1、第一册 Unit 10 The world around usI单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1environment 2action 3adaptation 4orihin 5devotion 6commonly 7value 8harm9organization 1 Obriefly高考须掌握的短语：1in 2out 3as 4to 5as 6measures 7to 8make 9to 10at 11free 12wild 13away14to 考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇 1measure v量测量n尺寸；措施；方法eg
2、： The distance between the two cities has been measured 两城之间的距离已测出。 We must take effective measures to improve our work 我们必须采取有效措施来改进工作。相关链接：measure the length/distance/speed测量长度/距离/速度 measure sbfor a new suit给某人量尺寸做一套新西装 to ones measure按照某人尺寸 take measures to do sth采取措施干某事 案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1-1 (典型例题
3、The tree is so tall YesIt nearly 20 metres Ameasures Bis measured Cmeasure Dto be measured考题1-2 Mum made a new coat little Toms own measure Awith Bfor Cto Dbv考题11点拨：答案为A。measure表示“量起来如何”，用作不及物动词，无被动式。考题1-2点箍：答案为c。make a coaito ones own measure按照某人的尺寸做件外套。2act vt&vi扮演；担当；表演；表现eg： He acted Mao Zedong
4、very well他扮演毛泽东演得很好。 One of my friends acted as go between我的一位朋友充当中间人。 Think carefully before you act三思而后行。 相关链接：act可作名词使用，表示“举动；行为；法案”。 eg：a foolish act愚行 an act of forbidding the killing of animals禁止捕杀动物的一项法案 action n行动take action采取行动 用法拓展：act as充当角色；扮演 in the act of doing sth正当要干某事的时候考题2 We all k
5、now that speak lou-der than words. A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions考题2点拨：答案为D。movement运动；performance表演；operation手术；操作；action行动。句意为：我们都知道行动胜过语言。”3devote vt专心；献身；把用在eg： She devotes most of her free time to playing tennis 她把大部分业余时间用来打网球。 The famous expert devoted himself to the cur
6、e of cancer 那位著名专家致力于癌症的治疗。相关链接：devoted“adj热爱的；忠诚的 devotion n不可数；与for连用意为“深爱热爱”，与to连用，意为“忠实专心”。 eg：a devoted friend一位忠实的朋友 the devotion of a mother for her children母亲对子女的热爱a teachers devotion to the cause of education教师对于教育事业的执著用法拓展：devote oneself/ones life/time/money/energy to(doing)sth把献给；把用在 be d
7、evoted to(doing)sth专心致志于；忠于特别提醒：to在此搭配中是介词后接名词或动名词。考题3-1(典型例题Ahhough the working mother is very busy。she still a lot of time to her children Adevotes Bspends Coffers Dprovides考题3-2(典型例题e is a person with great determinationwho to his scientific research Adevotes Bdevoted Cis devoted Dis devoting考题31
8、点拨：答案为A。devote time to把时间用于。句意为：“尽管上班的妈妈很忙，但她还是把很多时间用在孩子身上。”考题32点拨：答案为C。he devoted to专心致力于；忠于。句意为：“他是一个意志坚强的人，他致力于他的科学研究。”4common adj共同的共用的；普通的，常见的eg： They shared a common language他们有着共同的语言。 This is a common disease这是一种很常见的疾病。用法拓展：in common共同。共用，共有 havein common有共同之处in comlnon with跟相同；与有共同点考题4点拨：答案为
9、c。havein common在方面有共同之处。5reduce vt，减少缩减；简化eg： We must reduce the weight of the parcel by taking something OUt 须拿出一些东西来减轻包裹的重量。 用法拓展：reduce to(1)使(箍物)减为eg：The great fire reduced the forest to a few trees大火将森林烧得只剩下几棵树。 (2)使陷入不良状况eg：reduce sbto tears使某人哭了起来 He was reduced to begging for food他沦落到讨饭的地步。考
10、题4 They have a lot common and get on very well. A. with B. by C. in D. for考题5 They sold out all the goods by reducing the prices 85 %. A. with B. to C. for D. in考题5点拨：答案为B。reduce the prices to 85把价格降到原来的85。特别注意：reduce一to降至；reduceby一降了。二、重点短语 6die out灭绝；逐渐消失eg：With the death of the fifth earl，this ol
11、d family had died out随着第五伯爵之死，这个老世家就灭绝了。 Many old customs are gradually dying out许多旧习俗都在逐渐消失中。用法拓展：die为非延续性动词；death名词；dead形容词 die of死于疾病、饥寒、情感等 die from死于除疾病、饥寒、情感等以外的其他原因 die down暗淡，平静下来，减弱 die off一个个死去；顺次枯死考题6 用 die of, die from, die down, die out 和 die off 填空 (1)The baby fever. (2) He a chest wou
