1、小升初语法讲义-动词第一讲时态串烧一、课程介绍知识点1.一般现在时的用法2.现在进行时的用法3.一般将来时的用法4.一般过去时的用法教学重点1.四种时态的结构2.四种时态的标志词3.四种时态的用法教学难点一般过去时的用法二、要点回顾用单词的适当形式填空1. He _ TV at the moment. (watch) 2. My mother often _ in bed. ( read) 3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only _ it for 24 hours. (keep) 4. I_ (buy) a new
2、 dictionary this weekend. 5. They_(take)photosneartheriveranhourago.三、知识精要时态结构一般现在时am/is/are / do现在进行时am/is/are + doing一般将来时will + do/ am/is/are going to do一般过去时was/were/did四、要点讲练【要点1】一般现在时1.构成动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加-s或-es）。另外be和have有特殊的人称变化形式。详见下表：动词be动词haveI am a
3、student You are a student He (She) is a student. We (You, They) are students.I have a pen. You have a pen. He (She) has a pen. We (You, They) have pens. 小贴士1.一般现在时的三单用法：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下：1）一般在动词后直接加s。如：talk talks, live lives, stay-stays。2）以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如：
4、watch watches, wash washes, go goes。3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如： carry carries, fly flies。4）特殊的，如：have的第三人称单数为has。2.用法a表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/ year等。例如: I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上学。b表示一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中。例如: T
5、he earth moves/ goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。【例题】 The students of Class One _ an English class every day. A. hasB. have C. hadD. having【即学即用】My friend, Lucy from Canada.A. be B. come C. comes D. are【要点2】现在进行时1.构成现在进行时由助动词be的人称形式加动词的现在分词构成。它的肯定式，否定式及疑问式的结构如下：肯定式否定式疑问式I am working now.You are working
6、now.He (She) is working now.We (You, They) are working now.I am not working now.You are not working now.He (She) is not working now.We (You, They) are not working now.Am I working now?Are you working now?Is he (she) working now?Are we (you, they) working now?2.用法a表示说话时正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：now, at the mo
7、ment等，look, listen也是现在进行时的标志词。例如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？b一些表示位置移动的词，如：go, come, leave, arrive, move, die等，常用现在进行时态来表示将来时。例如: He is coming soon. 他不久就要来了。My family is moving to Beijing next month. 我们家下个月要搬到北京。【例题】Where is your father, Mike? He _ in the kitchen. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking
8、 D. has cooked【即学即用】 Look! Janes grandmother _ with some aged people in the park.A. dances B. danced C. is dancing D. was dancing【要点3】一般将来时1.构成：动词一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。shall用于第一人称作主语，will用于第二、三人称作主语。除英国外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称，一般也用will。在口语中，常用shall。will的缩写形式ll，shall not的缩写形式为：shant, will not的缩写形式
9、为：wont。详见下表：肯定式否定式疑问式I (We) shall / will go there.I (We ) shall / will not go there.Shall I (we) go there?You (He, She, They) will go there.You (He, She, They) will not go there.Will you (he, she, they) go there?2.用法awill do结构：表示将要发生的动作或状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next time,
10、 next year, in a few day, in the future ,soon, from now on, in+一段时间，等。例如: Ill go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。bbe going to do结构：表示说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事，be going to 结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。例如: Look at these black clouds. I think its going to rain. 看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。c. there be 句型的一般将来时：表示将来某地会有某人或某物，构成为：the
11、re will be或there is /are going to be,用is或are要看后面的名词。否定句在will后加not，疑问句把will提到there前。例如: There will be a football match in our school tomorrow. 明天在我们学校将有一场足球比赛。小贴士there will be 句型只表示物体所处的地点，存在的人或物并不属于某个地方，所以句中不能出现表示拥有关系的have或has；句中的be只能使用原形，不能变化成它的具体形式。【例题】Look at the black clouds. It _ tomorrow.A. ra
12、ins B. will be going to rain C. is going to rain D. be going to rain【即学即用】There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. is going to be B. will be going to C. will going to be D. will go to be【要点4】一般过去时1.构成：一般过去时其谓语动词使用动词过去式形式。肯定式否定式疑问式一般动词I (You, He, She, We, They) worked there. I (You, He, She, We, They
