1、Unit 1 Lough out loudSection B Using Language 教学设计科目：英语 课题：Section B Using Language 课时：1课时教学目标与核心素养：知识目标：引导学生限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别，学会在写作中正确使用非限制性定语从句能力目标：学生能够熟练运用非限制性定语从句，并且完成各项练习情感目标：培养学生学习语法的兴趣教学重难点教学重点：能够熟练运用非限制性定语从句，并且区分非限制性定语从句与定语从句教学难点：培养学生学习语法的兴趣课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔教学过程：一、Pre-class1. Greeting2. Leadi
2、ng-in教师活动：教师引导学生总结非限制性定语从句作定语的用法，注意帮助学生区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的相同点与不同点。学生活动：a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.b laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.c I spent much of the
3、time when I was there feeling frightened.1 What do where, which and when refer to in each sentence?2 Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information? If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense?3 Which clauses are separated by a comma,
4、 the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information?活动1参考答案：1 In sentence (a)where refers to the waiting area; in sentence (b) which refers to .laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better; in sentence (c) when refers to the time. 2 Sentence (c) contains a clause with e
5、ssential information, sentences (a) and (b) contain clauses with extra information. If we take away the clause of sentence (c), the meaning of it is incomplete. If we take away the clauses of sentences (a) and (b), the two sentences still make sense.3 Sentences (a) and (b) with extra information are
6、 separated by commas.二、 While-class 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，顾名思义，就是对先行词没有特别限制的定语从句。除了that和why不能引导之外（在非限制性定语从句中，that用who或which代替，why用for which 代替），所有其他关系词如 who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where等均可引导。1. 非限制性定语从句的基本特征非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。翻译时常常不译作定语
7、，而是译成与主句并列的句子，或者状语从句。Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，是关于第二次世界大战的。My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometres from here.我的父母住我的家乡，离这里大约30公里。Milla, who is a distant relative of mine, studies in the Yale now.米拉是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在在耶鲁学习。The
8、 house, where a murder case happened last year, has got a lovely garden.那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园，去年那栋房子里发生过一起谋杀案。2.非限制性定语从句的使用情况（1） 先行词指代明确时，如专有名词和独一无二的事物。Karl Marx, who was born in Germany, was a great philosopher.卡尔马克思出生于德国，是一位伟大的哲学家。（2） 当出现some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/half+of+which/whom等结构时。There are
9、 many badges on the table, most of which are new.桌子上有很多徽章，大部分都是新的。（3） 先行词指的是某人只有一个的亲属（son, daughter, father, mother, wife等）时。比较：I have an elder brother, who works in Beijing.我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一个哥哥）I have an elder brother who works in Beijing. 我有一个在北京工作的哥哥。（可能有几个哥哥，其中一个在北京工作）（4） 关系词指代整个主句的内容时。In the p
10、resence of so many people he was a little tense, which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点儿紧张，这是可以理解的。3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别区别从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与整个句子得关系密切，若去掉会影响句子意义的完整松散；只是补充说明，去掉后不影响句子意义的表达逗号的运用不用逗号一般用逗号that 和why 可用that或者why不可用that或者whywhich和who 在从句种作宾语时可否省略可省略不可省略whom在从句种作宾语时可否用that或who代替可代替不可代替可否修饰整个句子不
11、可可修饰整个句子，用逗号隔开，由which或者as引导翻译时的区别常译作定语常译作并列句，或状语从句4.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词（1）which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。I bought a novel yesterday, which was written by Han Han. 我昨天买了一本小说，是韩寒写的。（2）who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。My father, who has curly hair, is an excellent cook.我的父亲有一头卷发，他是个很棒的厨师。（3）whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。This is Peter, whom
12、 you havent met before.这是彼得，你以前没见过他。（4）whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.这个男孩学习很努力，他的爸爸是一位工程师。The play, whose style is rigidly formal, is typical of the period.这个剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。（5） as既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was
13、often the case.他忘了带笔，这是常有的事。（as在从句中作主语）As we all know, water is essential for life.我们都知道，水是生命所必需的。（as在从句中作宾语）5 引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词（1）where在定语从句中作地点状语。They went to London, where they stayed for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿待了六个月。（2）when在定语从句中作时间状语。He will put off the picnic until May 1st,when he will be free. 他将
14、把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。6 as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别（1） as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词是整个主句。从句可位于主句前或主句后，也可位于主句中间。as引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度或评论，as仍具有“正如，像”等意思。 As is mentioned above, the number of students in high schools is increasing. 正如上面所提到的，高中学生的数量在增加。 Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。
15、He is absorbed in his work, as he often was.他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。（2） which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容。which引导的定语从句通常位于主句的后面。which引导的定语从句对主句叙述的内容进行补充说明，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well.她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。He tore up my photo, which upset me.他把我的照片
16、撕了，这使我很恼火。学生活动：学生完成活动2。学生通过改写句子，掌握非限制性定语从句的用法。活动2的答案：1 Go for a walk in the countryside, where you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere. 2 Spend time with your family and friends, which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.3 Try to accept your mistakes, w
17、here/through which you can learn a lot. 4 Close your eyes and picture the future, where youve made your dreams come true.学生活动：学生完成活动3。教师请学生在具体语境中掌握非限制性定语从句的用法，特别是关系词的选择，同时引导学生了解英国人的冷幽默，体会英式幽默的笑点。第一步：学生独立阅读活动语段，理解语段大意。第二步：学生利用提示，完成语段填空。第三步：请个别学生朗读完整的语段，全班核对答案。参考答案：1,who is lying next to him 2,which h
18、e finds annoying 3 , which he thinks will impress Holmes 4,who has lost his patience by now,三、 After-class完成练习：1. There is an advertisement in the newspaper _ says a circus will come to our town to entertain the residents.2. An amusement park is a place _ people pay to ride on various entertaining devices for amusement.3. There is an amusement park in the west of the city, _ two circus clowns will give a performance.四、Summary 老师根据课堂内容，总结课上所学语法。
