1、限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业13 阅读理解专练初中阅读理解主要题型：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题。其中细节理解题所占分值较大。一、 细节理解题 细节理解题包括：细节题、 是非题、 排序题、图表题、计算题。 解题方法：1)读题干，选定关键词2)通过跳读的方式锁定相关句子3)结合信息对比4个选项进行信息加工转换（同义反义转换、图文转换、数字转换等）4)排除干扰项，筛选答案 正确答案的特点：1)同义替换：答案一般将原文中的关键词进行了同义替换2)语言讲话：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，设置为答案3)正话反说：把原文的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项 干扰选项
2、的特点：1)张冠李戴：是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容2)无中生有：符合常识，但不是文章的内容3)曲解文意：与原文内容及其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动4)颠倒是非：意思上与原文很大不同或完全相反5)正误参半：部分正确，部分错误二、 推理判断题 做此类题时，尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，运用逻辑思维，借助一定的常识，做出正确的推理和判断。做推理判断题要注意两点：一是推理，二是判断，两者密不可分。推断题结论要靠推断得出，而不是照搬原文。但是，推理时务必忠实于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的线索和依据，切忌随意揣测，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。解决此类题要注意：一是与原文相同的细节
3、不能选；二是不能跳出文章做推断。 正确选项的特点：1)正确选项一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；2)正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对，而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；3)正确选项有时候与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。 干扰选项的特点：1)只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；2)看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；3)根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点；4)虽然以文章提供的事实
4、或内在逻辑为依据，但推理过头、概括过度；5)部分选项的内容纯属编造。三、主旨大意题 解题技巧：1)抓住主题句：a.首尾段：开门见山/总结概括；b.各段首句（段落主题句）2)看但是，抓结果：转折词(but, yet, however)之后的句子、因果词(so, because.)之后的句子。3)特别注意中文提示词和重复次数最多的名词四、词义猜测题1)代入，在语境中理解猜测 2)构词法一、（2022秋江苏南通七年级启东市长江中学校考期末）Do you love fast food? Why? How often do you eat it? 200 people joined our survey
5、（调查）. And here is the result. 16% of the people eat fast food _.Atwice a weekBthree times a weekCmore than three times a weekDevery day244 people love fast food because its _.AcheapBdeliciousChealthyDconvenient3_ of the people like fast food because they can take it away.A12%B14%C22%D24%4What can we
6、 learn from the result?AAll people love fast food.BFast food makes people fat.CPeople eat fast food on weekends.DSome people dont know what food is healthier.【答案】1D 2B 3A 4D【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍一项关于快餐的调查。1细节理解题。根据第一幅图“Every day 6”可知，6的人每天吃快餐，故选D。2细节理解题。根据第二幅图“It tastes good.”可知，44个人认为快餐很美味，故选B。3细节理解题。根据第二
7、幅图“24 I can take it away.”可知，24个人认为快餐可以带走，总调查人数是200人，所以比例是12%，故选A。4细节理解题。根据第二幅图“I dont know what food is healthier.”可知，有些人不知道什么食物更健康，故选D。二、（2022上江苏苏州七年级统考期末）Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland. Its an important industrial, political and business centre, with a population of about 450,000 peopl
8、e, and its also a busy tourist city. Its on the east coast of Scotland. There are many landmark buildings in the city such as Edinburgh Castle and the Scottish Parliament, as well as many interesting museums and art galleries(美术馆). People sometimes call it “The Athens of the North”.Edinburgh is also
9、 an important centre for culture. The Edinburgh Festival takes place every July and attracts people from all over the world. Edinburgh is also famous as the home of well-known writers such as J. K. Rowling, who wrote Harry Potter, and Sir Walter Scott, who wrote many novels about Scottish life. Ther
10、e is a statue of him in the centre of the city, the Scott Monument. The Old Town is a very good area for shopping. The streets are very narrow, and its always crowded with tourists and shoppers, especially at weekends. Theres also a street market on Saturday mornings where you can find all kinds of
11、arts and crafts.Edinburgh is a great place to visit, or to live. But if you come to visit, bring some warm clothes because it can get cold, especially in the evening!1Edinburgh is an important center of .culture politics history industry businessABCD2According to the 2 paragraph, what can we do in E
12、dinburgh?AVisit the home of Harry Potter.BBuy some art works in a street market.CTake part in Edinburgh Festival in June.DTake photos with the status of J. K. Rowling.3What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the 2 paragraph?AEdinburgh. BThe streets. CThe Old Town. DThe street market.4What is
