1、Unit 23 Conflict Period ThreeGrammar 课件（北师大版选修8，广东专用）Inversion 倒装1倒装的含义在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了强调句子的某一部分或其他原因，谓语需要全部或部分移到主语的前面，这叫语序倒装。2倒装的分类倒装有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，称为全部倒装。若谓语一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词或be动词)位于主语之前，则称之为部分倒装。3全部倒装的应用场合(1)there be 句型中，其中be 可换作appear，come，exist，happen，lie，remain，s
2、eem，stand，ring等动词。There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.山顶上有一座寺庙。There rings the bell.铃响了。(2)由副词here，there，now，then 等开头的句子，谓语动词是be，come，follow，go，begin等，且主语是名词时。There goes the last bus.末班车开走了。Here are some picture-books.这是一些图画书。(3)表“动态”的副词in，out等置于句首作状语时，且句子主语是名词时。Out rushed the boy，cryin
3、g.那个男孩哭着跑出来了。注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。In she came and the lesson began.她走进来开始上课。(4)表示地点的介词词组位于句首时。North of the city lies a river.城北有条河。In front of our house stands a big tree.我们的房子前有一棵大树。(5)such 置于句首时(多被认为是表语，such后的be 动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致)。Such is life！人生就是这样！Such were his words.他就是这样说的。(6)作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，此
4、时倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。形容词连系动词主语Present at the meeting were some important figures.出席会议的是一些重要人物。分词连系动词主语Gone are the days when Chinese were burdened with three mountains.中国人民肩负三座大山的日子一去不复返了。Sitting in front of the house was a little girl.一个小女孩坐在房子的前面。介词短语连系动词主语Among the goods are Christmas trees，flowers，c
5、andles and toys.这些商品里有圣诞树、鲜花、蜡烛及玩具等。4部分倒装的应用场合(1)否定或半否定意义的副词或介词短语置于句首时，引起部分倒装结构。常见的词有以下几种：否定意义系列：no，nowhere，not，never；否定意义短语“绝不”系列：in no way，at no time，in no case，by no means，on no account，on/under no condition；半否定意义系列：seldom，hardly，scarcely，barely，little，few等。Seldom does he go to the park at weeken
6、d.周末他很少去公园。By no means is she an inexperienced teacher.她绝不是个毫无经验的老师。Under no condition should you tell them what happened.你绝不能告诉他们所发生的事。注意：few，little 作主语或修饰主语时，则用自然语序。如：Few students are in the classroom after 10 oclock in the evening.晚上十点钟之后很少有学生在教室里。(2)常使用部分倒装的否定词在句首的特殊句型。Not only.but(also).并列两个分句时
7、，前一个分句用部分倒装结构，而后一个分句不倒装。Not only are the students planting trees，but(also)the teacher is.不仅学生们在种树，老师也在种。Neither.nor.引导两个分句时，两个分句用部分倒装。Neither have I seen him recently，nor have I heard from him.我最近既没见到他，也没收到他的来信。Hardly(Scarcely/Barely).when.和No sooner.than.句型，意 为“一 就”。当 Hardly(Scarcely/Barely)或 No so
8、oner置于句首时，主句的谓语动词用部分倒装，并且主句多用过去完成时。Hardly had we sat down at the table when the phone rang.No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。Not until 从句或短语在句首时，后面主句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构，而从句不倒装。Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.直到看到礼物，她才感到高兴。(3)“so形容词/副词that”和“such名词t
9、hat”句型，意为“如此以至于”。当so形容词/副词，such名词位于句首时，主句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构，但从句不倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他讲英语非常清晰，总能让别人听懂。So beautiful a girl/Such a beautiful girl is she that many young boys fall in love with her.她是一个如此美丽的姑娘，以至于许多小伙子都爱上了她。(4)当副词only 强调状语(介词短语/副词/状语从句
10、)，并且置于句首时，句子谓语动词用部分倒装。Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只是到了他回来时我们才发现实情。但如果only不用于以上结构，只修饰主语时，不用倒装。Only his brother was right.只有他的弟弟(哥哥)是对的。(5)so/neither/nor置于句首，表示前者情况也适用于后者，其句型为：so/neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语，so与前面的肯定句呼应；neither，nor与前面的否定句呼应。After that we never saw her again，nor did w
11、e hear from her.从那以后我们再也没见过她，也没有收到过她的信件。I saw the film last week，so did she.上周我看了这部电影，她也看了。I dont think I can walk any further.我想我再也走不动了。Neither can ILets stop here for a rest.我也是，咱们在这儿休息一会儿吧。He has passed the exam，so have I.他考试及格了，我也是。If you dont do the work，neither shall I.如果你不做这项工作，我也不做。注意：如果后一句只
12、是单纯地重复前句的内容，对其肯定或附和，此时译作“确实”，采用自然语序。John won the first prize in the contest.约翰在比赛中获得了一等奖。So he did.确实如此。(6)省略if的虚拟条件句以had/were/should开头引起的倒装。Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exam.要是他再努力一点，他会通过考试的。Were she my friend，I would ask her for help.如果她是我的朋友，我就会请她帮忙。Should it rain tomorrow，w
13、e should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.如果明天下雨，我们就推迟去杨浦大桥的参观活动。(7)as引导的让步状语从句中，通常把从句中的表语、状语、甚至谓语动词的一部分置于句首。Young as he is，he knows much.尽管年轻，但他阅历丰富。Try as he might，he failed again.尽管又试了一次，他仍然失败了。走出误区1代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。如：Here it is.在这里。2若not until 句型用在强调句中，则不倒装。It was not until she saw th
14、e present that she felt happy.3as引导的让步状语从句中，当表语是名词，且为单数形式放于句首时，其前不能加冠词。Beggar as he is，he looks very proud.尽管是个乞丐，但他看上去很高傲。4although 引导的让步状语从句不倒装；though 引导的可以倒装，也可以不倒装。Although we were tired，we kept walking.Though we were tired，we kept walking.Tired though we were，we kept walking.Tired as we were，we
15、 kept walking.尽管累了，我们仍继续前行。将下列句子变为倒装句Tom didnt go to bed until he finished his homework last night._You can learn English well only in this way._I shall never forget his words._Our school lies in the middle of the city._The boys rushed out._答案 Not until Tom finished his homework did he go to bed last night.Only in this way can you learn English well.Never shall I forget his words.In the middle of the city lies our school.Out rushed the boys.