12、nd. (3)h took a long time for the excitement to (4)This kind of animal has in the world. (5)The deer in the forest are all from lack of water.考题6点拨；(1)died of死于疾病 (2)died fruin 兄于外伤 (3)die dOWN平静下来 (4)died out 灭绝 (5)dying off一个个死去7Iead to导致某种结果；通向eg： His carelessness led to his failure他的粗心导致了他的失败。 A
13、Il roads lead to Rome谚条条大道通罗马。相关链接：lead up to为作准备eg： My kind words led up to a request for money我的好话为要钱的事打开门路。 lead to相当于rasHIt in(导致某种结果)考题7 (典型例题分)Finally we found the way the faraway vii lage. A. lead to B. leads to C. led D. leading to考题7点拨：答案为D。find the way找到路；the way后用leading to the far-away v
14、|llage作定语，表示“通向那个遥远山村的路”。8at present现在；目前eg： we dont need any help at present目前我们不需要任何帮助。相关链接：present adj作前置定语，意为“目前的，现在的”；作后置定语意为“出席的到场的”。 eg： the present leader of the company公司目前的领导 the leader present at the meeting出席会议的那位领导用法拓展：at the present time目前，现在 forthe present暂时考题8 ( 典型例题分 ) All the peopl
15、e at the party were his supporters. A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important考题8点拨：答案为A。present adj表示“出席的，到场的”，作后置定语。9set free释放eg： All the birds in the cages were set free笼中的鸟全被释放了出来。用法拓展：由free构成的常见短语： free of charge免费地 for free无偿地；免费地 be ftee from不受损害的，没有的be free of摆脱考题9 The man after he w
16、as for ten years. A. was set free; put. in prison B. set free; in prison C. was set free; in prison D. set free; put in the prison考题9点拨：答案为c。句意为：“这个人坐了十年牢，被释放了。”应用被动结构；put sbin prison是表动作，不是表状态的词组,不能与表一段时间的时间状语连用，因此应该用be i“prison。 10as a result结果eg： He ate some bad fish，as a resulc，he didnt feel wel
17、l chis morning 他吃了些坏鱼，结果今天早上不舒服。 用法拓展：as a rasHh of由于的原因 rasuIt from因引起 rashit in导致；致使特别提醒：as a rashlt后接结果as a(the)result of后接原因考题10 Rose was- wild with joy the re-sult of the examination. A. to B. at C. by D. as考题10点拨：答案为B。受思维定势的影响，该题易错选D。句意为：“一听到考试结果，罗丝欣喜若狂。”at表示“一就”。三、重点交际用语11Take turns asking an
18、d altlsweling questions 轮流提问和回答问题。用法拓展：take turns(at)domg sth一take turns to do sth轮流干某事 by turns一个接一个，按顺序 in turn依次地考题11 (典型例题)Some plants can take in carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) we breathe out and give oxygen to us. A. in case 13. in turn C. in return D. in addition考题11点拨：答案为c。句意为：“有些植物能吸收我们呼出的二氧化碳，同时又给我们
19、产生氧气作为交换。”in case以防，免得；in turn依次；in return作为交换/报答；in addition另外，附加。四、重点句型12Use the questiOils below to get started用下面的问题开始get+过去分词表示处于某种状态。 eg： He got lost in the foresI他在森林里迷路了。用法拓展：get paid得到报酬get hurt受伤get married结婚 get changed换衣服get drunk喝醉酒get lost迷路get burnt烧伤 get used to习惯于考题12 When Mary was
20、on her way home from office last night, she got by two robbers. A. robbed B. stolen C. robbing D. stealing考题12点拨：答案为A。rob sbof sth抢某人的东西；steal sthfrom sb偷某人的东西。因为主语是she，所以用get robbed而不用gel stolen。 五、词语辨析 13keepfrom doing，keepdoing keepfrom doing阻止做某事keep：一doing让一直做某事eg： YOHd better keep the childran
21、 from swimming in the river 你最好不要让孩子们到河里游泳。 Its wrong to keep the water running 让水白白流掉是不对的相关链接：stop/prevent(from)与keepfrom同义，都表示“阻止做某事”，但后者中的from不可省，省掉意思会发生变化，前者中的from可有可无。考题13 If city noises from increasing, people shout to be heard even at the din-ner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will