13、) did not work there. Did you (I, he, she, we, they) work there? be动词I (He, She, It) was there. We ( You, They) were there I (He, She, It) was not there. We (You, They) were not there. Was I (he, she, it) there? Were you (we, they) there? have动词I (You, He, She, We, They) had books. I (You, He, She,
14、We, They) had not/ didnt have any books Had I (you, he, she, we, they) any books? 或Did I (you, he )have any books? 2.用法表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day（前几天）, just now, once upon a time, in+过去时间, in the old days, at that time/mo
15、ment, a few days/ months/ weeks/ years ago等。例如：He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。【例题】I have been to Shanghai. I _ there last month. A. go B. went C. goes D. go to 【即学即用】 Tom visit his uncle yesterdayafternoon? No, he . A. Did; did B. Did; didnt C. Does; doesnt D. Do; dont课后作业习文练笔题目要求
16、写一封信给你的笔友，介绍你家人的情况。词汇热身又高又瘦_看书_上班_步行_连句成篇_第二讲时态辨析一、课程介绍知识点1. 一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析2.一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析3.一般将来时be going to与will的辨析教学重点1. 一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析2.一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析3.一般将来时be going to与will的辨析教学难点1.一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析2.一般将来时be going to与will的辨析二、要点回顾（一）填空1. are_ (过去式）2. sit_(现在分词)3. see_（过去式）4. study_（现在分词）5. have_ (
17、三单形式）（二）用单词的适当形式填空1. Look! Your brother _in the basketball match. (play)2. I called you, but nobody answered. Where _ you.( be) 3. He _to Changsha next week. (go) 4. I_ my homework. I cant join you.(finish)5. He went into his room,_the light and began to work.(turn on)三、知识精要时态用法一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的
18、状态；一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中。现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态。一般过去时表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。四、要点讲练【要点1】一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析一般现在时一般过去时We often swim in the river in summer.(经常)I study English here.（现在）We often swam in the river when we were children.（过去）I studied English here.（过去）表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或说话时的短暂动作；状态动词表现在的状态
19、。表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作；状态动词表过去的状态。注意：本句中学生易受often的影响，用成一般现在时。同时注意表示过去常常做某事也可用used to do的结构进行表示。小贴士1. 一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式： am/is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-s
20、aid,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote, draw-drew,drink-drank, fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,等。【例题】The twins_ in Dalian last year They_ here now A are; were B were; are C was; are Dwere; was【即学即用】I was out of town
21、 at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _. (happen)【要点2】一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析一般现在时现在进行时My watch works well.(经常)They live in Shanghai.(经常)The bus stops.(迅速)My watch is working well.（暂时）They are living in Shanghai.（暂时）The bus is stopping.(慢慢)表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或说话时短暂动作；状态动词表现在的状态。侧重说明事实。表示现在暂时性的动作或此刻进行中的持续性动
22、作，侧重在动作持续的暂时的持续性。可有感情色彩。【例题】-Where is Michael?-He_(watch)TV at home, I think.【即学即用】Although Bill isnt rich, he often_(give) money to the poor【要点3】一般将来时be going to与will的辨析形式-Why are you taking down all the pictures?-I am going to repaint the room.-This box is terribly heavy.-Ill help you to carry it.
23、相同点形式上加动词原形；内容上都能表示意图不同点be going to表示事先经过考虑的意图或者已有迹象表明将要发生或出现的情况;will表示临时的意图be going to可以用于条件状语从句will不能用于条件状语，从句中表示将来表示即将发生某事时，口语中多用be going to表示即将发生某事时，书面语中多用will【例题】She has bought some cloth; she _(make) herself a dress.【即学即用】-Where is the telephone book?-I_(get) it for you.课后作业习文练笔亲爱的同学们，你们的小学生活即
24、将结束。在6年的小学阶段，你一定有不少的变化吧。请你根据自己，告诉我们你的变化吧！不少于60个词。_第三讲情态动词一、课程介绍知识点1.情态动词的定义2.情态动词的用法3.不同情态动词的区别教学重点1.情态动词的用法2.不同情态动词的区别教学难点不同情态动词的区别二、要点回顾根据中文意思，完成句子1. 她能游得很快，但我不能。 She_ _ fast, but I cant.2. 他十岁时就会写诗。 He_ _poems when he was 10.3. 明天可能会下雨。It _ rain tomorrow.4. 你必须完成作业。 You _ finish your homework.5.
