1、一、总体导入 英语测试中完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景，且历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。完形填空重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力，正好满足了高考的需求，通过研究历年真题可从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干命题的规律：二、命题规律 完型填空的命题一方面考虑难度系数，另一方面还要考虑到文章的选材以及命题角度，以下从难易系数和文章选材和命题角度三个方面进行讲解：（一）难度系数1. 阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。高考考纲要求完形填空题篇幅为一段约200-250单词的文章，不过自1998年起高考完形填空在词数上(1998年294词)都超
2、过260个单词；答题时间由原来的18分钟减少为15分钟，这在阅读难度及速度上都对考生提出了更高的要求。2. 生词量稳中有增。整体上来说，高考英语完型填空中生词量的控制一般都在3%以内，2014年以前的高考完形填空题中除人名、地名和部分注释词外，基本上出现的生词很少；但从近两年开始出现更多不含汉语注释的生词，生词的多少会影响了阅读速度，使学生出现理解偏差或理解困难，从而降低答题正确率。3. 长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。近几年高考完形材料在句子上突出了对行文逻辑及理解能力方面的考查，在选材上主要表现为长句、复合句增多、句子结构复杂(定语从句、状语从句、插入语等)、句式丰富多样(陈述句、祈使句、省
3、略句、疑问句、感叹句等)，极大地增加阅读难度，限制学生的理解程度。4. 单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大近几年考纲明确要求加强对考生应用能力的考查，在应用中测试考生运用英语基础知识的能力，这一点在近几年高考完形填空中得到了淋漓尽致的体现。具体体现在文章在题目设置上相似项增多，迷惑选项较强，考生必须通过寻找上下文隐含信息，感受语境，采用直接和排除等技巧才能找出符合题意的最佳选项。（二）文章选材1. 记叙文【命题趋势】完形填空考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。要求考生通读全文，掌握文章大意，运用词汇、语法等知识，选择最佳答案，使文章意思通顺，结构完整。记叙型完形填空是高考和备
4、考的重点。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：a. 首句完整，线索清楚。一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。b. 叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。c. 实词为主，虚词为辅。高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200260个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范
5、畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。【应试对策】a. 重视首句，开篇明义。从历年的试题可以看出，完形填空首句一般不设题。这为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息。所以应充分重视首句的指示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此拓展思维，争取开局胜利。b. 利用语境，揣摩心态。高考完形填空题逐渐摒弃语法分析，朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘，因此考生只有借助上下文乃至全文语境启示或限定，揣摩作者的心情，以及他对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，除了对
6、关联用语的把握外，还要把握语气、动作等的描写。c. 理清线索，把握方向。记叙文一般按事件发展顺序叙述，有时用倒叙。答题时，通过理清人物间的关系，把握人物各自所做的事情，从而把握细节，找准作者的记叙方向，正确理解文章。例如，（2016年全国3卷）When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant 21 Miller King, who was the best 22 at our school.Football season started in September and a
7、ll summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for 23 .Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from 24 . He looked very 25 , but he didnt cry.That season, I 26 all of Millers records while he 27 the home games from
8、 the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, 28 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 29 .One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 30 going over a fence which wasnt 31 to climb if you had both arms. Im sure I was the last person in th
9、e world he wanted to accept 32 from. But even that challenge he accepted. I 33 him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally 34 on the other side, he said to me, You know, I didnt tell you this during the season, but you did 35 .Thank you for filling in for 36 .His words freed me from my bad
10、37 . I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was 38 ahead of me. I was right to have 39 him. From that day on，I grew 40 and a little more real.21. A. cheering for B. beating out C. relying on D. staying with22. A. coach B. student C. teacher
11、 D. player23. A. practice B. show C. comfort D. pleasure24. A. school B. vacation C. hospital D. training25. A. pale B. calm C. relaxed D. ashamed26. A. held B. broke C. set D. tried27. A. reported B. judged C. organized D. watched28. A. and B. then C. but D. thus29. A. decision B. mistake C. accide
12、nt D. sacrifice30. A. stuck B. hurt C. tried D. lost31. A. steady B. hard C. fun D. fit32. A. praise B. advice C. assistance D. apology33. A. let B. helped C. had D. noticed34. A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D. safe35. A. fine B. wrong C. quickly D. normally36. A. us B. yourself C. me D. them37. A.