22、 have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to考题13点拨：答案为A。“噪音”与“阻止增长”应为被动关系，排除c、D项；“从现在起二十年后”是表将来的时间状语，所以要用将来时态。14no longerno more no longernot any longer强调状态上不再持续下去。 eg： He is no longer a political leader他不再是个政治领袖。 no morenot any more强调数量上不再发生或存在。 eg： 1 will
23、go there no more我不再去那儿了。特别提醒：no longer置于句首时，会引起主谓语的部分倒装。eg：No longer are they staying with us他们不再与我们呆在一起了。考题14 Will you give this message to Mr White, please? Sorry, I cant. He A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer here work C. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer考题14
24、点拨：答案为D。在此句中强调“他不再在这儿工作了”的一种状态。可以说：He no longer works here或He doesnt work here any longer。 语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余直接引语和间接引语基本句型的用法有：陈述句，特殊疑问句，一般疑问句和祈使句。陈述句：在引语的开头用连词thal； 特殊疑问句：间接引语中的连接词用直接引语中的特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词； 一般疑问句：如果引述的是一个一般疑问句或反意疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导而引导选择疑问句时，只能用whether。 eg： He asked“Are you a teacher or a st
25、udent?”He asked me whether 1 was a teacher or a student他问我是老师还是学生。注意：无论是特殊疑问句还是一般疑问句变为间接引语语序都要变为陈述句的语序。祈使句：引述表示命令的祈使句，常用动词order，tell，warn；引述表示请求的祈使句，常用动词ask， beg；引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句，常用动词advise。 eg： He said，“Please hand me the bookHe asked me to hand him the book他要我把书递给他。” He said“Dont be late again tomorr
26、ow”He told me not to be late agAmthe next day他让我第二天不要再迟到了。 He said，“Do have a look by yourself first”He advised me to have a look by myself first他让我先自己看看。 考题 He said that his car stolen and he have to tele phone the police. A . was; would B. has been; will C. had been; would D. had been; will考题点拨：答案
27、为c。此题考查有关直接引语与间接引语的相关知识。间接引语虽然是由and引出的两个并列的宾语从句，但时态却不能一样，因为此句改为直接引语应为：He said，“My car was(has been)stolen and 1 will have to telephonethe police”车子被盗是过去，而给警察打电话是将来(马上，立即)，所以变为间接引语应分别与所对应的时态一致。总结提示：变间接引语时，相应的词语、时态的改变要具体问题具体分析。如果是当时、当地转述，则时间状语和地点状语不变。IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里 专题探究： 专题详解： 根据典型例题统一考试大纲说明，考生须掌握典型
28、例题组以及能够适当运用基本的语法知识。值得注意的是，考试大纲中还新增了一项考试项目，即阅读填空题。根据考试大纲中所给的题型示例，这是一篇没有挖空的文章。文章后面所设的题目样式就相当于考生原来在学课文时所做的Note-making题型。面对这种新题型，我们应该注意如下几点： 1该题型设计的目的：在测试考生的阅读理解能力基础之上，侧重考生的单词拼写和猜词能力。 2该题型测试的形式：要求考生在阅读文章之后，就文章的内容填空。所填之词可能是一个单词、词组，也可能是一个句子。 3该题型解题技巧及方法： (1)在读文章之前，先看一下文章后面的题目及要求，这样在阅读文章之时就会有针对性；同样，也有利于自己对
29、文章的更好理解。(2)在看完题目之后，考生不妨采用“三读法”来对付此题。所谓“三读法”，就是“通读、细读和复读”。所谓“通读”就是快速地把文章浏览一遍。“细读”就是以适当的速度阅读文，章。“复读”就是在考生做完该题之后，还要把文章读一篇。“三读法”的具体操作：第一步首先通读文章一遍。弄清文章大意。第二步，细读文章一遍,一边读，一边做题，在读的时候要留意与题目有关的信息点；在做的时候，要及时到文章中的相关段落以及某一行找到其对应的信息点。第三步，考生在做完该题之后还要把文章读一遍，检查所填之 词是否符合文章内容其拼写是否正确。4例题分析：为了更好地把握解此题型的要领，下面我们作一个实例分析：阅读
30、下列短文。根据短文内容填空： A recent study shows that nearly 50 percent of the school kids in Beijing do not have breakfast. They tend to feel sleepy all day and have bad memories, so it is hard for them to get high marks in all kinds of tests. Some students who study deep into the night choose to miss breakfast
31、 so that they can have a few extra minutes in bed. Others are given money to buy their breakfast on the way to school be cause their parents are too busy to prepare it for them. In addi tion, a few school girls want to stay slim and often go to school without breakfast. In fact, the morning meal pla
32、ys an importan.t part. It can provide 30 percent of the whole days energy. For a creative mind and better judgment, school kids should start their days with a regular breakfast. Statistics(统计) about school kids not having breakfast ReasonResultSuggestions1They(1)late at night studying andwant to sta