25、我需要马上做这件事情。 I_ _ _ it right now.三、知识精要情态动词词义否定形式词义can能够，会cant不能，不会could能够，会couldnt不能，不会may可能，可以maynt可能不，不可以must必须mustnt不允许，禁止should应该shouldnt不应该need需要neednt不必will将会，愿wont不会，不愿四、要点讲练【要点1】情态动词的定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词We can be there on time tomorrow.（能力）You must obey the school rules. (命令)【
26、要点2】情态动词的用法1.特点：情态动词无人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去、现在或未来。2.位置：在陈述句中，情态动词放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前；疑问句中，则放在主语之前。He could be here soon.Im sorry, I cant help you.I can see you. Come here.He must have been away.【要点3】不同情态动词的区别1. can1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Can
27、you lift this heavy box?（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate?（技能）2) 表示请求和允许。-Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 3)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.How can this be true?小贴士could是can的过去式，could也能用在现在时使语气更加的委婉。can和could只能用于现在时和过去式两种时态
28、，将来时态用be able to来表示。【例题】-Can you ride a horse? -No, I _. A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt【即学即用】翻译句子。我现在可以回家吗？_2. may1）表示请求和允许。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。You may take the book home.-MayIsmokeinthisroom?-No,youmustnt.-MayItakethisbookoutoftheroom?-Yes,youcan.(No,youcant/mustnt)2）表示推测、可能性（不用于疑
29、问句）。Hemaybeverybusynow.Yourmothermaynotknowthetruth.3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!May you happy!小贴士1.用MayI.? 征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用CanI.? 在口语中更常见。2. might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。【例题】-May I ride the horse? -No, you _. A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt【即学即用】翻译句子。我可以用你的车吗？
30、_3.must1)表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事I must finish my work today.You must return the money today.He must be the man I am looking for.2)must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句），意思为“一定是,必然”。YoureTomsgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.小贴士must的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。在回答由must引起的疑问句时，如
31、果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt,donthaveto（不必要）。【例题】We _throw the waste in the zoo. A. neednt B. dont C. cant D. mustnt【即学即用】翻译句子。我妈妈生病了，我必须在家照顾她。_4.should表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、征求、劝告、建议等You should hand in the exercise book.This should be no problem.Why should I meet him?【例题】He _ more flowers, and he should
32、nt cut any flowers. A. shouldnt plant B. should plants C. shouldnt planting D. should plant【即学即用】翻译句子。你应该早早地起床。_5. need作为情态动词，用法与其他情态动词一样，但nee还可用作实意动词，与其他动词一样，有第三人称、单复数，后面需加动词不定式。I need a bike to go to school.She needs a book.She needs to finish her homework.【例题】I am so tired that I_ go home and hav
33、e a rest now. A. neednt B. need to C. can D. will【即学即用】翻译句子。我需要你的帮助。_6. will1)做助动词，表示一般将来时，将要。Hewillbehomeatsix.Bobwillleaveschoolnextmonth.2)作为情态动词时表示“愿意”“意愿”“会”。Iwillhelpyou.Iwillneverdothatagain.Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?【例题】I _ do it again, thats the last time. A. neednt B. wont C. cant
34、D. mustnt【即学即用】翻译句子。我会帮助你的。_第四讲融会贯通一、知识精要时态结构用法一般现在时am/is/are / do表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态；一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中。现在进行时am/is/are + doing表示说话时正在进行的动作。一般将来时will + do/ am/is/are going to do表示将要发生的动作或状态。一般过去时was/were/did表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。情态动词词义否定形式词义can能够，会cant不能，不会could能够，会couldnt不能，不会may可能，可以maynt可能不，不可以must
35、必须mustnt不允许，禁止should应该shouldnt不应该need需要neednt不必will将会，愿wont不会，不愿二、习题大熔炉（一）写出下列单词的三单形式、过去式和现在分词形式1. take_ _ _2. do _ _ _3. eat _ _ _4. live_ _ _5. help_ _ _6. have_ _ _7. feel_ _ _8. go _ _ _（二）用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I often _ (do) my homework in the evening. But yesterday evening I _(watch) TV. 2. -Did Mik
36、e_(go) swimming? - No, he _(do). 3. I _(cook) noodles yesterday. 4.I_(wake) up at 7 oclock this morning. 5. Im going to _(have) an art class next weekend.6. Bob often _(help) his mother with the housework on Sundays.7. What did the teacher say just now?He said that the earth _ (go) round the sun. 8.