13、memories B. ideas C. attitudes D. dreams38. A. still B. also C. yet D. just39. A. challenged B. cured C. invited D. admired40. A. healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D. cooler【解析】21. B考查动词短语辨析。A. cheering for为欢呼；B. beating out打败；C. relying on依靠；D. staying with和待在一起。根据become the star on our football team
14、可知，要想成为球队里的明星，就要打败最优秀的球员，故选B。22. D考查名词辨析。A. coach教练；B. student学生；C. teacher教师；D. player选手，球员。全校最好的球员是Miller King，故选D。23. A考查名词辨析。A. practice练习；B. show演出，表现，节目；C. comfort安慰；D. pleasure乐趣。作者随身带着足球是为了练习，故选A。24. C考查名词辨析。A. school学校；B. vacation假期；C. hospital医院；D. training训练。Miller意外受伤，失去了右臂，作者在他出院后去看他，故选
15、C。25. A考查形容词辨析。A. pale苍白的；B. calm平静的；C. relaxed放松点；D. ashamed羞耻的，惭愧的。根据but he didnt cry可知，Miller的情况不太乐观，故选A。26. B考查动词辨析。A. held握住；B. broke打破；C. set创立，开创；D. tried尝试。根据records记录可知，作者破了Miller的纪录，故选B。27. D考查动词辨析。A. reported报告；B. judged 判断；C. organized组织；D. watched观看。while he 27 the home games from the b
16、ench受伤后Miller坐在长凳上看比赛，故选D。28. C考查并列连词。A. and和；B. then然后；C. but但是；D. thus因此。 I was named most valuable player和I often had crazy dreams 形成对比，作者虽然被封为最有价值球员，但是他总是做噩梦，故选C。29. C考查名词辨析。A. decision决定；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. sacrifice牺牲。让作者感到内疚的是，仿佛是自己该为Miller的事故负责，觉得有点胜之不武，故选C。30. A考查形容词辨析。A. stuck；B.
17、 hurt；C. tired劳累的；D. lost丢失的。saw Miller 30 going over a fence作者看到Miller在翻篱笆，只有一只手臂的Miller翻篱笆很困难，因此应该是被卡在篱笆上了，故选A。31. B考查形容词辨析。A. steady稳定的；B. hard困难的；C. fun有趣的；D. fit合适的，健康的。此处是说，手臂健全的人翻篱笆不费吹灰之力，故选B。35. A考查副词辨析。A. fine好的；B. wrong错误地；C. quickly迅速；D. normally正常。Miller认为作者表现得很好，故选A。36. C考查代词辨析。A. us我们；
18、B. yourself 你自己； C. me我；D. them他们。Miller感谢作者填补了他的空缺，故选C。37. D考查名词辨析。A. memories记忆；B. ideas主意；C. attitudes态度；D. dreams梦想。得到了Miller的认可之后，作者的噩梦也不见了踪影，故选D。38. A考副词辨析。A. still仍然；B. also也；C. yet然而；D. just刚刚。 由Damaged but not defeated可知Mille虽然受伤了，但却不会被打败，认为Miller仍然是最强的，故选A。39. D考查动词辨析。A. challenged挑战；B. cu
19、red治愈；C. invited邀请；D. admired敬佩，赞赏，欣赏。 此处是说，作者认为自己敬佩Miller是对的，故选D。40. B考查形容词比较级。A. healthier更健康的；B. bigger更大的，更重要的，更成功的；C. cleverer更聪明的；D. cooler更酷的，更凉的。从那天起，作者长大了许多，更重视自己的存在了，故选B。2. 说明文【命题趋势】说明型完形填空选材难度一般低于试卷中的阅读理解大题。在设空与选项设计方面充分体现了语言知识运用题的要求：以实词为主，名、动、形、副等词类占全部小题数的90%，绝大多数小题都要从全文角度进行判断。说明性完形填空用言简意
20、赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物、解释事理。最显著的特点是：a. 开头点题做说明型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是具体实物还是理论概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在说明型填空中，作者一般会在首句直接提出说明的对象。b. 结构清晰把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下、从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。【应试对策】a. 通过短文抓主旨一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们
21、窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论和点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。b. 精读短文析文意应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“定式思维”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。要吃透文意，理解到位，应做到以下几点：第一点：从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。第二点：从词汇意义及用法、惯用方式和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。第三点：从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含意义。第四点：从英汉两种语言的差异角度去考虑，避免错误。c. 复读全文再检验在做完一篇完形填空后，文章完整了，应从头至尾读一遍，根据复
22、读的语感和对整篇短文的理解，再次将较明显的错误改正，个别需要推敲的再做调整，尽可能少出错。例如，（2016年上海卷）In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view th
23、at everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without con
24、sultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are a
25、sked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common
26、 goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in compani
27、es. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of m
28、anagement control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses
29、. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desireB. seekC. loseD. dislike 52. A. contraryB. expectationC. degreeD. extreme 53. A. vice versaB. for exampleC. howeverD. otherwise54. A. outs
30、ideB. insideC. belowD. above 55. A. replacingB. assessingC. managingD. encouraging 56. A. referB. contributeC. objectD. apply57. A. agreementB. practiceC. electionD. impression58. A. bossyB. experiencedC. westernD. male 59. A. askingB. trainingC. warningD. firing 60. A. doublingB. maintainingC. redu
31、cingD. estimating 61. A. honored B. leftC. crowdedD. compared62. A. economicallyB. traditionallyC. inadequatelyD. occasionally 63. A. denyB. admitC. assumeD. ensure64. A. virtualB. ineffectiveC. day-to-dayD. on-the-scene65. A. opinionB. riskC. performanceD. attractiveness【解析】51. D 考查动词辨析。根据后半句.will
