1、Welcome :1.Buses have routes. They pick up and drop off people at different places on the route. drop off: （一个个）散去；走掉；让某人下车；下车We dropped our luggage off at the hotel and went sightseeingThe demand for mobile phones shows no signs of dropping off.drop in 顺便走访(某人); 顺便进去 drop on sb. 顺便走访(某人); 顺便进去drop
2、in on a friend 偶然走访朋友drop sb. a line 写短信寄给某人drop behind 落后drop out 中途放弃The maglev train is powered by magnets.power: verb, 给提供动力，用动力发动Buses and trucks are usually powered by diesel engines.In the future electricity will be used to power road vehicles. 2.Look at these pictures and discuss the differe
3、nt means of transport and when they became popular.means: n. 方法，手段，工具The quickest means of travel is by plane.She could find no means of escape other than jumping out of the window.引申： by means of 依靠，凭借by no means 决不，by this means 通过这种方法Though_ rich, he was better off than at any other period in his
4、 life.A. by any means B. by some means C. by all means D. by no meansReading1.It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world. Distinction n. (U,C) 分类区别，不同之处，差别，荣誉The distinction of birth Academic distinction The distinction between man and woman distinct
5、adj. 清楚的，明显的，截然不同的你能区别这两个观点吗？Can you make / draw a distinction between these two points of view ?complex adj. 复杂的, 合成的, 综合的A computer is certainly a complex machine. 电脑当然是一种结构复杂的机器。2. However , most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway tracks into
6、 the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. 分析此句结构：Distant adj. 远的，关系远的（亲戚），疏远的，间隔的The foreigner came from a distant country. distant relations 远亲 distance n . 距离，远离，一段长距离In the distance 在远处 (强调距离之远) at a distance （稍）远处 表示一段距离，其不定冠词a有时可省略或改用somekeep some distance 保持一定距离What is the
7、 distance between / from Philadelphia and Chicago?1） The town is some distance away.2） I saw some smoke in the distance.(远处)3）I cant make out the words at a distance.（在远处）track n. 轨迹, 车辙,足迹, 路, 途径historic adj.历史上著名的，有历史性的（指历史上有重要意义的，而且也用于形容那些因与历史事件或人物有联系而有名或有趣的事物）historical adj. 历史（上）的，有关历史的 （指不管重要与
8、否而过去存在的所有事物，也指与历史或对过去的研究有关的事物）完成短语：a historic event (历史性事件) a historic site （史迹）a historical novel （历史小说） a historical play（历史剧）3. Thus , many buses were needed to transport people to the city center.Transport vt. 传送，运输 transport sb./ sth.The yellow bus transports passengers from the airport to the
9、city.Transport n. 传送器，运输，运输机Transportation 运输，运送（旅客），运输费Have you got transportation (交通工具)to the party ?We looked forward to the day when the motorcar has been replaced by some less dangerous _ of transport.A. means B. methods C. manners D. ways4. Unfortunately , the increased number of vehicles on
10、the road choked off traffic, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere.Choke v. 窒息, 哽住, 使呼吸困难, 阻塞The smoke almost choked me.The madman choked his own child to death choke back 忍住，抵制：choked back his tears. 忍住他的眼泪choke off 抑制，劝阻choke up 哽咽，噎住，阻塞;因感情激动而说不出话来choke with anger 气得说不出话来
11、During the rush hours the roads are usually _ up with traffic.A. chocked B. crowded C. blocked D. checked 5.Sixteen years later , in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan DistrictRailway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city.link n. C连接，联系，连接物
12、is there a link between lung disease and smoking ?vt., vi.（常与together, to, with连用）连接The two towns are linked by a railway.这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。This includes the Victoria Line that linked with other lines were added.link up (with) vi.& vt. 联接;联系； 结合The two families linked up through the marriage of a daugh
13、ter and son.那两家因他们子女结为婚姻而联结起来。用法拓展: be connected with 与相接，和有联系 1)这两个岛屿将用一座桥连接起来。The two islands will be linked up by a bridge.2) 如果你将这几条信息联系起来，你将会更清楚真正发生了什么。 If you link up the pieces of information, you will be clearer about what has really happened.In the middle of 辨析：middle, center都表示“中间，中部”，但是mi
14、ddle指距离两端或两边相等距离的中央或中间部分，也可指一段时间或行动始末的中间一段center指空间的方，圆等位于中心的位置。He was driving along the middle of the road. Beijing is the political, economic and cultural centre of China. 我半夜醒了。I woke in the middle of the night.她喜欢成为人们注意的中心。She likes to be the centre of attention.6 These new ways of digging accel
15、erated the pace of the London Undergrounds development.accelerate vt., vi. 加速; 促进；催促accelerate the pace of : quicken ones pace ; increase the speed of.加快的步伐The conference accelerated the pace of educational reforms.这次会议加快了教育改革的步伐。7. after his acquisition of the lines , each one was given a name and
16、most the name are still used today.acquisition n. 获得 得到的东西；得到的人This motor-scooter is my latest acquisition.这辆摩托车是我最新购置的。acquire vt. 获得；取得She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study.她认真学习而精通英语。8. The Underground Group, the Metropolitan Line and all the different bus and train lines were
17、placed under the authority of the Board.place vt. 放，安置，安排 (放到某一特定的位置或地方)1) She placed a tape recorder in front of her on the table.2) His uncooperative attitude placed us in an embarrassing situation.authority n. C 官方，当局; C权威人士 ,专家; U 权力,职权，权威1) authority “官方，当局”解时，常用复数2) authority 可接to do sth. , 也可