37、 Lets _ by bus.(go)9. Must I_ home now? No, you can stay here.(go)10. Could you _ me a hand.(give)（三）单项选择( ) 1. How many students_ in your class? A. are there B. is there C. there are( ) 2. Where _ you _ on your holiday? A. did ; go B did; do C. did; went ( ) 3. She _ last weekend.A. drank tea B. bu
38、y gifts C. is going to visit her grandparents ( ) 4. He usually_ on the weekends. A. reads books B. slept C. see a film ( ) 5. I _ it was too cold, and I _ go camping. A. think; cant B. thought; couldnt C. think couldnt ( ) 6. You _ go and see a doctor because you had a fever(发烧). A. could B. might
39、C. should ( ) 7. When _ you _ the bike?Last month. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. do; buy ( ) 8. His uncle _ in three days.A. will return B. returnsC. returned( )9. Could you see _at night? A.star B. stars C. stares ( )10.ChenLing_somepicturesofBigBenlastyear.A.took B.rode C.hurt( )11.Look!Lucy_unde
40、rthetree.A.readsB.isreading C.read( )12.Can you speakEnglish?-No,I_.A.mustntB.cantC.couldnt( )13.Jim_cometonight,butheisntverysureyet.A.shouldB.mightC.would( )14.Thechildren _ playfootballontheroad.A.couldB.mustC.mustnt( )15.You_watchTVafterfinishingyourhomework.A.wouldB.canC.should( )16.The famous
41、writer _ one new book now .A. is writing B. writes C. wrote ( )17. My friend, Lucy_from Canada.A. are B. come C. comes ( )18. -ls she_something? Is it fish?-Yes. Would you like_?A. eat, eats B. eating; to eat C. to eat; eating ( )19.Hurry up! Its time to leave. OK. _A. Im coming. B. Ill come. C. Ive
42、 come. ( )20. Must I go home now? No, you _stay here.A.canB.mustC.should（四）连词成句1. know you do how that (?) _ 2. was there library no my in school old (.) _ 3. couldnt my bike ride I(.) _ 4. am I class in active very now(?) _5. no gym there was my school in ago years twenty(.) _ （五）句型转换。1.Hehasapiece
43、ofbreadforbreakfasteveryday.（就划线部分提问）_forbreakfasteveryday?2. Jackiehaslunchatschoo1(改为一般疑问句)_Jackie_lunchatschool?3. Johnusuallybrusheshisteethbeforehegoestobed.(用what对划线部分提问)What_Johnusually_beforehegoestobed.4. Theygotobedearly.(改为一般疑问句)_they_tobedearly?5. Mrs.Smithisbusynow.Sheisdoingherhousewor
44、kathome.(把句子改写成一句)Mrs.Smithis_herhouseworkathome.6.Iamverybusynow.(改为同义句) Iamverybusy_ _.7.Ipickedorangesonthefarmlastweek.（对划线部分提问） _ _you_orangeslastweek?8. WeatelotsofdeliciousfoodlastSpringFestival.（改为一般疑问句） _you_lotsofdeliciousfoodlastSpringFestival?9. Lilylikesspringbest.（对划线部分提问） _season_Lily
45、likebest?10. You can take this book.（改为否定句）_（六）习文练笔题目要求上周末，外面正在下雨，你和你的家人不得不呆在家里。你们都做了什么？请用一般过去时记录下你和家人的周末。首句已给出。思路点拨1时态：一般过去时；人称：第一人称和第三人称。2可使用一些固定的句型结构，注意人称以及动词的过去式。词汇热身待在家里_打扫房间_看报纸_一起_连句成篇It was rainy last weekend. My family and I _第一讲要点回顾：1. is watching2. reads3. keep4. bought5. took要点1 B C要点2 C
46、 C要点3 C A要点4 B B习文练笔【参考范文】Dear Amy, My name is Sarah. Im 13. Im tall and thin. I like swimming. My father is 40.Hes tall and strong, He likes reading books. He is an engineer. He works in a car company. He goes to work by car. My mother is 39. Shes short and thin. She likes cooking. She is a sales p
47、erson. She works in a bookstore. She goes to work on foot. Yours, Sarah第二讲要点回顾：（一）1. were2. sitting3. saw4. studying5. has（二）1. is playing2. were3. will go/ is going to go4. dont/didnt finish5.turned on要点1 B happened要点2 is watchinggives要点3 is going to makewill get习文练笔【参考范文】 My changesI was 1.2 meter
48、s tall before.But now I am 0.4 meters taller than before. I am 1.6 meters tall now. I was 38 kilograms before. I am 45 kilograms now. I am heavier than before. My hobby was watching TV before/in the past. But now I like playing badminton. Everyday I play badminton after school. I think sports can ma
49、ke me stronger.第三讲要点回顾1. can swim2. could write3. may4. must5. need to do/do要点1 C Can I go home now?要点2 DMay I use your car?要点3 D My mother is ill. I must stay at home and look after her.要点4 D You should get up early.要点5 B I need your help要点6 B I will help you.第四讲（一）1. takes took taking2. does done
50、doing3. eats ate eating4. lives lived living5. helps helped helping6. has had having7. feels felt feeling8. goes went going（二）1. do watched2. go didnt3. cooked4. woke5. have6. helps7. goes8. go9. go10. give（三）1-5 AAAAB 6-10 CBABA 11-15BBBCB 16-20ACBAA（四）1. How do you know that?2. There was no old li
51、brary in my school.3. I couldnt ride my bike.4. Am I very active in class now?5. There was no gym in my school twenty years ago.（五）1. What does hehave2. Does; have3. does; do4. Do; go5. busy doing6. at this moment7. Where; did; pick8. Did; eat9. Which; does10. You cant take this book.（六）【参考范文】It was
52、 rainy last weekend.My family and I stayed at home all day. In the morning my mother cleaned the room. And my father read the newspaper. My mother cooked the food at noon and I helped her wash the vegetables. After lunch, I did my homework. In the evening, we watched TV together. We had a happy weekend.