32、do anything to avoid it可知，人们本能上是不喜欢工作的，他们为逃避工作可以做任何事情。故D项正确。52. A 考查名词辨析。to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端。此处是说无论如何，尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A正确。53. B由后面的例子他们认为如要员工效率高，就要给与他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故B正确。54. D 考查副词辨析。根据后句可知，此处是说他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量余地。故D项above上面的正确。55. C 考查动词辨析。根据前段可知
33、本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。56. B 考查动词短语辨析。refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献；导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理过程作出自己的贡献。故B正确。57. A 考查名词辨析。agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在协商基础之上的，西方人也想模仿这样的方法。故A正确。58. D 考查形容词辨析。根据前半句.women
34、 will become more effective managers than men.可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与人达成一致目标。故D正确。59. A 考查动词辨析。根据前句. encourage employees to use their own initiative. （鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故A正确。60. C 考查动词辨析。根据the trend towards downsizing（缩小规模的趋势）可知，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故动词redu
35、ce减少符合语境。61. B 考查形容词短语。be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与相比；通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的效益。故B项正确。62. B 考查副词辨析。economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地；根据后句Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management con
36、trol可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。63. D 考查动词辨析。deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保；授权管理是一种新型管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。64. A考查形容词辨析。virtual虚拟的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own h
37、ouses可知在这种新型管理方法中人们都通过网络联系，说明这是种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A正确。65. C 考查名词辨析。opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力；根据后半句中in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作时间。故C正确。3. 议论文【命题趋势】议论文是一种通过剖析事物，论述事理，提出主张，发表见解的文体。议论型完形填空分为两种，
38、一种是夹叙夹议型完形填空；另一种是纯议论型完形填空。【应试对策】a. 首句制胜，论点明确。议论型完形填空绝大多数都把文章主旨句作为首句。作者一般在这一句话中提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。b. 结构清晰，脉络有序。议论型完形填空的三要素：论点、论据和论证。它们一般有序地安排在引子、正文、结论这一议论文的一般结构中。能说明论据主要内容的答案，可以在论点里得到印证，而论点的答案也可以与论据结合起来，这样论点、论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，逻辑流畅，都会使用一些连接词。如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally,
39、worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence, hence, also, personally, further more, definitely, surely, undoubtedly, obviously, additionally, besides, likewise, for the sake of, firstl等。c. 按一定的方法论证。议论型完形填空都是按一定的论证方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法(分析个别事物，达到共同点，得出结论)；推理法(从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论)；对照法(正
40、反对照，分析说明，得出结论)；驳论法(阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点)。例如，（2014年全国1卷）As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this _41_at work in people of all _42_. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about _43_with their
41、 new toys. But their _44_soon wear off and by January those_45_toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_46_stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones _47_interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child_48_bathes it and brushes its fur. Wi
42、thin a short time, however, the_49_of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great_50_but soon looking forward to_51_. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many_52_, who complain about the long drives to work, _53_drove
43、for hours at a time when they first_54_ their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually _55_to do a lot of_56_things, which never had _57_while working. But _58_after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they _59_. A
44、nd, like the child in January, they go searching for new_60_.41. A. principle B. habit C. way D. power42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going44. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow45. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive46. A. well-organi
45、zed B. colorfully-printed C. newly-collected D. half-filled47. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main48. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly49. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game50. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement51. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibilit
46、y D. success52. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees 53. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely54. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered 55. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan56. A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct57. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge58. A.
