1、小升初语法第13讲：介词（二）知识点讲解与考题精练（有答案）前面我们主要讲了时间介词，本节课我们蛀牙讲解地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。下面一起来看看吧。【知识点1】地点、方位介词at, in, on, above, below的用法1. at 表示在某个具体地点，即“小地方”（比城市小），如：at homeat schoolat the bus stationat the cornerat the top ofat the school gateat the crossroadsat the foot ofat the airport2. in “在之中”，表示在某范围之内，或某个地
2、方（城市，国家等大地方），如：There are many books in my schoolbag.My grandparents are in Beijing now.3. 固定搭配：in the carin the middle ofin the libraryin the hospitalin Shanghaiin Chinain the world in the eastin the sky注意：在某个地理范围内的“东、南、西、北”方，也用in, 如：Shanghai is in the east of China.4. on“在之上”，表示某物体上面并与之接触，如：My book
3、 is on the table.5. 固定搭配：on the deskon the wallon the playgroundon the roadon the right/lefton a bus/trainon the shelfon ones way toon both sides of the river注意：地理上与某个地方接壤的“东、南、西、北”方，用on, 如：Shanghai is on the south of Jiangsu.补充：地理上与某个地方不接壤的“东、南、西、北”方，用to, 如：Japan is to the east of China.6. above 意为
4、“高出”，“超过”，指在上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用over），与below相对，如：The plane is flying above the clouds.7. below 意为“在之下，低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用under），如：The fish were swimming below the surface of the water.图示总结overabovebelowunder8. 易混淆的地点介词 on, over, above 两者都表示“在.上面”，介词on的两者有接触; over表示“在.正上方”，两者不接触，强调垂直上方; above 指“在之上”指相对高度，不一定
5、是正上方，其反义词是below。The apple is on the table. 苹果在桌子上。The lamp hung over the table. 。The plane flew above the clouds. 1. below, under（1）below表示“在下方或位置低于”，不一定有“垂直在下”之意 The temperature will fall below zero tomorrow. （2）under表示“在正下方” There are many bikes under the trees. in, at, on 前面我们学了in, on, at作为时间介词时，
6、根据后街时间长短排序为inonat, 同样，in和at作为地点介词时，从后接范围大小看仍然符合inat。in +大地点， at +小地点They will arrive in Pairs in a few hours. 几小时后他们到达巴黎。They will arrive at the train station soon. 他们很快将到达火车站。 特殊的地点介词用法：on the farm在农场, in the hotel在旅店 between, among between和 among都表示“在.之间”，between表示“在两者之间”，among表示“在三者或三者以上之间”。I hav
7、e to finish my homework between 7 and 9. 我们必须在7点到9点之间完成家庭作业。 She is the tallest among her classmates. 她在同学中是最高的。throughacross across, through(1) across表示“横过；穿过；从一边到另一边” (表面) He walked across the road carefully. (2) through表示“从一头到另一头；穿过；从头到尾”（空间内） He walked through the forest alone. in front of, in t
8、he front of 这两个介词短语都可以表示“在.前面”。in front of表示在某个范围以外，“在某人或某物的前面”，存在于某人或某物之外。in the front of表示在某个范围以内，“在.的前部”，包含于某物之内。我们可以记作：没the在外面，有the在里面。Lisa is standing in front of the car. 丽萨站在汽车前面。（在车外）Lisa is sitting in the front of the car. 丽萨坐在汽车前面。（在车里） in, on, to 在表示某个位置的方向时，我们常用到in, on, to 这三个介词。这三个方位介词的
9、区别如下：(1) in在范围内Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在中国的北部。（范围内）(2) on是相邻且接壤Canada is on the north of American. 加拿大在美国的北边。（相邻且接壤）(3) to是相邻不接壤Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。（相邻不接壤） in, onin the tree: 在树上（外来的，如鸟等）on the tree:在树上（本来就有的，树上结的果子、树叶等）【知识点2】其他常用介词1. 表示方式、手段的介词常见的表示手段的介词有by（通过）、in（用）
10、、through（通过，凭借）、with（用）等。You can book the tickets by phone. 你可以通过电话订票。Her parents always talk to her in English. 她父母总是用英语跟她说话。She shouted his name in a loud voice. 她大声呼喊他的名字。I heard about it through a friend. 我通过一位朋友听到这个消息。I saw it with my own eyes. 我是亲眼所见。2. 表示原因的介词常用的表示原因的介词有for（由于）、from（由于）、with（
11、由于）等。这三个介词在表示原因时用法有一些区别。(1) for表示原因通常与sorry, famous, thank等词连用Im sorry for what I did. 我为我做的事情感到抱歉。(2) from表示自然和直接的理由、原因或动机She felt sick from tiredness. 她因劳累感到不舒服。(3) with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因He jumped with joy on hearing the good news. 听到那个消息他高兴地跳了起来。3. 表示“除.外”的介词表示“除.外”的介词除了except, 还有but, except for,
12、besides等。这四个词/词组在用法上有一些差别。(1) except仅表示“除了.”，强调“排除在外”Everyone watched the movie except me. 除了我之外，每个人都看了那部电影。(2) but多用在序数词及某些不定代词如nothing, all, anything等之后Theres nothing but yourself in the mirror. 除了镜子里的你自己，别无他物。(3) besides表示“除了.还有”，强调“另外还有”Besides some books, he also bought some pencils. 除了一些书之外，他还
13、买了一些铅笔。(4) except for表示“除了.”，用来引出一个相反的原因或者事例Your composition is well written except for a few misspellings. 除了一些拼写错误之外，你的作文写得还不错。介词专项训练一、单项选择。( )1.Hes very proud his father.A.of B.with C.for( )2.I always go for a walk with my grandfather dinner.A.after B.by C.before( )3.Ill be waiting your letter.A.
14、for B.of C.at( )4.He was born September14th,1986.A.at B.on C.in( )5.-How did you go to school?- bus.A.Buy B.By C.On( )6.Lets have a party you.A.for B.to C.at( )7.Is it Wednesday Thursday?A.or B.and C.with( )8.How do you get the USA China?A.to;from B./form C.in;to( )9.My birthday party will be 7 oclo
15、ck Sunday evening.A.at;on B.in;on C.at;in( )10.They play basketball fun Saturday.A.on;for B.for;on C.for;in( )11.In China,drivers drive the side of the road.A.on;left B.on;right C.in;right( )12.There is going to be a football match Class 1 Class2.A.and;and B.in;and C.between;and( )13.The students ar
16、e learning the maple tree the Internet now.A.with;in B.about;on C.to;at( )14.I often clean my room Saturday.A.in B.at C.on D./( )15.I usually come to school .A.by a bus B.on foot C.on feet D.on bus( )16.For many western people,they drink cold water even winter.A.on B.for C.at D.in( )17.Taiwan is the
17、 southeast of China.A.on B.in C.at D.by( )18.Kate wants cabbage breakfast.A.to eat;for B.eat;for C.to eat;o D.eat;on( )19.Can you tell me something your school life?A.on B.about C.in D.with( )20.Look!Lucy is a new red dress.She is beautiful today.A.with B.put on C.in D.wear( )21.A:What do you have d
18、inner?B:I have rice and fish.A.for;some B.for;a few C.with;some D.for;many( )22.A red apple is the short tree,a small bird is the tall tree.A.on;on B.in;in C.on;in D.in;on( )23.-Is there a classroom building the school?-Yes,and there are some tall trees the classroom building.A.in front of;in front of B.in the front of;in front ofC.in the front of;in the front of D.in front of;in the front of参考答案1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C 21.A 22.C 23.B
