1、小升初语法 - 名词（基础篇）考点一: 名词的分类名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人、地方、机构等的专有名称，如: John，Shanghai。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名称, 如: worker，water。考点二：名词的数名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词又可以分为单数和复数两种形式。1.名词复数的变化规则:情况构成例词一般情况加-sgirl - girls book - books以-s, -sh, -x, -ch结尾的单纯词加-esbox - boxes watch - watches以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词变y为i，再加-esfamily -
2、 families baby - babies以-f或-fe结尾的单词多数变f或fe为v，再加-eslife - lives knife - knives以-o结尾的单词有生命的加-es无生命的加-sradio - radios zoo - zoos photo - photos tomato - tomatoes potato - potatoes2.复合名词变复数一般只变后面的主体名词。如: apple trees (特殊: men teachers, women doctors)3.常见不规则名词的复数: man - men, woman - women, policeman - pol
3、icemen, policewoman - policewomen, mouse - mice, child - children, foot - feet, tooth - teeth, fish - fish, people - people, sheep - sheep, Chinese - Chinese, Japanese - Japanese4.不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词一般为不可数名词。常见的不可数名词有: meat, fish, beef, drink, coffee, milk, paper, earth, light, sand,
4、 sunshine, work, money, weather, information. . .考点三：名词所有格1.在英语中有些名词可以通过加“s”来表示所属关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。如: Wheres Lin Taos bike? 林涛的自行车在哪儿?2.如果原词已经有复数词尾s，则仅仅加一个所有格符号“ ”。如: the teachers office老师的办公室3.如果是复数，但不带词尾s，则仍然加“s”。如: those mens hats 那些男士的帽子4.如果表示各自的所属关系时，名词末尾均需加“s”。如: Jims and Kates glasses 吉姆
5、和凯特各自的眼镜5.如果表示共同的所属关系时，仅在最后一词的末尾加“s”。如: Jim and Kates kite 吉姆和凯特的风筝（两人共同拥有的）6.如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。如: Shall we go to Meimeis for supper? 我们一起到梅梅家去吃晚饭, 好吗?7.表示无生命的名词，常用“of +名词”表示所有关系。如: This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的全家福。【经典例题】例1写出下列单数名词的复数形式。pen -（）foot -（）tomato - ()leaf - （
6、）答案 pens feet tomatoes leaves leaves名师点拨pen是一个规则名词，它的复数形式是直接在词尾加 - s；foot为不规则变化的名词，它的复数形式是将 oo 改为 ee；tomato变复数时，应在词尾加 - es；leaf以结尾，其复数形式应变f为v，再加 - es。例2 Id like _ coffee, please.A. cupB. cupsC. a cup of答案 C名师点拨 coffee为不可数名词在表示量的时候要借助量词（名词短语）来修饰，因此应用“a cup of”。例3 There are a lot of children in the pa
7、rk on _ Day.A. ChildrenB. ChildrensC. children答案B名师点拨 children 是 child 的复数形式，因为 children 不以s结尾，它的所有格形式为 childrens，又 因“儿童节”是专有名词，所以它的首字母应大写。例4 - Is it the twins bedroom? - Yes, it is. Its _ .A. Lucy and LilysB. Lucy and LilyC. Lucys and Lilys答案A名师点拨本题考查两者共同拥有一物时的所有格形式，表示两人共同拥有某物时，在后一个人名后加s。练习一、写出下列名词
8、的复数形式。1. orange _2. baby _3. monkey _4. piano _5. child _6. shelf _7. bed _8. country _9. family _10. toy _11. tooth _12. radio _13. photo _14. tomato _15. woman _16. knife _17. sheep _18. ship _19. dish _20. mouse _二、把下面方框中的词按要求归类。pencil box bag child drink chair bread rice apple moneywater banana
9、milk dog juice zoo coffee shoe egg girl可数名词: _ 不可数名词: _三、用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. There are three _ (chair) in the classroom.2. My father likes to eat _ (potato).3. Chinese _ (people) like to eat noodles.4. I have two _ (pencil-box).5. There are some _ (bus) in the street.6. In autumn, you can see a lot of _
10、 (leaf) on the ground.7. There are some _ (glass) on the table.8. I have two _ (sister).*9. _ (teacher) Day is on September 10 th.10. The _ (child) are playing football now.四、单项选择。()1. I can see three _ in the zoo.A. monkeyesB. monkeysC. monkeies()2. The pig has four _.A. footB. feetC. foots()3. My
11、two brothers are _ .A. policemanB. policemansC. policemen()4. I can see ten _ in the picture.A. sheepB. dogC. pig()5. The _ has three _A. boys ; watchesB. boy ; watchsC. boy ; watches()6. Can you see _ on the plate?A. breadB. breadsC. breades()7. The girl often brushes her _ before she goes to bed.A
12、. toothB. toothesC. teeth()8. Mr. Black drinks some _ every morning.A. milkB. milksC. milkes()9. There are some _ on the floor.A. childB. manC. books()10. - Canyouspeak _ ? - Yes, I can.A. ChinaB. ChineseC. America()11. I want to drink two _ .A. cups of waterB. cup of waterC. cups of waters()12. The
13、 cat ate two _ last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouse()13. I need a pen and some _.A. pencilsB. deskC. chair()14. They come from different _.A. countrysB. countriesC. country()15. How many _ can you see in the picture?A. tomatosB. tomatoesC. tomato()16. There is no _ in the bowl.A. applesB. orangesC. r
14、ice()17. I like to eat cake with _ .A. cherriesB. cherryC. cherrys()18. My _ room is next to the reading room.A. teacherB. teachersC. teachers()19. The man writes lots of books. He is a _.A. secretaryB. coachC. writer()20. - What would you like to drink? - Id like _.A. some hamburgersB. some fishC.
15、some water()21. I have a few _ on the desk.A. a storybookB. storybookC. storybooks()22. The woman in a black dress is _ mother.A. Lucy and LilysB. Lucys and LilyC. Lucys and Lily()23. - Would you like beef and _ noodles? - No. But I like noodles with beef and _.A. carrot ; tomatoB. carrot ; tomatoes
16、C. carrots ; tomatoes()24. - Can I help you, madam? - I want _.A. two boxes of appleB. two glass of waterC. two bowls of porridge答案一、 1. oranges 2. babies 3. monkeys 4. pianos 5. children 6. shelves 7. beds 8. countries 9. families 10. toys 11. teeth 12. radios 13. photos 14. tomatoes 15. women 16.
17、knives 17. sheep 18. ships 19. dishes 20. mice 二、 可数名词：pencil box bag child chair apple banana dog zoo shoe egg girl不可数名词： drink bread rice money water milk juice coffee三、 1. chairs 2. potatoes 3. people 4. pencil-boxes 5. buses 6. leaves 7. glasses 8. sisters 9. Teachers 10. children四、 B B C A C A C A C B A B A B B C A B C C A B C