47、only B. well C. even D. soon59. A. lost B. choose C. left D. quit60. A. pets B. toys C. riends D. colleagues【解析】41. A 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。事实上，我们可以看到这个法则在起作用。此处principle法则；habit习惯；way方式、方法；power力量。只有principle和第一句话中的rule意思接近。故选A。42. D 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。后面详细描述了不同年龄的人的情况，因此可知本句话的意思是：其实，我们在不同年龄的人在工作时都会看出这一点。此处part
48、ies党、聚会；B.races竞赛；countries国家；ages年龄。故选D。46. D 考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。这个世界充满了装了一半的集邮册和为完成的模型，此处well-organized 组织好的；colorfully-printed涂得五颜六色的；newly-collected新收集来的；half-filled完成一半的。这里又是一个不能把兴趣保持下去的例子。所以最佳选D。47. B 考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。每一个都如一个立在那里的纪念碑来纪念某个人短暂的兴趣。此处broad宽的；passing短暂的；different 不同的；main主要的。如果知道passing的
49、意思是短暂的。那么选B就很容易了。48. C 考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。当父母带回家一只宠物，他们的孩子高高兴兴地给它洗澡、给它刷毛。此处silently安静地；impatiently 不耐烦地；gladly高兴地；worriedly担心地。小孩子对宠物很感兴趣，所以选C最能表达这里的意思。49. B 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。然而，很快照顾动物的责任就交给父母。此处promise承诺；burden负担、责任；right权利；game游戏。如果兴趣变成了每天必做的是，孩子就坚持不下去了。当然照顾宠物的责任就由父母来承担了。50. D 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。青少年进入高中时很激动。此处
50、courage勇气；calmness平静； confusion 混淆；excitement激动。根据常识可知，一开始进入新环境人们应该是兴奋、激动的。故选D。51. A 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。但是很快就盼着毕业了。此处graduation毕业；independence独立；responsibility责任；success成功。但是有的人不能坚持，过不久就盼着毕业离开了。只有A符合语境。52. C 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。前面根据年龄提到小孩子、十多岁的青少年、青年人。接下来应该说成年人了。成年人抱怨要开好长时间的车去上班。此处children孩子们；students学生；adults
51、成年人；retirees退休人员。故选C。 53. B 考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。和前面的人们一样，他们一开始拿到驾驶证时多么渴望一次开上几个小时。此处carefully小心地；eagerly渴望地、急切地；nervously紧张地；bravely勇敢地。故选B。54. B 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。他们一开始拿到驾驶证时多么渴望一次开上几个小时。此处required需要；obtained获得；noticed注意；discovered发现。只有B符合语境。55. D 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。在退休前人们经常计划做很多的事。此处need需要；learn学；start开始；plan计划。对
52、未来生活的憧憬应该用plan更合适。故选D。56. A 考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。在退休前人们经常计划着做很多伟大的事。此处great 伟大的；strange奇怪的；difficult困难的；correct正确的。结合前面的例子可知，自己以前没有做成的事，一开始总是觉得很伟大，很了不起。故选A。57. A 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。这些事在工作期间都没有时间去做。此处time时间；money钱；skills技能；knowledge知识。等到退休了再去做，应该是以前忙于工作而没有时间做。故选A。58. D 考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。但是退休后不久，打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣方式
53、都变得无聊了。此处only仅仅；well好；even甚至；soon不久。这里表达兴趣一旦变成每天必须做的事时，老人也一样难以坚持。故选D。59. C 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。这些想做的事像他们离开的工作一样变得索然无味了。此处lost失去；chose选择；left离开；quit停止。leave work 离开岗位。故选C。 60. B 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。就像那个一月的孩子一样，他们又去寻找新的玩具了。此处pets宠物；toys玩具；friends朋友；colleagues同事。和一开始的例子一样。说明老人和小孩子一样没有长性。把老人比作孩子，那孩子玩的东西就是玩具了。故选B。4.
