1、山东省2021届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。听力第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. 【此处可播放相
2、关音频，请去附件查看】What will the man do at 8:00?A. Work in the office.B. Have dinner with Mike.C. Go out with the woman.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: Hey, Jason, do you want to join Mike and me for dinner? We are going to the Rose Restaurant at 8:00.M: I have to work till 8:30, but why dont I meet you afterwards?2. 【此处可播
3、放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman dislike about the shirt?A. The color.B. The design.C. The price.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Id like to buy a shirt. Look, this purple shirt is in an interesting color and the price is reasonable.W: Yes, but the color is prettier than the design.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the
4、speakers mainly talking about?A. Garys works.B. Garys application.C. Garys list of samples.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Hi Gary, how is your application going? Have you heard anything yet?M: It seems that Im on the short list. Now the selection board wants to see some samples of my published works.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，
5、请去附件查看】What did the man plan to do on March 1st?A. Apply for some classes.B. Call the travel agent.C. Go to the mountains.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: I just called the travel agent. Its all set. On March 1st, Im heading for the mountains for an entire week.W: Have you checked the academic calendar because my cl
6、asses arent over till the seventh?5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why does Amy plan to go to Rome?A. To work.B. To travel.C. To study.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Hi, Amy. What are you reading? Is that an Italian grammar book?W: Yeah. Im trying to teach myself some Italian, because Im going to Rome next semester.M: Whats t
7、he reason for this sudden interest in Italy?W: Well, actually I was planning to take some courses about medieval (中世纪的) architecture, and it was said that Rome is the best in that field.第二节 （共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟
8、；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6. What course wont the girl attend?A. African music.B. Business.C. Basic Spanish.7. On which days does the girl have advanced piano classes?A. Mondays.B. Tuesdays.C. Thursdays.【答案】6. B 7. A【解析】【原文】M: Hi, Julie. How are you doing?W: W
9、ell, pretty busy.M: Did you register for the new term?W: Yeah, I registered this morning.M: Going to take any business classes?W: No, I dont think so. Im going to take African music. It meets on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday every week.M: Hmm. Well, any piano classes?W: Yeah, Im taking advanced pia
10、no. It meets every Monday.M: How about the basic requirement courses?W: Im going to take English composition and basic Spanish.M: Sounds like a full schedule!W: Yeah, Im going to be really busy.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8. Which family holiday does the man recommend?A. The one on the 18th.B
11、. The one on the 19th.C. The one on the 20th.9. Where will the woman probably go?A. France.B. Spain.C. Greece.10. What do we know about The Hotel Playa?A. It is a five-star hotel.B. It has its own beach.C. It has a swimming pool.【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C【解析】【原文】W: Do you have any family holidays for next
12、week?M: Lets see. There is one on the 18th. The 19th is full and the 20th is no good because its just for two people.W: Where are the holidays?M: France, Spain and Greece. The cheapest holiday is in France but this is in an apartment. If you want to stay in a hotel, it will cost less to go to The Ho
13、tel Playa in Spain.W: OK. What kind of hotel is it?M: It has three stars. It doesnt have its own beach but it has its own swimming pool and childrens club.W: Thats OK.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a shop.B. At home.C. At a TV station.12. What doe
14、s Bob like doing?A. Playing tennis.B. Taking pictures.C. Riding bikes.13. What did the woman dream of being?A. A shop owner.B. A bank clerk.C. A tennis player.【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C【解析】【原文】M: Hello, Mary.W: Come on, Ken. Its time to go.M: Wait a moment, please. I just have to close up the shop. By th
15、e way, can you give my brother a ride home tonight after the game?W: Of course. You mean Bob is coming, too?M: Yeah. He wants to take some pictures. Hes really interested in photography.W: Oh. Does he want to be a photographer after graduation?M: Yes, he wants to work for a TV station.W: That sounds