13、NOT introduced in the passage?AWays to get to Edinburgh. BThe location of Edinburgh.CWhat to wear in Edinburgh. DThe famous buildings in Edinburgh.5What kind of article is this?AA diaryBA poster.CA city map.DA tour guide.【答案】1B 2B 3B 4A 5D【导语】本文主要介绍了爱丁堡是苏格兰的重要的工业、政治、商业和文化中心。1细节理解题。根据“Edinburgh is th
14、e capital city of Scotland. Its an important industrial, political and business centre, with a population of about 450,000 people, and its also a busy tourist city.”及“Edinburgh is also an important centre for culture.”可知，爱丁堡是苏格兰的文化、政治、工业和商业中心。故选B。2细节理解题。根据“Theres also a street market on Saturday mor
15、nings where you can find all kinds of arts and crafts.”可知，在爱丁堡可以在街市上买些艺术品。故选B。3词句猜测题。根据“The streets are very narrow, and its always crowded with tourists and shoppers, especially at weekends.”可知，划线单词it指代的是上文提到的街道。故选B。4细节理解题。根据“Its on the east coast of Scotland. There are many landmark buildings in t
16、he city such as Edinburgh Castle and the Scottish Parliament, as well as many interesting museums and art galleries(美术馆).”及“But if you come to visit, bring some warm clothes because it can get cold, especially in the evening!”可知，文中没有提及“去爱丁堡的路”。故选A。5推理判断题。根据“Its on the east coast of Scotland. There a
17、re many landmark buildings in the city such as Edinburgh Castle and the Scottish Parliament, as well as many interesting museums and art galleries(美术馆).”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了爱丁堡这个城市，故推出这是一篇旅行指南。故选D。 一、（2022秋江苏扬州扬州中学教育集团七年级校考期末）A lot of people play sports, but very few people become sports professionals (专
18、家). If sports arent going to be your future, then why should you play them? Why should you train every day? Why should you work hard and feel sore the next day? Wouldnt it be better to forget sports and only pay attention to your lessons? In fact, there are a lot of reasons to play sports. First of
19、all, sports are a great way to exercise. Exercising keeps you healthy and strong. It also helps you stay in a good condition. When you exercise, your body makes endorphins which give you more energy and make you feel happier. Also, sports teach young people how to communicate and work as a team. The
20、y teach young people to respect (尊重) their coaches, teammates and players from the other team. Many reports say that sports help young people stay out of trouble. If a young person plays sports, he or she may have fewer problems. This is because sports teach people about rules. They also teach peopl
21、e that if they work hard, they might succeed.Another good way of sports is that they make people leave their houses. These days, a lot of people spend too much time watching television and playing video games. When you play sports, you go outside and exercise in the sun. You take in fresh air. All o
22、f these things are important.Maybe youre not going to become a sports professional, but that doesnt matter, sports will help you become a better and happier person.1According to the text, which of the following is true about sports?AWhen endorphins are made in our body,we will get angry easily.BIf y
23、oung people do more sports, they will have more problems.CWhen doing sports, we should respect everyone in the game.DMore indoor exercise can bring people happiness and health.2What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AReports.BSports.CProblems.DRules.3What is the best title for
24、the text?ASports Are Just For Professionals.BSports Teach People To Work Hard.CSports Are Good For People.DSports Make People Go Outside.4Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? (P = Paragraph)ABCD【答案】1C 2B 3C 4A【导语】本文主要介绍了运动给人们带来的好处。运动会帮助人们成为一个更好、更快乐的人。1推理判断题。根据“They teach y
25、oung people to respect (尊重) their coaches, teammates and players from the other team.”可知，在做运动时，我们应该尊重比赛中的每一个人。故选C。2词句猜测题。根据“Also, sports teach young people how to communicate and work as a team”可知，此处表示运动教会年轻人很多东西，故选B。3标题归纳题。根据“Maybe youre not going to become a sports professional, but that doesnt ma
26、tter, sports will help you become a better and happier person.”可知，本文主要介绍了运动对人们的好处，故选C。4篇章结构题。第一段介绍有很多做运动的原因，第二段、第三段和第四段分别介绍运动的好处；第五段综述运动的好处，因此文章结构是总分总，故选A。二、（2022秋江苏南通七年级启东市长江中学校考期末）The four travellers see a beautiful green light in the sky in front of them.“Thats the Emerald（翡翠）City,” Dorothy says.