54、 夹叙夹议【命题趋势】夹叙夹议文体顾名思义，就是一方面叙述某一事情，一方面又对此事加以分析与评论。这种表达方式中的叙与议是一个有机的整体，“叙”是“议”的基础，即议论不能脱离记叙，必须在记叙的基础上展开；“议”是“叙”的渗透，即议论在记叙的基础上发展，且有一定深度与广度，二者水乳交融、互为一体。这种文体的语言既有记叙文的特点：借助叙述、描写、抒情等手段记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、物的情态及其发展过程，用以表现作者思想，抒发作者情感；时态以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；广泛使用动态动词；适当运用直接引语。同时又具有议论文的语言个性：语言自然、客观、准确、逻辑性强，且具有概括性。在遣词造句方面多用
55、虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。【应试对策】在解答夹叙夹议文体的完型填空题时，首先，要读懂第一节，尤其是文章的第一句话，这样就可以迅速找到全文的主旨大意。其次，要跟着作者的思路读全文，思维要有灵活性，要随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。答题时必须要遵循“整体部分整体”的步骤，具体可分为以下三步：a. 通览全文，了解大意。b. 综合考虑，逐项填空。c. 复读检验，以防疏漏。如，（2016年全国2卷） Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through
56、 that little device(装置) on your desk. And theyve never actually 21 you. Everything they know about you 22 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 23 they feel they can know you 24 from the sound of your voice. Thats how powerful the 25 is. Powerful, yes, but not always 26 . For y
57、ears I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom Id never met 27 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me. I sometimes wished to 29 another agent. One morning, I had to 30 an immediate flight home for a family emergency.
58、I ran into Ranis office 31 . The woman sitting at the desk, 32 my madness sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 33 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 34 immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought. Rushing out 35 I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, whats
59、 your name?” “Im Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a 36 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 37 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 38 . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Ranis 39 her warm smile, her no
60、ds, her Im here for you 40 were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.21. A. accepted B. noticed C. heard D. met22. A. came B. moved C. ran D. developed23. A. ThusB. Yet C. Then D. Indeed24. A. ratherB. also C. just D. already25. A. TelephoneB. voice C. connection D. impression26. A. di
61、rect B. useful C. easy D. accurate27. A. in person B. by myself C. in public D. on purpose28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused29. A. promote B. train C. find D. know30. A. arrange B. postpone C. confirm D. book31. A. for the first time B. at any time C. from time to time D. in goo
