietly and firmly and we were all greatly encouraged by his words.7. An important question about eating out is who pay for the meal.8. I think teachers should go and visit some of their students parents to let them know what his children d
21、o at school.【解析】 热点3：非谓语动词的误用 重点诠释由于自身特点和复杂性，非谓语动词是中学生较难掌握语法项目之一，也是短文改错命题的一个热点。非谓语动词内容很多，因此命题的知识点也有很多。短文改错除了考查非谓语动词的基本功能外，还考查非谓语动词的形式变化以及动词与非谓语动词的不同搭配等。典例调研例1 Having passed all the tests , she felt a great weight taking off her mind .takingtaken。此句的意思是通过了所有的测验，她感到去掉了一块心病。weight 与take off 是动宾关系，所以用过去
22、分词形式，taken off 在句中作宾语补足语。例2In spite of his breaking English ,he can make himself understood.breakingbroken。broken English 表示不连贯的英语。例3I didnt go to visit the Science Museum on National Day but I hope it soon.itto。 为了表达简练，我们可把不定式中的动词和后面的部分省略，而仅仅保留不定式符号to。例4 The new college graduate insisted on sent wh
23、ere he was most needed.sent前加being。 insist 一词后接从句或on doing 短语，动词send和主语graduate 是动宾关系，所以需用动名词的被动式。【指导借鉴】非谓语动词具有灵活多变的特点，大家在判断使用何种非谓语动词形式时，可遵循以下规律：1. 对比时间：对照谓语动词的时间，确定非谓语动词的时态形式非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，我们就用不定式的一般式；如果表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行，我们就用现在分词的一般式或不定式的进行式；如果
24、表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，我们就用现在分词、不定式或动名词的完成式（特殊情况下，也可用动名词的一般式）。2辨明逻辑：从非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系判断非谓语动词的语态如果非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者，即两者之间存在主谓关系，就用非谓语动词的主动式；如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者，即两者之间存在动宾关系，就用非谓语动词的被动式。3. 两方面结合，判断时态、语态混合形式有些非谓语动词的形式把时态和语态的变化融合在一起，这时，我们可以把上述两方面结合起来判断。在非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者的情况下，a)如果非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动
25、作同时发生，就用现在分词的被动式；b)如果动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，就用不定式的被动式；c)如果动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，就用现在分词、动名词或不定式的完成被动式。强化闯关1. No computers so far having built can have the same ability as human brains.2. Guiding by a belief that computers would be valuable tools on every office desktop and in every home, Bill Gates began deve
26、loping software for personal computers.3. When Mrs. White goes back to her home after class, she expects Jane, her daughter, to being working at her desk.4. Never lost faith in himself, the scientist was determined to carry on with the research, no matter what others said.5. Having worn out after a
27、long walk, Helen called and said that she couldnt come to the party.6. Most of the students, surprising at the way the question was put, didnt know how to answer it.7. So far, several cases of a disease, knowing as bird flu, are reported to have been found in the country. 8. Everything taking into c
28、onsideration, they ought to have another chance.9. If the work be completed by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.10. The Olympic Games take place in Beijing in 2008 will surely attract reporters of all countries.【解析】1. 去掉having。 过去分词作后置定语，在本句中表被动概念。2. GuidingGu
29、ided。过去分词作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Because he was guided. (因为受引导)。3. beingbe。to be working 是动词不定式的进行式, expect sb. to be doing., 意为 期待某人正在干。 4. lostlosing。现在分词的否定式作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Because he never lost.，注意现在分词的否定式是在分词的前面加not或never。5. 去掉Having，worn中的w改为大写。worn out为过去分词作原因状语，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经存在的状态，相当于原因状语从句Because