16、 like an interesting job.M: I guess so. But a lot of people want to be photographers, too. He has to work hard.W: But itll be really nice if he can work at something hes interested in. I wanted to be a tennis player, but now I work in the bank.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14. How long has Loui
17、se been working at the center?A. About six months.B. About one year.C. About two years.15. How did Louise feel when she started working at the center?A. Excited.B. Nervous.C. Confident.16. What is the most rewarding part of the job?A. Seeing children have a lot of fun.B. Thinking of new things for c
18、hildren to do.C. Helping the less able children achieve more.17. What does Louise say about working at night?A. Its unfair for her to do it.B. Its something that she enjoys.C. Its a necessary part of the job.【答案】14. C 15. B 16. C 17. C【解析】【原文】M: I have with me this evening Louise Graham, a group lea
19、der at Ravensfield Outdoor Adventure Center for children. Louise, how long have you been there?W: Well, before I first went there, two years ago, I thought Id probably only stay for a year, but after six months or so I really started to enjoy the job. So Ive been there ever since. To be honest, I wa
20、s lacking in self-confidence, and when I first arrived, I was a bit worried about making mistakes. I was frightened I might put the children in danger because of my inexperience.M: Whats the best thing about your work?W: One thing I like is seeing them have so much fun, even if sometimes their behav
21、ior isnt perfect. And I can suggest activities that havent been tried before. But there are always some children who havent quite got as much ability as others, and for me the most rewarding part of the job is getting them to succeed in things they havent managed to do before. Its hard work though.
22、Sometimes you are on duty at night.M: Mmwhat do you think about that?W: Well, I cant say I look forward to starting work at 10:00 pm, but the kids have to be looked after 24 hours so someone has to do it and all the staff take turns.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18. What organizations used to hav
23、e a lot of power?A. Newspapers and publishers.B. Universities and bookstores.C. Libraries and printing companies.19. Why do many city people like e-books?A. They are cheaper.B. They are easier to carry.C. They are more interesting.20. What can we learn about Borders Group?A. They were bought by a te
24、ch company.B They used to have more than 600 stores.C. They made billions of dollars this year.【答案】18. A 19. B 20. B【解析】【原文】M: Books have always been an important part of peoples lives. Libraries were important parts of both universities and town centers, and many of the first successful companies i
25、n modern times made their money by selling books. Like newspapers, publishers used to have a lot of power and influence, but nowadays, the companies that control digital information seem to have taken over. In particular, e-books have replaced traditional books for most modern readers, especially in
26、 big cities, for whom everything has to be easy to carry and convenient to use. Tech companies like Amazon and Apple sell “e-readers” that can contain thousands of books, and their online stores list millions of titles, far more than any bookstore could ever hold. As more and more people buy compute
27、rs, smart phones, and tablets, the market for e-books continues to grow. Many traditional book publishers and bookstores have gone out of business. For example, Borders Group used to be one of the largest bookstores in the United States, with more than 600 locations and billions of dollars in sales
28、every year. But after e-books appeared, they started losing money and had to close all their stores.第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThe Hitchhiker s Guide to the Galaxy (HG2G) by Douglas AdamsThis is a comedy science-fiction series about a mans adventure
29、s in space. It was initially a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4. It is extremely funny and inventive, and has a very British sense of humor, whose true meanings foreign readers can hardly make out though it has been translated into French and Italian and so on. But when I read it I feel a stron
30、g connection to my home. It was published in paperback by Pan Books, after BBC Publishing had turned down the offer of publishing a novelization, an action they later regretted.The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson BurnettHave you ever read a description of a landscape or countryside that made you fe
31、el like you were actually there? For me, this book does exactly that. It is about a young girl who is taken to live in a big house in my hometown and discovers a secret garden.Daddy-Long-Legs by Jean WebsterThis book takes the form of a series of letters, and follows the story of a young orphan(孤儿),