62、d time32. A. expecting B. seeing C. testing D. avoiding33. A. shy B. comforting C. familiar D. forced34. A. bill B. form C. ticket D. list35. A. hopefully B. disappointedly C. gratefully D. regretfully36. A. careful B. serious C. nervous D. pleasant37. A. amused B. worried C. helpless D. speechless3
63、8. A. calm B. nice C. proud D. clever39. A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skillfulness40. A. explanation B. attitude C. concept D. behavior【解析】21. D 考查动词辨析。accept接受；notice注意；hear听说；听见；meet遇见。根据第一句可知很多人只是通过电话了解，也许从来都没有见过面，只是通过电话交流。故D正确。25. A 考查名词辨析。根据26空后的“only by phone”可知这里说的是电话的强大，故A正
64、确。26. D 考查形容词辨析。direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate准确的。本空前的but说明上下文之间是转折关系，电话虽然很强大，但有时并不准确。故D正确。27. A 考查介词短语辨析。in person亲自，by myself靠自己；in public当众；on purpose故意地。A项与空前的faceless相呼应，Rani是代理人，但是我们从来没有碰过面。故A正确。28. A 考查动词辨析。空前的cold voice可知Rani在电话里的声音很冷漠，让我很不高兴，甚至想过要另外找一个代理人。说明我对她冷漠的声音很恼怒。故A正确。29. C 考查动词
65、辨析。promote促进；train训练；find寻找，找到；know知道。正是因为Rani的声音让我很不舒服，所以我曾经想过另找代理人。故C正确。30. D 考查动词辨析。arrange安排；postpone推迟；confirm确认；book预订。因为家中的紧急事情我要立刻预订回家的航班。故D正确。31. A 考查介词短语。for the first time第一次；at any time随时；from time to time有时，不时；in good time及时地，迅速地。情况紧急，所以我第一次去了Rani办公室。故选A。32. B 考查动词辨析。expect期待，预料；see看见；t
66、est检测；avoid避免。她看见我很着急，Rani非常同情我，给了我安慰的笑容。故选B。33. B 考查形容词辨析。shy害羞的；comforting安慰的；familiar熟悉的；forced被迫的。她看到我很着急，笑着安慰我。故B正确。34. C 考查名词辨析。由30空可知我要预订回家的机票，这里指Rani很快帮我把机票打印出来。故C正确。35. C 考查副词辨析。hopefully充满希望地；disappointedly感到失望地；gratefully感激地； regretfully遗憾地。对方如此迅速地帮我把机票打印出来，而且一直面带微笑，这让我心存感激。故C项正确。36. D 考查
67、形容词辨析。careful细心的；serious严肃的，认真的；nervous紧张的；pleasant令人愉快的。现实生活中的Rani富有同情心，待人热情大方，是一个令人愉快的相处对象。故D项正确。37. D 考查形容词辨析。现实生活中的她是如此的体贴大方，而我之前却认为她很冷漠，我真是无话可说。故D项正确。38. B 考查形容词辨析。之前我认为Rani很冷漠，但却没有想到实际生活中的Rani是如此的美好善良。故B项正确。39. C 考查名词辨析。forgiveness谅解；eagerness急切；friendliness友好；skillfulness熟练。从上文内容可知Rani对我非常友好善
68、良，并没有电话中的那种冷漠的感觉。故C项正确。40. B 考查名词辨析。explanation解释；attitude态度；concept概念；behavior行为。Rani善良友好的态度并没有从电话线中传递过去。B项指Rani对我的友好态度。故B项正确。（三）命题角度【命题趋势】 结合近三年的高考真题完型填空题型，我们可以发现近期高考真题呈现以下趋势：1. 纯语法题和同义词辨析减少。第一小题的四个选项都是词性相同的词汇，而且时态、语态也相同，因此不必考虑词性、时态、语态等语法功能。虽然选项词性相同，但意义却基本上有着较大的区别。这样避免了考生把大量时间和精力花费在同义词辨析上，而花在对文章意义
69、的理解上，突出了应用能力。2. 词汇重复率减少，词眼互相呼应。3. 综合考查学生的经验、推理、推断能力。不只单纯考查语法，词汇知识，而是以考查这些知识的运用为核心，综合考查学生的生活经验，推理、推断等能力。【应试对策】1. 多掌握一些固定搭配，包括固定短语和习惯语法等。2. 词语辨析，表面上是语境中词语的语意选择，其实是考查词汇的运用能力。3. 熟练的语法知识，尽管近年来单纯考查语法知识的题很少，但熟练的语法知识不但可以有助于快速理解文章的句子结构和大意，对解题也很有帮助。4. 注意培养结合全文结构和中心思想，根据常识和上下文提供的信息进行理解、分析和推理的能力。5. 要加强对上下文逻辑关系的
70、理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等，以及对转换词语的运用能力的培养。6. 要学会根据上下文的同义词线索、环境线索、对比线索、因果线索、顺序线索等进行分析判断。结合近两年的全国高考英语完型填空真题，我们可以总结一下考查体裁和题型的情况： 2015-2016年全国高考英语完型填空题型考查情况分析表试 卷 年 份2015全国卷2015全国2卷2016全国1卷2016全国2卷2016全国3卷考查体裁记叙文说明文议论文夹叙夹议考查题型动词辨析78866名词辨析56445形容词辨析32355副词辨析33132连词辨析01201代词辨析10101动名词辨析10000介词辨析00120
