1、课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 研读材料，完成下列内容：一、重点单词熟记 1_ n指导，领导 2_ n会费，学费 3_ n青年；青年时期 4_ n同盟；联盟Section Learning about Language guidancefeeyouthleague课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 二、重点短语探究 1_为了特殊的目的 2_热爱 3_人类 4_把送进监狱 5_更糟 6_生病 7_丧失勇气或信心for a special purposeshow love forthe human raceput.in prisonget worsefall illlose heart
2、 课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 三、教材佳句背诵 1They _ me for encouraging the blacks fight _ the government and put me in prison.2The address _ I sent a lettle was in South Africa.attackedagainstto which课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 1put.in prison把关进监狱其中的prison指“坐牢；被监禁”这一活动(即一抽象概念)，其前不必用任何冠词。如：The police put the leaders of th
3、e march in prison.警察把这次游行的领导人关进了监狱。He was put into prison for damaging public property.他因破坏公共财产被监禁。相关短语：be in prison“坐牢”(可表示持续一段时间)go to prison“去坐牢”send.to/into prison“把送/关进监狱”课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航【即境活用】完成句子 那个人无缘无故地坐了三年的牢。The man _ for no good reason for three years.她在去坐牢前杀了自己的丈夫。She had killed her h
4、usband before she _.老太太的儿子因武装抢劫被监禁。The old ladys son _ for the armed robbery.has been in prisonwent to prisonwas sent to prison课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 注意：prison如果指某一个监狱或具体的监狱，其前可用a或the。The girl was born in a prison and was brought up by the prisoners.这位姑娘出生在监狱里，是由囚犯们抚养大的。A massive riot broke out in the
5、prison.那所监狱发生了大规模暴乱。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 2lose heart丧失勇气或信心(教材原句)The scientist from whom.never lost heart when he was in trouble.(P37)的科学家当陷入麻烦时从不灰心。【归纳拓展】lose ones heart to爱上learn sth by heart背诵，牢记put ones heart into专心于break sbs heart使某人很伤心heart and soul全心全意，完全地课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 She lost her heart
6、 to the handsome guy.她爱上了这个英俊的小伙子。The boy learned the poem by heart.这男孩背下了这首诗。He was heart and soul against the new rules.他完全反对新规定。When he was a child，he lost his heart to writing poems.With many years putting his heart into it，it seemed as if nothing had been achieved，but he will never lose heart.当
7、他是个孩子时，他就喜欢上了写诗。经过很多年致力于写诗之后，他似乎一事无成，但他永不灰心。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航【导图助记】课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航【即境活用】完成句子 He failed many times，but he _(没有失去信心)He is such a person that he likes doing everything that he wants to _(全心全意地)didnt lose heartheart and soul课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 定语从句()导学助记课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 定语从句中关系副
8、词与“介词关系代词”的用法 一、关系副词when，where，why的使用 引导定语从句的词，除关系代词外，还有关系副词when，where，why。(1)when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词一般为表示时间的名词。October 1st,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 注意：有时尽管先行词是表示时间的名词，但如果定语从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，此时应使用关系代词。试比较：I will never fo
9、rget the days that/which I spent in the countryside.I will never forget the days when I worked in the countryside.课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(2)where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词一般为表示地点的名词。Everyone wants to visit the place where Zhou Enlai once worked.大家都想参观周恩来曾经工作过的地方。Is there a shop around where we can get fruit?
10、附近有没有我们能买到水果的地方？课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 注意：where和when一样，在定语从句中只能充当状语；否则，必须换用关系代词。试比较：This is the factory where my father worked last year.This is the factory that/which my father visited last year.课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(3)why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般为reason。The reason why she told a lie is unknown.她为什么撒谎还不清楚
11、。We dont know the reason why they didnt attend the meeting.我们不知道他们为什么没有参加会议。再比较：The reason that/which he gave us was hard to accept.The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the first bus.课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 二、“介词关系代词”的用法 1用法 关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间；为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先
12、行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。This is the room in which we lived last year.This is the room which we lived in last year.Whos the comrade whom you just shook hands with？Whos the comrade with whom you just shook hands?课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 2注意事项 定语从句中“介词关系代词”结构中的关系代词是which(指物)，whom(指人)。掌握这个结构的关键在于对介词的正确选择，要注意以下
13、几个问题：(1)介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配。The person to whom I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.The person whom I spoke to just now is the manager that I told you about.刚才跟我说话的那个人就是我和你谈起的那位经理。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(2)介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性搭配。The two things about which Marx was not sure were the gra
14、mmar and some of the idioms of English.The two things which Marx was not sure about were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.马克思在语法和英语的某些习惯用语这两方面还是没有把握。(3)介词和定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配。The pen with which he was writing broke.The pen which he was writing with broke.他写字用的那支钢笔坏了。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(4)表
15、示“整体中的部分”或“所有关系”时，用介词of。He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows，most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.他付了10美元给这个男孩清洗10个窗户，大部分窗户已至少一年没有擦了。He has three uncles，all of whom are doctors.他有三个叔叔，他们全都是大夫。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(5)“介词关系代词”结构中的关系代词不能用that，但当把介词放在从句有关动词后面时，关系代词可用that，也可省略。The man
