1、Section Learning about LanguageSara acknowledged her mistake and made an apologyimmediately.萨拉马上承认了她的错误并道歉。1apology n道歉；谢罪典例Please accept our apologies for any inconvenience wehave caused.若有不便，敬请原谅。拓展 make an apology to sb.for sth./doing sth.因某事向某人道歉offer an apology 主动道歉；表示歉意make ones apology 道歉运用 完
2、成句子Youd better,in my opinion,_(向她道歉)as soon as possible.make an apology to herThey both made mistake.One _(主动道歉)soon while the other _(道歉)a week later.made his apologyoffered an apologyXie Lei found she could adjust to the routine of life inEngland because her host family were so helpful.谢蕾发现她能适应英国的
3、日常生活，因为她的寄宿家庭对她帮助很大。2routine解析(1)n.常规；日常事务Johns departure upset their daily routine.约翰的离去打乱了他们的日常生活。(2)adj.通常的；例行的A major electrical fault was found during a routine safetyinspection.在一次例行的安全检查中人们发现了一个严重的电路问题。拓展 a break in the routine 打破常规routine work 日常工作运用 完成句子He just follows the _(老规矩)without any
4、creativity.We hope he can make _(打破常规)a break in the routineold routineDay in and day out I follow almost the same routine.日复一日地，我遵循几乎同样的常规。3day in and day out 日复一日典例No matter what the weather is like,she walks ten milesday in and day out.不管天气如何，她每天总是步行十英里。拓展 day after day 日复一日day by day 一天天地day and
5、 night 夜以继日from day to day 天天，每天every other day 每隔一天运用 完成句子day by dayHer health was improving _(一天天地)He was attended by nurses _(夜 以 继日)day and nightI couldnt stand doing the same job _(日复一日)day in and day out/day after dayThe dogs all of which were small and white with longhair barked loudly.这些长着白色
6、长毛的小狗都大声叫着。4bark解析(1)vi.(指狗等)吠叫；咆哮The dogs always bark at the strangers.这些狗总朝陌生人叫。(2)n.犬吠声；树皮Those trees have very beautiful white bark.那些树长着非常漂亮的白色树皮。拓展 bark out 吼出bark at 对吠叫/吼bark up the wrong tree 找错了人，错怪了人；弄错bark at the moon 狂犬吠月；徒劳无功sb.s bark is worse than his bite 刀子嘴，豆腐心运用 完成句子 The police of
7、ficer _ (大 声 吼 出)awarning to the kidnapper.barked outA _(吠叫的狗)seldom bites.The dogs _(正对着吠叫)the boy inthe backyard.are barking atbarking dog限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删掉，主句则失去意义或意思不完整是对先行词的补充说明，如删掉，主句意思仍完整译法上 译成先行词的定语：的通常译成主句的并列句先行词 普通名词或代词还可以是专有名词或整个主句关系词作宾语可省；可用 that；可用 who
8、 代替 whom作宾语不可省；不用 that/why；不可用 who 代替 whom复习非限制性定语从句一、比较限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词1指人：who,whom(不能用 who 代替),whose2指物：which,as3指地点：where相应介词which4指时间：when相应介词which5指原因：for which(切不可用 why)注意：关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。三、as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句1as 和 which 都可以指代整个主句，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：He married her
9、,as/which was natural.他娶了她，这是很自然的事。2as 引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前面或主句后面，甚至可以切割一个主句，意为“正如，正像”；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。如：John,as you know,is a famous wrier.你知道，约翰是一个著名的作家。3as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词必须是系动词；若从句谓语动词为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用 which。如：The abacus is invited by Chinese,which/as is well-known toall.众所周
10、知算盘是中国人发明的。He left this morning,which surprised me.他今早离开了，这让我吃惊。注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用 which。如：Tom was always late for school,which made his teacher angry.汤姆总是上学迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。一、用适当的关系词填空1 We went to the small town,_ we lived two yearsago.see.2He came to the street,in _ he had first met Sue.3The ea
11、rth is a huge water-covered globe,_ we can4I wronged the honest young man,for _ I was verysorry afterwards.whichwherewhichas/which5 Owen,_ is my best friend,will come to see metomorrow.who6 The car,_ handbrake(手闸)wasnt very reliable,began to slide backwards.whose7 She measured off three yards,with _
12、 she couldmake the dress.which8 Chaplin,for _ life had once been very hard,directed a film about life in an American factory.whom二、将下列每组句子合并成含有非限制性定语从句的复合句1The weather turned out to be very good.It was more than wecould expect.The weather turned out to be very good,which was more thanwe could expect
13、.2Bernard Shaw died in 1950.He wrote a lot of plays.Bernard Shaw,who died in 1950,wrote a lot of plays.3The scientists work is very important.He has been given amedal recently.The scientist,whose work is very important,has been given amedal recently.4 This poem was written by Tennyson.Almost everybo
14、dyknows the poems.This poem,which almost everybody knows,was written byTennyson.5He has four children.They all went to the same school.He has four children,all of whom went to the same school.6Whenever I met him,I liked his sweet and hopeful smile.Itwas fairly often.Whenever I met him,which was fair
15、ly often,I liked his sweetand hopeful smile.7 Chess is quite a difficult game.More and more people arelearning to play it.Chess,which more and more people are learning to play,isquite a difficult game.8 Laura has had her car damaged in an accident.She is veryupset about it.Laura has had her car dama
16、ged in an accident,about which sheis very upset.9 My father advises me to study medicine.I have greatconfidence in his judgment.My father advises me to study medicine,whose judgment Ihave great confidence in.10Oxford University is well known all over the world.Manyfamous scholars graduated from the university.Oxford University,from which many famous scho-larsgraduated,is well known all over the world.
