1、Module 4 Unit 1Advertising（2）动词的语态(2)主动表被动的句型1半连系动词主动表被动：look,sound,smell,taste,prove,feel等；2当open,close,shut,lock,move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。它们常与cant,wont等连用；3在一般现在时的句子中，为表达生动、简洁，read,write,wash,sell,clean,cook,burn,draw,cut,wear等词常与well,easily,quickly 等副词连用，常用主动表被动，表示事物的属性特征；4表示开始和结束的动词
2、begin,start,finish,end可用主动表被动，不强调动作的执行者。1不能变为被动语态的动宾词组catch a cold 感冒eat ones words 食言lose heart 丧失信心lose patience 失去耐心make a face 做鬼脸make up ones mind 决心make bed 铺床make room for 为腾出地方keep watch 守望keep silence 保持安静speak ones mind 表明见解take place 发生take ones time 从容不迫take office 就职take ones leave 请假ta
3、ke notes 做笔记take up arms 拿起武器take ones place 就位2含有would rather或情态动词dare的句子，不能改为被动语态。I would rather do it now.我宁可现在就干这件事。He dare not do it.他不敢干那件事。3被动语态与系表结构的区别所谓系表结构，在此指“连系动词用作表语的动词ed形式”结构。它与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以在应用时应注意它们的区别。(1)被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by人或by抽象名词表动作的执行者，而后者则一般不用。The
4、 gate to the garden was locked by the girl.花园的门被那个女孩锁上了。(被动结构)The gate to the garden was locked.花园的门锁了。(系表结构)The tree was blown down by the high winds.那棵树被大风吹倒了。(被动结构)The tree was blown down when we saw it.我们看到那棵树时，它已经被吹倒了。(系表结构)注意：少数“连系动词be 用作表语的动词ed形式”也带by短语。The old man was surrounded by small chi
5、ldren.老人被孩子们团团围住。(被动语态)Guilin is surrounded by hills and mountains.桂林周围都是山。(系表结构)We were held up by fog.我们因雾受阻。(被动语态)The tree is known by its fruit.看到果子就知道是什么树。(系表结构)(2)系表结构一般只用于一般现在时、一般过去时等少数几种时态；而被动语态可用多种时态。The composition is well written.这篇作文写得很好。(系表结构)The composition is being written.这篇作文正在写。(被动
6、语态)(3)系表结构中的过去分词可被very,too,so修饰，被动语态中的过去分词须用much修饰。The boy was too frightened to move.这孩子吓得动也不敢动。(系表结构)He was very excited.他很激动。(系表结构)He was much excited by the news.他听到消息后很激动。(被动结构)(4)be 不及物动词的过去分词通常是系表结构。Her money is all gone.她的钱都花光了。The moon is risen.月亮升起来了。(5)表示“充满”意思的“be 过去分词 with”结构多为系表结构。The
7、mountain is covered with snow all the year round.这座山终年被积雪覆盖。The classroom was crowded with pupils.教室里挤满了学生。The lake is dotted with fishing boats.湖里渔帆点点。The floor was piled with old books.地板上堆满了旧书。(6)remain,feel,lie,stand 以及 become,grow 等词 过去分词结构多为系表结构。The matter remained unsettled.这件事悬而未决。She felt d
8、isappointed.她感到失望。The road became crowded.道路拥挤了。(7)句中有时间状语和地点状语时，一般为被动语态，反之为系表结构。The bank is closed.银行现在关门了。(系表结构)The bank is usually closed at six.银行通常6点关门。(被动语态)1.The World Health Organization warned that Asian countries _ attentive to bird flu since Asia _ got rid of the disease completely.A.shou
9、ld keep;has B.must remain;has notC.ought to stay;has been D.shall be;has not beenB该题考查情态动词的用法和语态。第一空使用should keep 或 must remain 都能讲得通；但第二空必须使用现在完成时的否定式，且为主动语态。2.We cant go on with the experiment because the computer_.A.hasnt been repairedB.hasnt repairedC.is not repairedD.hadnt been repairedAA项用了现在完
10、成时的被动语态，意思是计算机“还未被修好”。B选项中repair为及物动词，缺宾语，填上后句子不通；C选项为一般现在时的被动语态，它只表示并不是“修过的”；D选项时态不对。3.Mrs.Green wants to buy that kind of cloth because she _ that the cloth_ very well.A.has been told;washesB.is told;is washedC.has been told;is washedD.is told；is washedA根据语境，第一个空白处应该使用现在完成时的被动语态，第二个空白处应该选用washes，因为wash这个动词也可作不及物动词使用，它的词意是“耐洗”。英语中This cloth washes well.表达的是：这布很耐洗。