32、 Judy, as she goes to university and discovers a whole world of new experiences. This book always reminds me of my family, especially my mother, because she used to read it to me when I was ill in bed.The Railway Children by E. NesbitThis was one of my favorite books when I was younger, and for this
33、 reason it still strongly reminds me of England and my childhood. It is also set in Yorkshire where I was born and spent my childhood, and follows three children living next to a railway and their adventures.21. What do we know about HG2G?A. It was based on true adventures.B. Its language is abstrac
34、t and inventive.C. Its humor is hard for foreigners to understand.D. It was adapted for radio after being published.22. Which books are set in the same place?A. Daddy-Long-Legs & HG2G.B. The Secret Garden & The Railway Children.C. The Secret Garden & HG2G.D. Daddy Long Legs & The Railway Children.23
35、. What do all the books have in common?A. They follow childrens adventures.B. They are British countryside series.C. They refer to the authors childhood.D. They bring memories of home to the author.【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D【解析】本文是一篇应用文。作者主要介绍了四本他喜爱的书。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy这本书
36、的介绍中的内容“has a very British sense of humor, whose true meanings foreign readers can hardly make out”可知，这本书的语言具有典型的英式幽默，外国读者很难理解其真正的含义。银河系漫游指南这本书中的幽默外国人很难理解。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据The Secret Garden这本书的介绍中的“It is about a young girl who is taken to live in a big house in my hometown（它是关于一个年轻的女孩住在我家乡的一所大房子里的
37、故事）”和The Railway Children这本书的介绍中的“It is also set in Yorkshire where I was born and spent my childhood（故事发生在我出生和度过童年的约克郡）”可知，这两本小说的故事均发生在文章作者的家乡，即英国的Yorkshire，故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。作者对这四本书进行介绍的时候分别提及“when I read it I feel strong connection to my home（当我读到它的时候，我感到与我的家乡有强烈的联系）” “in my hometown（在我的家乡）” “This
38、 book always reminds me of my family, especially my mother（这本书总是让我想起我的家人，尤其是我的母亲）” “reminds me of England and my childhood（让我想起了英格兰和我的童年）”，由此可知，当作者读这些书的时候，它们的故事内容会让作者想起自己的家乡，故选D。BJessica Burks home is full of opportunities. Packaged slime(黏土) in a variety of colors and pleasant smells lines one wall
39、 of living room, and, in the designated “slime room” workspace in the back, bottles of fragrance oil are arranged in rows, next to glue and an industrial-size kitchen mixer.But its not the amount of slime in Burks house that shocks people, she said. Its that her 15-year-old daughter, Samantha Zumwal
40、t, is in charge of their enterprise. The mother-daughter team run Samanthas Slime Shop at home and the demand for their products helps them earn six figures a year. Samanthas slime, offered in a rainbow of colors and a range of textures(质地), is in high demand. Since she started her business, shes ma
41、de more than 24,000 sales on Etsy. The customers are generally young between 9 and 12 years old, Burks said, though some adults and teens buy slime, too. Some customers buy Samanthas slime because they say playing with it is calming. Others want it because it gives them something to do with their ha
42、nds.Last year, Nichole Jacklyne, a social media blogger, who reviews slime and provides DIY lessons for hundreds of thousands of followers, reviewed Samanthas product in a video. After Jacklynes video, orders poured into Samanthas shop, Burks said.However, Samanthas mom was initially resistant to th
43、e girls slime ambitions. It took months for Samantha to convince her mom to buy the key materials to make slime. “I told her no for months,” Burks said. Finally, Burks gave in. She had been laid off from her job as an accountant, and the two dove into the slime business. Now, Burks is proud of Saman
44、tha for running the business so well, “I hope she can meet all of her business goals whether thats still running the slime enterprise, or buying another business out, or starting a new business,” she said. “Whatever her dreams are is where I want her to be.”24. Why does the author specifically descr
45、ibe Jessica Burks home in Paragraph 1?A. To stress the amount of slime there.B. To present how special her home is.C. To introduce Samanthas slime business.D. To show the business opportunities of slime.25. What do we know about Samanthas slime from the text?A. It only wins popularity with kids.B. A
46、ll adults buy it just for recreation.C. Social media contributes greatly to its sales.D. It helps Samantha get more followers on the Internet.26. How does Jessica Burks attitude to Samanthas slime business change?A. WorriedFavorable.B. DoubtfulObjective.C. NegativeCautious.D. DisapprovingSupportive.