30、she was worn out.,wear sb. out 意为使某人筋疲力尽。6. surprisingsurprised。过去分词作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句because they were surprised.。7. knowingknown。过去分词作后置定语，known as意为被称为，作为被人知道8. takingtaken。过去分词构成的独立主格结构作条件状语。Everything taken into consideration相当于条件状语从句If everything is taken into consideration(假如把一切考虑在内的话)。9. be前加to
31、。由时间状语by the end of this month以及动词complete和句子的主语work的关系判断，应用不定式的被动式作后置定语，表示将来的被动动作。10. take 前加to。不定式作后置定语，表示将来要发生的动作。注意take place无被动形式，也不能用其过去分词作定语、状语等。 热点4：词语搭配错误 重点诠释词语搭配涉及的知识点也比较多，最为重要的有介词和名词的固定搭配，动词与介词或副词的搭配，动词与非谓语动词的搭配，以及某些句型的固定搭配等都会成为短文改错的考查点。典例调研例1 Can you tell me the situation at which this
32、phrase is used?atin。介词搭配错误。在场合中应用介词in。例2This is the only thing I can take pride.pride 后加in。介词缺少错误。take pride in表示以为自豪。例3How a clever idea he thought of!HowWhat。感叹词使用错误。感叹句中what后跟名词，how后跟形容词或副词。例4For the work done, they went home.ForWith。介词使用错误。后面是非谓语动词形式done,因此只能用介词with构成复合结构。例5It was not long when
33、they reached the mountain village.whenbefore。连词搭配错误。本句应用It was not long before.表示不久以后就之意。【指导借鉴】搭配错误类型很多，内容很多，大家在平时的学习中多注意一些特定的搭配是关键。强化闯关1. We found the dictionary with great use in helping us learn English.2. We all wished him good luck to his new job.3. I am afraid the English novel is difficult fo
34、r you to read.4. In all the films I have ever seen, Harry Potter is the best.5. By far we have finished only twothirds of the work.6. The books in the other shop will be cheaper, but not same good.7. He said that as though he was invited, he would not go to the party.8. We were told that the road ah
35、ead was in construction.9. At last the two sides agreed to a ceasefire.10. Except for the rain, we would be out for a picnic.【解析】1. withof。介词搭配错误。表示事物的特性时用of +抽象名词（importance, use, help, value,.)。2. toin。介词搭配错误。我们用Good luck to sb.,而用Good luck in sth.。3. difficult前加too。副词缺少错误。too.to搭配在一起用，表示太而不能。4. I
36、nOf。介词搭配错误。表示在范围中我们用介词of。5. BySo。短语搭配错误。so far表示到目前为止，by far用来修饰比较级或最高级以加强程度。6. sameas。副词搭配错误。同级比较用as. as/so.as。7. aseven。连词搭配错误。 as though/if意为好像，引导方式状语从句，even though/if意为尽管，引导让步状语从句。8. inunder。介词搭配错误。表示正在进行，可用under+n。9. toon。介词搭配错误。表示双方在某一问题上取得一致，用agree on sth.。10. ExceptBut。介词搭配错误。except for意为除了，
37、强调整体中的细节，but for意 为要不是，用来替代虚拟语气条件句。 热点5：词性的分辨 词性分辨涉及的内容也非常广，如名词或动词中同义词、近义词的辨析，介词的辨析，形容词或副词的辨析等。典例调研例1 We had a pleased trip, but we were all a little tired.pleasedpleasant。形容词应用错误。pleased感到高兴的，用于说明人的情感；pleasant令人高兴的，用于说明事物的特征。例2He was hoped to be back in two weeks time.hopedsupposed/expected。动词应用错误。
38、 hope不能用于hope sb. to do sth.结构。例3Have you found who broke the window?found后加out。副词缺少错误。find指找到具体的物体；find out指搞清楚、弄明白事情的真相。例4He was so angry that he stared at me.staredglared。动词应用错误。stare意为凝视；glare意为怒视。例5I cant suppose his raising objections at the meeting.supposeimagine。动词搭配错误。imagine 后搭配名词或动名词，supp
39、ose后搭配不定式作补语。【指导借鉴】词性分辨错误包含的内容广泛，涉及到语言知识的方方面面，大家应注意在平时的复习中积累经验。强化闯关1. We all thought high of him who reduced the high price.2. We find his English greatly increased.3. Care your own business!4. Do you think he is possible to give us some help?5. We found him sitting lonely in a corner.6. We know she
40、 is quite special about clothes.7. Did you notice which direction the car had gone?8. I own great thanks to your help.9. We were divided from each other when we went into the crowd.10. I dont know how long the work will be finished.【解析】7. directionway。名词搭配错误。direction当方向讲时，前应用介词in，way当方向讲时，前面不需要加介词。8. ownowe。动词搭配错误。当表示归功于或欠之意时，应用动词owe。9. dividedseparated。动词搭配错误。divide意为把分为几部分，后面搭配介词into；separate意为分离、隔离，后面搭配介词from。10. longsoon。副词应用错误。long表示动作持续的时间，soon表示动作结束的时间。