27、 “Come on! It isnt far now.” Soon they come to a big green wall. Theres a gate in it. Its shining in the afternoon sun. Dorothy looks at it carefully. Its made of emeralds! She knocks on the door. The gate opens and they all go inside. A little man in green clothes is standing there with a big box.“
28、What do you want in the Emerald City?” he says.“We want to see the Great Oz,” Dorothy answers.“Its important,” the Scarecrow says.“I am the Keeper of the Gate,” the little man in green says. “I can take you to his Palace. But before you go there, you must put on these glasses.”He takes five pairs of
29、 glasses out of the box. The glass in the glasses is emerald green.“Why?” Dorothy asks. “Everyone in the Emerald City wears them,” the Keeper of the Gate says.They put on the glasses. Toto has a pair, too. Then the Keeper takes out a big gold key and opens another gate. Dorothy is surprised. Everyth
30、ing is green-the houses and the streets. The sky is also green. Children are buying green juice with green money. Men in green clothes are driving green cars along the green streets. Everybody is smiling.The Keeper of the Gate takes them to a big building in the middle of the city. Oz cannot see the
31、m today, so they must stay in the Palace for a few days.A young girl takes them to their rooms. These rooms are beautiful and comfortable. They feel very tired now.Taken from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz绿野仙踪1Why do Dorothy and her friends go to the Emerald City?ABecause they want to see Oz.BBecause th
32、ey want to buy juice.CBecause they want to drive a car.DBecause they want to wear glasses.2Which of the following is the correct order（顺序）?a. Everyone puts on glasses.b. A young girl takes them to their rooms.c. The keeper takes them to a big building.d. They see a beautiful green light.e. Dorothy k
33、nocks on the door.Ad-e-a-c-bBe-d-c-b-aCb-e-d-c-aDa-c-d-b-e3From this part of the story, we see that_.Aeverything is green in the Emerald cityBthe four travellers want to meet the Great OzCthe Keeper of the Gate has a magic powerDOz let them wait for him in their rooms4What do you think will probably
34、 happen（发生）to Dorothy and her friends that day?AThey will see Oz.BThey will go to sleep.CThey will go back to their homes.DThey will leave the Emerald City.【答案】1A 2A 3A 4A【分析】本文是摘自小说绿野仙踪的一个片段，讲述的是四个旅行者去翡翠城的经历。1细节理解题。根据“We want to see the Great Oz”可知，因为他们想见Oz，故选A。2细节理解题。根据“The four travellers see a b
35、eautiful green light in the sky in front of them”“She knocks on the door”“They put on the glasses”“The Keeper of the Gate takes them to a big building in the middle of the city”“A young girl takes them to their rooms”可知，正确的排序是：他们看见了一道绿色美丽的光Dorothy敲门每个人都戴上了眼镜看门员把他们带到一座大楼一个年轻的女孩把他们带到他们的房间，故选A。3细节理解题。根
36、据“Everything is greenthe houses and the streets. The sky is also green. Children are buying green juice with green money”可知，在翡翠城里一切都是绿色的，故选A。4推理判断题。根据“Oz cannot see them today, so they must stay in the Palace for a few days”可知，接下来他们将会见到Oz，故选A。1.掌握阅读理解四大题型的解题技巧，关键是在练习中运用技巧，转化成自己的解题方法和习惯2.细节理解题占分大，相对简单，争取避免失分
