1、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的使用范围及判断1虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设它主要用于由if引导的条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句中。它既是高中英语语法的一个难点，也是教材的重点和高考的考点。Unit 15 Learning Period ThreeGrammar 课件（北师大版必修5，广东专用）2if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断虚拟语气中的假设，通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反，与现在事实相反，与将来事实可能相反。准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反之后，谓语动词应作如下处理：即与过去事实相反时，在从句中用过去完成时表示；与现在事实相反时，在从句中用一般过去时表示；与将来事实可能相反时，
2、在从句中用过去将来时表示。主句中则用would，should，could等情态动词加动词的适当形式。二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法情况从句谓语主句谓语举例与现在事实相反过去式would/should/could/might doIf I were you，I would choose to work in a small town.如果我是你，我会选择在小城镇工作。与将来事实相反should do，were to或过去式would/should/could/might doIf it should be fine tomorrow，I would go on a trip.如果明天天气好的
3、话，我要去旅游。If I were to do the job，I would do it in a different way.要是我来做这项工作，我会用另一种方法。与过去事实相反had donewould/should/could/might have doneIf I had enough money，I would have gone to the zoo with you.如果我当时有足够的钱，我就会和你一起去动物园了。三、wish在虚拟语气中的用法wish常表达不切实际或难以实现的愿望、懊悔、遗憾，因而它后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。主要有以下几种情况：1表示与现在事实相反的情况，这
4、时从句应该用一般过去时。I wish I were as tall as my brother.How I wish I knew how to go to the library.2 表 示 将 来 没 有 把 握 或 不 太 可 能 实 现 的 愿 望，用would/could/should/might动词原形：Its too cold.I wish it would become sunny this afternoon.I wish you would stay two hours longer.3 表 示 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 的 情 况，用 过 去 完 成 时 或would/
5、couldhave过去分词。Linda failed the final exam.She wishes she had worked harder.I wish I could have gone hiking with you last Sunday.四、在宾语从句及其他名词性从句中的应用1主句中谓语动词是“坚持认为”(insist)，“命令”(order，command)，“建 议”(suggest，propose，advise)，“要求”(request，desire)时，其后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。They insisted that I(s
6、hould)raise the question at the meeting.他们坚持要我在会上提出这个问题。He requested that he(should)get more help from us.他请求得到我们更多的帮助。2在It is suggested/requested/desired/ordered/proposed that.等结构的主语从句中，其后的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。It was suggested that we(should)put an end to the project.有人建议我们结束这项工程。3上述那些“命令，建
7、议，要求”等动词有其名词形式，如order，suggestion，proposal，advice，request，demand。这些名词及idea，plan等后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词同样用“(should)动词原形”形式。(1)在表语从句中My suggestion is that we(should)send a medical team to the village.我的建议是我们应该派一个医疗小组到那个村子去。His request is that he(should)be allowed to join the army.他的请求是允许他参军。My idea was tha
8、t we(should)make a careful study of it first.我的意见是先对其进行认真的研究。(2)在同位语从句中We left the camp as soon as he gave the order that we(should)hurry to the front.他一下达赶赴前线的命令，我们就离开了营地。4在for fear that(怕)，in case(万一)引导的从句中，谓语用“should动词原形”，should表可能性。在一些表示怀疑、惊奇、不满等情绪的结构中，should意为“竟然”。He took a raincoat with him fo
9、r fear that it should rain.他带了雨衣，怕会下雨。Heres some money in case you should need it.给你一些钱，万一你用得到。Its a pity that he should be absent.他竟会缺席，真遗憾。We were surprised that he should work out such a difficult problem in such a short time.他在这么短的时间解出如此难的题，真让我们吃惊。.单句改错1 If she studied harder，she would have pass
10、ed the exam._2We would have won if we stayed up so late the night before._3 My suggestion is that he would go there at once._4It is time that we go to the library._5Without air，there can be no living things._studied前加hadstayed前加hadntwouldshould或去掉wouldgowentcanwould.用括号里的动词的适当形式填空1If I_(be)you，I wou
11、ld invite her to dinner.2 I didnt know that he had come back.IfI_(learn)about it，I would have paid him a visit.3 If I had seen Xiao Li yesterday，I_(tell)her the good news.4_you_(call)me earlier，I would have waited for you at home.5If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we_(plant)several trees in the garden.6Wit