18、接for + v-ing ，表示“具备做某事决定的权力”You dont have any authority for entering this house. Its private.你们没有任何权力进入这所房子,这是私宅。 他有权处理这件事。He has the authority to the matter. He is an authority on English. 他是英语界的权威。短语识记： Place under the authority of 将归管理9.An architect called Charles Holden was responsible for desig
19、ning many of these stations and they are still in use today.be responsible for: be in charge of 1) The driver is responsible for the passengers safety.2) Philip is the project manager. He is responsible for anything concerning the project(他负责有关这个项目的一切).I am not responsible _ you _ actions .A. to ; f
20、or B. for ; to C. to ; to D. for ; for (be) in use 正在用; 通用; 使用中be out of use 不通用; 不时行; 作废come into use 开始被使用youll find the map of great _ in helping you to get round London.A. price B. cost C. use D. usefulness10. During World War , when London was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bom
21、b shelters.function as: serve as；work as 作为（以某一能力工作）：用于；当作：function as ambassador. 行使大使的职责This big room functions as a meeting room during the war.这个大房间在战争期间用作会议室。11. Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground. permit v. -tt- permit （st
22、h）: The regulations do not permit much flexibility（弹性, 适应性）.permit doing sth. The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.permit sb. to do sth. The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.（与of连用）允许有The situation does not permit of any delay. 情况不允许有任何耽搁。
23、permit n. 许可证；执照get a permit 得到许可证 give a permit 发给许可证permission n. without permission 未经许可你有在这个湖里钓鱼的许可证吗？Have you got a permit to fish in this lake ?Weather _, well start tomorrow .A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. to permit The police permitted _ here , thats to say , the policeman permitte
24、d _ there .A. his parking ; him to park B. him parking; his parking C. he parks ; him to park D. him to park ; him to park 12. While I went sightseeing in London , I visited the London Underground .sightseeing n. 观光 Go sightseeing 去观光 a sightseeing tour 观光旅行sight n. 视力 she lost her sight in an accid
25、ent . 视野 I watched him until he was out of sight. 情景，景象The garden is a most beautiful sight.at the sight of 因看到而用sight构成的词组造句：I caught sight of (看见)his tall figure in the crowd.The driver lost sight of (不再看见)the car he was following .The little bird was soon out of sight (不见了).13. Another problem wa
26、s that there were a dozen different lines, which were not linked.dozen n. 一打，十二个， 十几个，许多 与具体数词或a, many, several等连用I want three dozen eggs. 与of加these (those)等指示代词或物主代词后跟名词连用I want three dozen of these eggs (your eggs).dozens of表示不限定量，不与具体数词连用，意为“几十个；许多”，其前一般不用表示数量的词修饰。I have been there dozens of time
27、.- How many _ these eggs would you like , Madam ?- Three dozen , please.A. dozen B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozens ofMr. Smith _ me to buy several _ eggs for the dinner party.A. asked ;dozen B. suggested ; dozens of C. had ; dozen D. persuaded ; dozen14. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the un
28、derground three times.discount n. C折扣They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies.They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.at a discount: 打折They sell the sweater _ a discount of 30 percent.A. on B. for C. at D. with我以6折买了那台电视机。I bought the TV at a 40% discount.Gram
29、mar:1. Cars are one of the leading causes of air pollution.leading adj. 领导的, 第一位的, 最主要的the leading cause of inflation. 通货膨胀的主要原因the leading candidate. 领先的候选人a leading role; a leading lady. 主角；扮主角的女士- have found out the _ of the fire ?- yes, it was a cigarette end that _ the fire .A. cause ;started B
30、. reason ; caused C. causing ; caused D. reason ; cause2. They have done so in the hope that people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.hope v. hope for sth. / hope to do sth. 希望得到某物Hope for the best and prepare the worst. 存最好的希望，作最坏的打。- will it rain tomorrow
31、 ?- I hope so / not. 希望如此/ 不 There be no / little / much hope of ( sb./ ones ) doing sth.某人做某事没有/几乎没有/很大希望他几乎没有逃跑的希望了。There is little hope of his/ him escaping. in the hope that 希望He came to see me in the hope that I would help him. in the hope (of) 怀着希望we returned to the park in the hope of finding
32、 her wallet.She lived _ seeing one of her sons _.A. in the hope of ; succeed B. in hope of ; success C. in hopes of ; succeeding D. in the hopes of ; successtake notice of : bring sb. to ones notice 注意；理会take no /little / much notice of Dont take any notice of what he says .He came to me without not
33、ice. 他没有事先通知我就来找我了。3. The aim of this is to reduce air pollution.Aim vt., vi. （常与at连用）瞄准；对准He aimed with the gun. 他用枪瞄准。She aimed a pistol at the bandit point-blank. 她用手枪直接瞄准强盗。He aimed the gun at the enemy officer. 他用枪瞄准了敌军官。 以为目标I aim to be a lawyer. 我要当个律师。He aimed to swim a mile. 他的目标是游一英里。The factory must aim at developing new models of machines.该工厂必须致力于研制新型机械。aim n. 瞄准；对准The hunter took aim at wolf. 猎手瞄准狼。目标；目的What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么?The aim is not just to keep busy.其目的不仅是为了使每个人不致闲着。The visit was aimed at expanding relations between the two countries.这次访问目的是发展两国关系。