47、27. What is the passage mainly about?A. Samanthas slime business is a success.B. Samantha promotes her slime online.C. Playing with slime puts people at ease.D. Jessica Burks quits to run her slime business.【答案】24. C 25. C 26. D 27. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了15岁的Samantha在妈妈的帮助下，在家开店售卖不同颜色和气味的黏土，并获得成功的故事。【2
48、4题详解】推理判断题。阅读文章可知，第一段描述了Burks家有各种颜色的黏土及制作材料。再根据下文内容，尤其是第二段中的“But its not the amount of slime in Burks house that shocks people, she said.” “The mother-daughter team run Samanthas Slime Shop at home and the demand for their products helps them earn six figures a year.（但并不是Burks家的黏土量令人震惊，她说：“母女团队在家经营S
49、amantha的黏土店，对她们产品的需求，帮助她们每年挣6位数的收入。）”可知，作者写作第一段的目的是引出对Samantha黏土生意的介绍，故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“After Jacklynes video, orders poured into Samanthas shop”可知，社交媒体博主Jacklyne在网上的点评视频使得Samantha的黏土商店获得了大量订单，故社交媒体促进了Samantha的黏土销量上涨，即社交媒体对其销售贡献巨大。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Samanthas mom was initially res
50、istant to the girls slime ambitions” “I told her no for months”可知，Samantha的妈妈一开始对Samantha的黏土事业是抵制的；再根据最后一段中的“Now, Burks is proud of Samantha for running the business so well”可知，现在Burks对Samantha的作为感到自豪，故可看出Samantha的妈妈现在十分支持Samantha的黏土事业。Jessica Burks对Samantha的黏土生意的态度经历了由反对到支持。故选D。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其
51、根据第二段中的“Samanthas slime, offered in a rainbow of colors and a range of textures(质地), is in high demand. Since she started her business, shes made more than 24,000 sales on Etsy.（Samantha的黏土以彩虹色和多种质地供应，需求量很大。自从她创业以来，她在Etsy上的销售额已经超过了24000。）”可知，本文主要讲述了15岁女孩Samantha Zumwalt开设的黏土商店大获成功的故事，故A项“Samantha的黏土
52、生意很成功”最能概括文章大意。故选A。CAs reported in JAMA Surgery, the researchers discovered that e-scooter(电动摩托车) injury rates had increased dramatically in just four years, rising from 6 per 100,000 in the population to 19 per 100,000. Of the estimated 14,651 e-scooter-related injuries in 2018, 4,658, or 32%, invo
53、lved the head. “While most people recover from head injuries, there is going to be a subset with long-term disability and life changes,” said Dr. Benjamin Breyer.Dr. Benjamin Breyer of the University of California, Los Angeles, pointed to a 2019 analysis of the data from two hospitals in Southern Ca
54、lifornia, which found just 4.8% of injured e-scooter riders were wearing helmets.Dr. Joann Elmore, a professor of medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, believed that most e-scooter users are probably unaware of the risks. To make the point, she described a photo taken by a colleague
55、. “There were two riders on an e-scooter,” she said. “No one had shoes on. There were no helmets. And the woman in front had a baby in a baby carrier.”The new report highlights the need for more research on new technologies, said Dr. Guohua Li, a professor of epidemiology(流行病学).“Just as there is a g
56、lobal network of experts working on infectious diseases, there needs to be a similar program devoted to the surveillance(监视，监察) and prevention of injuries caused by merging technologies products and lifestyles, such as e-scooters, e-sports, etc.,” Li said in an email.“The challenge for researchers a
57、nd policymakers is to keep up with the ever-changing society and protect the public from unnecessary harm caused by new technologies and products without hindering innovation,” he added.28. What can we know from the passage?A. E-scooter injury rates had increased due to speeding.B. 32% of injured e-
58、scooter riders werent wearing helmets.C. There is a program devoted to the prevention of injuries caused by advanced technologies.D. Protection and innovation are of equal importance.29. What can we infer from Dr. Joann Elmores comments?A. She is an anti-scooter.B. The woman in front was pregnant.C.