16、(that/whom)you were talking about has come to our school.你谈起的那个人来我们学校了。The room(that/which)she lives in is a large one.她住的是一个大房间。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(6)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，因此不能使用“介词关系代词”结构。Is this the watch which he was looking for？(不能说：Is this the watch for which he was looking？)这是他正在找的那块手表吗？T
17、his is the baby(whom/that)my grandma takes care of.(不能说：This is the baby of whom my grandma takes care.)这就是我奶奶照看的婴儿。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 3关系副词与“介词关系代词”的转化 定语从句修饰一个表示时间的名词时，常用关系副词when来引导；定语从句在修饰表示地点的名词时，一般用关系副词where来引导；定语从句在修饰表示原因的名词时，一般用关系副词why来引导。关系副词when，where和why代替与其相应的先行词，并在从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。这三个关系副
18、词在意义上相当于“介词关系代词”。句中的when，where，why根据需要可用“介词关系代词which”来替换，即：whenat/in/duringwhich；wherein/atwhich；whyfor which课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(1)This was a time when(during which)there were still slaves in the USA.那是一个美国还存在奴隶的时代。when代替前面对应的先行词a time，引导定语从句when there were still slaves in the USA，并在定语从句中充当时间状语。when
19、在意义上相当于during the time，但我们不能用during the time来引导一个定语从句，需要把the time换成which，即during whichwhen。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(2)Is this the house where(in which)he was born?这就是他出生时的那所房子吗？where代替前面对应的先行词the house，引导定语从句where he was born，修饰表示地点的名词house，同时where在定语从句中充当地点状语。where在意义上相当于in the house，但in the house不能引导一个
20、定语从句，要把the house变成which，即in whichwhere。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 I wont forget the days when(in which)Istayed with you.我不会忘记跟你待在一起的日子。The house where(in which)Lu Xun once lived has become a place of interest.鲁迅曾经住过的地方已成为名胜了。I dont know the reason why(for which)hesaid that.我不明白他说那事的原因。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 4
21、关系副词和关系代词的判断方法 关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据先行词在定语从句中作的成分。若是作状语，则用关系副词或“介词which”；若是作主语或宾语，则用关系代词。Well remember课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 5关系代词as引导的定语从句 as用作关系代词，既可单独引出定语从句，又可与主句中的the same或such相呼应，从句中的谓语动词常省略。We do the same work as they(do)我们和他们干同样的活。I hope to buy such a dress as Mary is wearing.我想买一件玛丽穿的那种衣服。课前自主导学考点难点易
22、混点语法考点导航 6as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 关系代词which和as都能引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个句子，但也有不同之处。(1)as引导的定语从句既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航(2)as很多时候意为“正如”，从句的谓语 动 词 多 是 see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等，而which往往意为“这一点”。As is known to all，Taiwan is part of China.众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。He turned
23、out to be very successful，which was more than we could expect.他最后非常成功，这一点超出了我们的预料。课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 知能精练.单项填空 1 The days are gone _physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(2011天津，10)Awhen Bthat Cwhere Dwhich解析句意：体力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不复返了。该题为分隔式定语从句，先行词是the days。且定语从句中不缺少句子成分，故用关系副词when。
24、答案 A课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 2Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_it will keep for two or three weeks.(2011安徽，28)Awhen Bwhich Cwhere Dwhile解析句意：任何剩下的东西也许都可以放进冰箱，在那里可以保存两到三周的时间。该题为非限制性定语从句，且定语从句中不缺少句子成分，故用关系副词where。答案 C课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 3I walked up to the top of the hill with my fri
25、ends,_we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011陕西，11)Awhich Bwhere Cwho Dthat解析句意：我和我的朋友们一直走到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了湖的美景。关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词为the top of the hill。答案 B课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 4A bank is the place _they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain
26、.(2011浙江，10)Awhen Bthat Cwhere Dthere解析句意：银行是晴天时给你雨伞，下雨时收回雨伞的地方。先行词是the place，因从句结构完整，不缺少句子成分，故用关系副词where。答案 C课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 5Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _life has developed gradually.(2010福建，24)Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhose解析定语从句的先行词是planet，表示地点，故用关系副
27、词where。答案 B课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 6 We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.(2012浙江，9)Awhy Bwhen Cto whom Don which解析分析句子结构可知此处考查定语从句，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应该用关系副词when，故选B项。答案 B课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 7The air quality in the city，_ is shown in the report，h
28、as improved over the past two months.(2012福建，23)Athat Bit Cas Dwhat解析句意：正如报道所描述的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月中已得到改善。关系代词as引导一个非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，如同”。答案 C课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 8 Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales.(2012重庆，29)Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere解析分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。p
29、osition是先行词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。答案 D课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航.完成下列含有定语从句的句子 1This is the shop _which I met him for the first time.这就是我第一次见到他的那个商店。2 I know the boy _whom you borrowed the English novel.我认识你从他那儿借的这本英文小说的那个男孩。3This is the man _whom we often turn for help.This is the man(whom/who/that)we o
30、ften _for help.这就是那个我们经常求助的人。infromtoturn to课前自主导学考点难点易混点语法考点导航 4 The book _which you asked is missing.The book(which/that)you_ismissing.你要的那本书不见了。5a.This is the book _I spent 5 yuan.The car _ I paid 1,000 is really a bargain.bI remember the days _I lived there.This is the pool _I used to swim in summer.cThe colorless gas _we cannot live is called oxygen.I have found the hole _the mouse came into my room.forasked foron whichfor whichduring whichin whichwithout whichthrough which
