1、课时分层作业(十二)Section 、(建议用时：30分钟)语言知识练习固基础单句语法填空1Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students refreshed(refresh) and relaxed for a while2I cant put up with such hot weather any longer3The presentation(present) of prizes began after the speeches4We havent decided whether to go(go) cam
2、ping next week5As the boss cant come to the reception，Im representing the company on his behalf6Nowadays，EQ and PQ as well as IQ are attached importance to in childrens growth(grow)7I appreciate your help very much，which has made a difference(different) to me8The police discovered quantities(quantit
3、y) of arms hidden in the cave9It was(be) only after he had read the papers that MrGross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete10It was my mother that/who gave me a hug，and I could see satisfaction in her eyes句型转换1Get up early tomorrowIf you dont get up early，you will miss t
4、he first busGet up early tomorrowIf not，you will miss the first bus2If it is necessary，Ill go with youIf necessary，Ill go with you3You can stay here on condition that you keep quietYou can stay here so/as long as you keep quiet4A baby shouldnt be left alone in the house in any circumstancesIn no cir
5、cumstances should a baby be left alone in the house5How can she stand that kind of treatment?How can she put up with that kind of treatment?高考题型练习提能力阅读理解ABesides containing attractive flowers，trees and other plants that beautify the community，ecofriendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment
6、and the people living and working nearbyA rain garden is not very different from a traditional gardenIt is just a far more ecofriendly gardenUsually it is built lower than the groundRain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily(暂时地) holding water from rain and storms and letting
7、 it soak(浸入) slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supplyThus，a rain garden keeps the water，allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden，rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unusedThe water will soak slowly in
8、to the ground within a day or twoThis creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes(蚊子) to breedThis is a simple，attractive，and ecofriendly “green” way to treat storm waterWhats more，planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environmentWithout using expensiv
9、e machinery and chemicals，rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate，soil，and water conditionsThey may attract lo
10、cal wildlife such as native birdsWater your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week，unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the weekOnce the native plants establish the necessary root system，it will require little careOften，local governments and private businesses develop
11、large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problemsHowever，you dont need to be a professional environmental engineer to create a rain gardenAs long as youre ecoconscious homeowners，you can help the environment by building smaller rain
12、 gardens in your yards【语篇解读】除了有吸引人的花卉、树木和其他美化社区的植物外，环保的集雨园对环境和附近生活和工作的人都是有益的。1The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to Awater in native plantsBnearby stream waterCrain and storm waterDpublic drinking waterC代词指代题。根据第二段中的“by temporarily(暂时地)holding water from rain and storms and letting it so
13、ak(浸入) slowly into the ground”可推断it在文中指代rain and storm water，故C项正确。2Which of the following is the ecofriendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?AThey can keep the rain and storm waterBThey can help reduce the pollution problemCThey can be healthy for the people aroundDThey can make t
14、he environment more beautifulB细节理解题。第四段主要讲述了集雨园减少污染的好处，故B项正确。3One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that Athey cost less and are much easier to getBthey may attract local wildlife to comeCthey require little care from the local gardenersDthey are more used to the local growing
15、 conditionsD细节理解题。根据第五段中的“because they are more used to the local climate，soil，and water conditions”可知，推荐选用本地植物的最大原因是它们能更好的适应本地的生长环境。4Which of the following statements is TRUE about rain gardens?AThey need little water after all the plants are plantedBThey usually need at least an inch of rainwater
16、a weekCThey may attract local birds and change the local climateDThey may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%B推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week，unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week”可推知，集雨园平均每周大约需要一英寸的降雨量。BAs evolution tends
17、to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energyconsuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生态)Scientists have tested the ecolog
18、ical and social hypotheses before The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indi
19、cate an ecological origin Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled
20、 their bearers to deal with the hard problemsTo find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出现的情况) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans But it was ecologica
21、l challenges that expanded brains In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size But you need both factors to get the brain size we see todayif there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but l
22、ikely poorly suited to social life Bigger isnt necessarily betterBut many animals face hard ecological problems Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow So our results and those o
23、f others suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a humansized brainWill the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识的
24、积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社会交往活动。5In most peoples view, what makes human evolve large brains?ASocial challengesBSocial and ecological challengesCEcological challengesDCompetition with other large animalsA细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are t
25、he driving force”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社会交往活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。6Whats the problem of the common approach?AIts model is not reliable enoughBIt doesnt tell the cause and effect clearlyCIts hypothesis cannot be proved effectivelyDIt doesnt find brain size is connected with problemsB细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It canno
26、t tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。7Why dont many animals have large brains?AThey dont learn from each otherBThey dont face hard e
27、cological problemsCThey dont need to cooperate with each otherDThey dont keep learning tough skills as they growD推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow”可知，只有当个体
28、在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会导致人类特定大小的大脑。据此可以判断，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。8Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?AAnimals dont have large brainsBSocial challenges decrease brain sizeCEcological challenges increase brain sizeDIts unclear whether human brains will expand furtherB细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size”可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。