59、 She is concerned about the e-scooter users.D. Most e-scooter riders often drive at high speed.30. What does the underlined word “hindering” probably mean?A. Preventing.B. Limiting.C. Developing.D. Making progress.31. Whats the authors main purpose of writing the passage?A To arouse peoples awarenes
60、s of the risks and self-protection.B. To introduce a new way of transport e-scooters.C. To ask people not to ride e-scooters any more.D. To urge policymakers to make laws as soon as possible.【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项调查结果近几年来，驾驶电动摩托车导致的受伤率急剧上升。专家称，这项新的调查结果强调了需要对新技术进行更多的研究，
61、既要保护公众不受到来自新技术和产品的危害，又要避免阻碍技术创新。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “protect the public from unnecessary harm caused by new technologies and products without hindering innovation”可知，在不妨碍创新的情况下保护公众免受新技术和新产品造成的不必要伤害，由此可知，保护和创新同等重要。故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“most e-scooter users are probably unaware of the risks”可知，Dr.
62、Joann Elmore认为大多数电动摩托车骑手很可能没有意识到危险。接下来，为了说明这一点，她对一张照片进行了描述。结合描述的内容可推知，她很担心电动摩托车骑手，故选C。 【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文提到的要建立监管和预防伤害的项目以及最后一段的内容可知，此处说的是研究者和政策制定者所面临的挑战是紧跟瞬息万变的社会，保护大众免受新科技、新产品造成的不必要伤害的同时又不妨碍科技创新，hinder侧重指“to make it difficult for sb. to do sth. or sth. to happen”即“阻碍做某事”，此处说的是阻碍（限制）创新，而不是阻止创新，故排除A项
63、。故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ Of the estimated 14,651 e-scooter-related injuries in 2018, 4,658, or 32%, involved the head. “While most people recover from head injuries, there is going to be a subset with long-term disability and life changes ”可知，2018年与电动摩托车有关的受伤事故中，有32%的事故涉及头部受伤，多数伤员即使从头部伤害中恢复过来，也将遭受
64、长期的残疾或在生活上发生改变，故作者写这篇文章旨在唤起人们的危险意识和自我保护意识。故选A项。【点睛】DOur ability to collect data gets far ahead of our ability to fully use it, yet data may hold the key to solving some of the biggest global challenges facing us today.Take, for instance, the frequent outbreaks of waterborne diseases as a consequence
65、 of war or natural disasters. The most recent example can be found in the country, where roughly 10,000 new suspected cases of cholera(霍乱) are reported each week and history is filled with similar stories. What if we could better understand the environmental factors that contributed to the disease,
66、predict which communities are at higher risk, and put in place protective measures to stop the spread? Answers to this question and others like it could potentially help us prevent a catastrophe.As a big data scientist, I studied data from wide-ranging, public sources to identify patterns, hoping to
67、 predict trends that could be a threat to global security. Various data streams are important because the ground truth data (such as surveys) is often delayed, limited, incorrect or, sometimes, nonexistent.For example, knowing the incidence(发生率) of mosquito-borne disease in communities would help us
68、 predict the risk of mosquito-spread disease such as dengue, the leading cause of illness and death in the tropics. However, mosquito data at a global (and even national) level is not accessible.To address this gap, were using other sources such as satellite pictures, climate data and population inf
69、ormation to forecast the risk of dengue. Specifically, we had success in predicting the spread of dengue in Brazil at the regional, state and city level using these data streams as well as clinical observation data and online searchers that used terms related to the disease. While our predictions ar