33、y in bed (2)1They(4)feelsleepy aIl day1The rnorning mealis(7)， whichprovides 30of the days(8)2The parents give them money to buybreakfast2They usually ，have(5)2Itis usefulfor(9) thinking and better(10)3 Some girls want to(3)and go to school withoutbreakfast3Its hard for them to(6)in ankinds of exanl
34、s3School kids should start their day witha good breakfast 点拨：第1空的对应信息点是第二段中study deep into the night(熬夜学习)。因此，第1空的答案应为stay up。第2空的对应信息点为a few extra minutes，因此第2空的答案为a few more minutes_或a few extra minutes。第3空的对应信息点是第二段的stay slim，其答案就是sXay slim，属直答题。第4空的答案也是直答题。其答案为tend to(在第一段)。其他空答案的来源不再赘述。第5空为bad
35、memories；第6空为get high marks；第7空为necessary；第8空为energy；第9空为creative；第10空为 judgement。V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回顾1 测试考点10 (典型例题My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; , he could neither eal nor sleep. A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise1A 点拨：as a result结果；after all毕竟，别忘了: any way不
36、管怎么说；otherwise否则的话。根据句意，应选A。 回顾2测试考点 12 (典型例题分)Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change2A点拨：get changed换衣服。句意为：“Sarah。快点!恐怕晚会开始前你没有时间换衣服了。” 回顾3 测试考点12 (典型例题leaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.A. p
37、ay B. paying C. paid D. to pay3c点拨：get paid得到报酬。VI2011年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 年考情预测预测1：measure的用法 预测根据：measure可用作名词或动词。作名词时可表示“计量，测量；措施，步骤，方法”，尤其是词组take measures to dosth(采取措施干某事)是一个常考的固定词组；作动词时要注意“某物量起来是”的表达，用measure这个动词的主动形式。这是高考题对这个词的考查中容易设的考点。 命题角度预测：对measure的考查会在名词辨析或动词的语态方面来进行，一般会设置在单项选择或完形填空中。
38、预测2：辨析：die out，die down，die off，die fromdie of 预测根据：动词词组辨析是中学英语教学的重点之一，也是高考考查的重点和难点之一。与die有关的这些动词词组是高中阶段英语学习中都涉及的，也是高考的热点之一。 命题角度预测：对这几个动词词组的考查通常会在单项选择和完形填空中进行。考生务必要清楚这几个词组的意思，然后就具体的语言环境。进行适合意思的选择。预测3：devoteto结构 预测根据：devoteto表示“把专用于/奉献于”是一个重点搭配，考生容易忽视to是个介词的用法，后面须加名词或动名词，这是考题容易设的陷阱。 命题角度预测：devoteto考
39、查的角度可以放在动词devote上，出现devote与其他动词的辨析选择；也可以放在介词to上，考查介词to后接名词或动名词的情况。预测4：话题预测 本单元的谈论话题是如何保护环境和濒危动物问题，这是一个环保的话题，在阅读理解或书面表达中，涉及此类话题的可能性较大。二、考题预测备考1测试考点 1 It is time the government to stop the pollution. A. takes some measures /3. took some measures C. took measure D. takes measures1.B点拨：It is time+从句，后用虚
40、拟语气，所以排除A、D项；C项搭配不对，应是take some measures to do sth采取一些措施干某事。 备考2测试考点 3 In all her she, she devoted herself to the deaf. A. take care of B. taking care C. taking care of D. being taken care2c 点拨：devote oneself to doing献身于/专注于做某事。 备考3测试考点 7 The falling of the new building its soft base. A. resulted in
41、 B. suffered from C. led to D. lay in3D点拨：Iie in“在于”。表原因。句意为：“新楼倒塌的原因在于地基不牢,”。 备考4测试考点 8 The experts at the conference were from all over the world. A. presented B. present C. presenting D. to present4B点拨：present表示“出席的，到场的”，作后置定语。 备考5测试考点 13 Wed better take some steps to keep the boy too much.A. spo
42、iling B. spoiled C. from spoiling D. from being spoiled5D点拨：句意为：“我们最好采取一些措施防止这个孩子被宠坏。”keep sbfrom doing，spoil与the boy是被动关系，因此选p。 备考6测试考点 12 In big cities, when you crossthe streets, you should be careful in case of getting by cars. A. ran B. to run C. running D. run6D点拨：get run被车碰着/压着。 备考7测试考点 3 Chairrnan Mao his lifetime the noble cause of communism. A. devoted; in B. devoted; to C. devoted; at D. devoted; on7B点拨：devoteto为固定搭配。