12、hout your help，we_(not，solve)the problem so quickly.werehad learnedwould have toldHadcalledwill plantwouldnt have solved.单项填空1Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_it without you.Acan manage Bcould have managed Ccould manage Dcan have managed答案B考查由介词without.所引起的对过去事实的一种虚拟。2What
13、a pity considering his ability and experience，he_better.Aneed have done Bmust have doneCcan have done Dmight have done答案D句意：真遗憾，考虑到他的能力和经验，他或许会做得更好一点。might have done“本可能做事实上并未做”。3 One of the requirements for the fire is that the material_to its burning temperature.Ais heated Bwill be heatedCwould be
14、 heated Dbe heated答 案Dthat引 出 一 个 表 语 从 句，其 前 有 名 词requirements，所以动词要用(should)do的形式。4The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I_thetrouble to carry my umbrella with me.Ashould have taken Bcould have takenCneednt have taken Dmustnt have taken答案Cneednt have done“本没必要做某事实际上却做了”。5_fired，your health c
15、are and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.AWould you be BShould you beCCould you be DMight you be答案B在虚拟语气中，如果把if省略，可以把should，were或had提到主语的前面。此题考查的是should提前，故选B。1The look on her face suggests that she_muchbetter today.But the doctor still suggested she_for a few days.Afeels；rested Bfeels
16、；restCfelt；rest Dfelt；rested答案B第一个suggest意为“表明”，从句中用陈述语气，第二个suggest意为“建议”，从句中用should动词原形，should可省略。2She made the demand that students_at once.Aleaves Bleave Cleft Dto be left答案Bthat引导的同位语从句作demand的同位语，谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)动词原形。3The order came that the medical supplies_to the village without delay.Awould
17、 be sent Bshould sendCbe sent Dmust be sent答案Cthat引导的从句作the order的同位语，所以从句谓语动词用(should)动词原形。为了避免头重脚轻从句放在了句尾。原句为The order that the medical supplies be sent to the village without delay came。4Had you listened to the doctor，you_all right now.Aare BwereCwould be Dwould have been答案C混合虚拟条件句，从句与过去事实相反用had
18、done，主句与现在事实相反(标志性的词now)用would do。在if引导的从句中，如果出现助动词had或were，should等词，可以把if省去，had，were，should分别提到主语前边去。5_to do the work，I should do it some other way.AIf were I BI wereCWere I DWas I答案Cbe to do sth表示将来，if省略把were提到主语前。6If it were not for the fact that you_ill，I would ask you to do this right now.Awere
19、 Bhad beenCare Dbe答案C要不是你病了，我现在就会让你去做。you are ill是客观事实，所以用一般现在时态。7He treated me as though_his own son.AI am BI would beCI was DI were答案Das if和as though后面可以接陈述语气，也可以接虚拟语气的句子，表示与事实相反。与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，与过去事实相反用had done。8Its time we_to bed.Amust go Bwill goCwent Dhave gone答案CIts time sb did sth或Its time th
20、at sbshould do sth，其中should不省略。9Many high school students wish that they_at a top university in the future.Ahad studied BstudiedChave studied Dcould study答案 Dwish后从句用 could do表示对将来的愿望。10The children wish it_last week，since they could have gone to the amusement park.Ahadnt rained Bdidnt rainCwouldnt
21、rain Dshouldnt rain答案 A与过去事实相反，wish从句用had done。11 Lisa_havefinished her project，or she wouldnt be on holiday now.Ashould BmustCwouldnt Dcant答案 Bmust have done是对过去的肯定推测。12You still havent handed in your plan.You_it in yesterday morning.Ashould hand Bmust handCshould have handed Dmust have handed答案Csh
22、ould have done表示本应做而事实上没有做。13A few minutes earlier and we_the train.Ahave caught Bhad caughtCwould have caught Dwere to caught答案C早来几分钟我们就会赶上那趟火车。与过去事实相反，主句用would have done。14It is strange that he_interest in much of his research.Ashould have lost Bwould loseChad lost Dwill lost答案AIts strange that和Its necessary that句式中表强烈感情色彩时从句用虚拟语气should do。本句与过去事实相反用should have lost，意为“竟然对他的很多研究失去了兴趣，这很奇怪”。15It is necessary that the problem_at once.Asolves Bshould solveCshould be solved Dwill be solved答案 C问题必须马上解决。从句用should do。