70、ent perfect, they show promise.Similarly, to forecast the flu season, we have found that online searches can complement(补充) clinical data. Because the rate of people searching the internet for flu symptoms often increases during their beginning, we can predict a sharp increase in cases where clinica
71、l data delays. All of this shows the potential of big data. The information is there; now its time to use it.32. What do the examples in paragraphs 2 and 4 show?A. Big data is still hard to get and use.B. People arent skilled at dealing with big data.C. Big data is not always an imagined method.D. C
72、atastrophes might be prevented with big data.33. According to the text, survey data .A. is a main form of multiple data streamsB. is an effective way to collect informationC. is sometimes unreliable and unavailableD. is a timely alternative to multiple data streams34. What does the underlined part “
73、this gap” in paragraph 5 refer to?A. The lack of big data on mosquitoes.B. The lack of different data streams.C. The risk of an outbreak of a disease.D. The ignorance of how a disease spreads.35. Whats the best title of the text?A. How do we collect and use data?B. What are the challenges facing us
74、now?C. How can big data help save the world?D. What is the answer to preventing catastrophes?【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。我们生活在大数据时代，搜集到的信息可能包含了我们现如今正在面临的全球性挑战的解决办法，有帮助我们阻止灾难发生的潜力。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Answers to this question and others like it could potentially help us prevent a catastroph
75、e.” 对这个问题和其他类似问题的回答可能会帮助我们防止灾难的发生。第二段的事例旨在说明如果有大数据，那么我们也许就可以预防重大灾难的发生；再根据第四段“knowing the incidence of mosquito-borne disease in communities would help us predict the risk of mosquito-spread disease such as dengue,” 了解社区中蚊子传播疾病的发病率将有助于我们预测登革热等蚊子传播疾病的风险，第四段的事例表明大数据能够帮助我们预测由蚊子传播的疾病的风险。这些均说明我们可以利用大数据预测这
76、些疾病的发生率从而防止其大规模蔓延，即阻止这种灾难的发生。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Various data streams are important because the ground truth data (such as surveys) is often delayed, limited, incorrect or, sometimes, nonexistent.” 各种数据流很重要，因为地面真实数据(如调查)经常是延迟的、有限的、不正确的，有时甚至是不存在的。可知，调查数据有时候是不可靠的或者不可用的。故选C。【34题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线部分前面一
77、段中的“However, mosquito data at a global (and even national) level is not accessible.”可知，目前还没有全球（甚至全国）规模的蚊子数据。再结合下文的弥补措施were using other sources such as satellite pictures, climate data and population information to forecast the risk of dengue. 可知，this gap指的就是有关蚊子的大数据的匮乏。故选A项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一段就是本文的中心
78、段，第一段“Our ability to collect data gets far ahead of our ability to fully use it, yet data may hold the key to solving some of the biggest global challenges facing us today.” 我们收集数据的能力远远超过我们充分利用数据的能力，但数据可能是解决我们今天面临的一些最大的全球挑战的关键。接下来作者举了一些例子来支撑自己的观点，作者说明了大数据的潜力，而且告诉我们信息就在那里，是时候使用它了。综合上述信息可知，本文主要围绕利用大数据
79、来帮助我们应对一些现如今正在面临的全球性挑战展开，故选C项。第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tips on How to Connect With Your New Dorm RoommatesThe move from high school to college is very stressful, especially meeting your future roommates. You hope they are normal, friendly persons with whom
80、you can bond for the next months. Some tips for starting a smooth college life and getting along well with your roommates are as follows.Look up their names and phone numbersYou can search the US Phone Book for your roommates numbers and see what you can find online. _36_ You can use them to find ou
81、t what type of music they like or what their hobbies are.Use the emailMeeting a strange roommate is awkward, so try connecting with your roommates before moving in together. _37_ You can tell them where you are from and what are your subjects of interest.You can even call themAfter sending an email,
82、 you can call your future roommates and have a chat about the most important issues. _38_ You cant expect to be best friends right away. Chatting and texting beforehand can help you get used to other persons and will ease the entire process of living together._39_After the initial introduction, you
83、want to know who is going to bring what appliances, if they like to listen to music while studying and how hot or cold they like the room to be. If you are a morning person and your roommates are night owls, things might become complicated.Sharing a bedroom is not an easy thing and you will be stres
84、sed out. _40_ Just try to be yourself when connecting. You will find ways to get along, even if you are completely different.A. This is normal.B. Know their likes and dislikesC. Check out each others lifestyleD. You should learn from each other.E. This will help you get to know each other.F. Send th
85、em a quick email, introducing yourself.G. Usually, the social media accounts are going to show up first.【答案】36. G 37. F 38. E 39. C 40. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了提前与大学新室友沟通交流以及了解对方的具体方法。【36题详解】上一句提到“上网看看你能找到什么”，下一句提到“利用这些弄清他们喜欢什么类型的音乐或者他们的爱好是什么”。G选项“通常，社交媒体账户会首先出现”切题。G项中的“the social media accounts”对应上一句中的“on
86、line”及下一句中的“them”，故G项正确。【37题详解】本段的小标题是“使用电子邮件”，故空处应与发送电子邮件有关。因此，选项F“给他们发一封快速的电子邮件，介绍自己。”切题。故F项正确。【38题详解】此段讲的是你可以给室友打电话聊天。根据上句“发完邮件后，你可以给你未来的室友打电话，聊聊最重要的问题。”空处说明这么做的益处是什么。E选项“有助于相互了解”切题。故E项正确。【39题详解】空处为段落小标题，属于主旨概括句。下文内容：在最初的介绍之后，你想知道谁会带什么电器，是否他们喜欢在学习的时候听音乐，他们喜欢房间热还是冷。 如果你是一个早起的人，你的室友是个夜猫子，事情可能会变得复杂。
87、C选项“看看彼此的生活方式”，为最佳标题。故C选项正确。【40题详解】该句所在段落总结概括全文内容。空前一句说“共享一室并非易事，你会焦虑不安”，下文提到“你会找到办法与室友和睦相处”，故空处应选A项（这很正常）承接上文，起到心理缓解作用，又引出下文，即找到解决办法。故A选项正确。第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Pennsylvania is full of mysterious places! One of those is an old turnpike （
88、收费高速公路） _41_ for decades. My dad loves history, and he learned it was open to the public. _42_, when I was 14, we took a bike trip to _43_ this road!My dad chose a 16-mile _44_ of the road for us to ride. Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long! To _45_, we c
89、hecked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries. In the morning, we loaded our bikes into the car and set off. As we approached the tunnel, I felt _46_ as it was absolutely black inside! But Dad encouraged me. He said he would be beside me. He reminded me to stay _47_ and keep my light on!Wh
90、en we _48_ the tunnel, the sound of our bikes was heard through the darkness. I shined my flash light around and saw walls _49_in graffiti （涂鸦）.And I felt like I was being _50_! I was pretty scared, but _51_ on following Dad helped me relax. After riding half-way through, I could see light coming fr
91、om the other end, motivating me to keep going. And I was so delighted to ride out into the bright afternoon!Whenever going through _52_ in life, I remember this trip. It reminds me that my father is always beside me. He turns on the light of hope in my _53_, as well as gives me _54_ to keep riding t
92、hrough lifes _55_ tunnels.41. A. designedB. destroyedC. abandonedD. locked42. A. HoweverB. OtherwiseC. ThereforeD. Meanwhile43. A. exploreB. constructC. protectD. repair44. A. tunnelB. sectionC. blockD. course45. A. participateB. registerC. cooperateD. prepare46. A. excitedB. nervousC. annoyedD. exh
93、austed47. A. silentB. curiousC. cautiousD. positive48 A. approachedB. observedC. constructedD. entered49. A. coveredB. buriedC. absorbedD. dressed50. A. forcedB. watchedC. abusedD. judged51. A. dependingB. survivingC. callingD. focusing52. A. accidentsB. hardshipsC. regulationsD. incidents53. A. che
94、stB. tripC. workD. heart54. A. courageB. prideC. excitementD. enthusiasm55. A. difficultB. distantC. darkD. long【答案】41. C 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我和爸爸的一次公路探险让我终生难忘每当生活中遇到困难时，它总会提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边，给我战胜困难的希望和勇气。41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：
95、其中一个是废弃了几十年的收费公路。A. designed设计；B. destroyed破坏；C. abandoned遗弃、废弃；D. locked锁住。根据空后的“My dad loves history”可知，因为爸爸喜欢历史，我们才去探险，因此这条收费公路应该是废弃了几十年，故C项正确。【42题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸喜欢历史，他了解到这条公路是对公众开放的，因此，在我14岁时，爸爸带我骑自行车去探索这条公路！A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据句意可知前后是因果关系，此处表示结果，故C项正确。
96、【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. explore探索；B. construct建造；C. protect保护；D. repair修理。空前说爸爸喜欢历史，再结合下文我们在这条公路上的经历可知，爸爸带我骑自行车去探索这条公路，故A项正确。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸选了一个16英里长的路段。A. tunnel隧道；B. section部分、路段；C. block街区；D. course过程。空后一句说该路段包括一条超过一英里长的、名为锡岭山的古老隧道，因此此处是指“一个16英里长的路段”，故B项正确。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了做好准备，我们检查了车胎
97、，并确保车灯里装了电池。A. participate参与；B. register登记；C. cooperate合作；D. prepare准备。空后一句说我们检查了车胎，并确保车灯里装了电池，这些都是公路探险前的准备工作，故D项正确。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们接近隧道时，我非常紧张，因为里面一片漆黑！A. excited兴奋的；B. nervous紧张的；C. annoyed生气的；D. exhausted筋疲力尽的。空后一句说隧道里面一片漆黑，因此我非常紧张，故B项正确。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他提醒我要保持小心谨慎，让车灯开着！A. silent安静的；B
98、. curious好奇的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. positive积极的。空前一句说隧道里一片漆黑，因此爸爸提醒我要保持小心谨慎，故C项正确。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们进入隧道时，我们骑车的叮当声在黑暗中回响。A. approached靠近；B. observed观察； C. constructed建造；D. entered进入。根据上文中的“we approached the tunnel”可知此处发生在“接近隧道”之后，是说我们进入了隧道，故D项正确。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我用闪光灯照了照四周，看到墙上满是涂鸦。A. covered覆盖；B.
99、buried埋葬；C. absorbed吸收；D. dressed穿衣。根据空后的“graffiti”可知，我发现墙壁被涂鸦所覆盖（墙上满是涂鸦），故A项正确。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉自己被墙上的画像注视着。A. forced强迫；B. watched注视；C. abused虐待；D. judged审判。根据常识可知，涂鸦多是表情夸张或面目狰狞的人物画像，因此我感觉自己被墙上的画像注视着，故B项正确。【51题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很害怕，但集中精力跟着爸爸走能让我放松下来。A. depending on依靠；B. surviving on靠活下来；C. calli
100、ng on号召；D. focusing on集中精力于。根据空后的“on following Dad helped me relax”可知，集中精力跟着爸爸走能让我放松下来，故D项正确。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当生活中遇到困难时，我都会想起这次旅行。A. accidents事故；B. hardships艰难困苦；C. regulations条例；D. incidents事件。空后说这次旅行提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边，他点亮了我心中的希望之光，也给了我勇气，让我继续穿过生命的黑暗隧道，此处用隧道比喻生活中的困难，说的是每当生活中遇到困难时，我都会想起这次旅行，故B项正确。【53题详
101、解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它提醒我，爸爸总是在我身边。他点亮了我心中的希望之光，也给了我勇气，让我继续穿过生活中的黑暗隧道。A. chest胸；B. trip旅行；C. work工作；D. heart内心。根据空前的“the light of hope”可知此处是指“心中的希望之光”，故D项正确。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. courage勇气；B. pride自豪；C. excitement兴奋；D. enthusiasm热情。根据上文中“But Dad encouraged me.”可知，在我紧张害怕时，爸爸鼓励我，因此此处是指“给我勇气”，故A项正确。【55题详解】考
102、查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. difficult困难的；B. distant遥远的；C. dark黑暗的；D. long长的。根据上文中的“it was absolutely black inside!”可知，隧道里面一片漆黑，因此此处是指“生活中的黑暗隧道”，故C项正确。【点睛】本篇第4空A项tunnel的干扰性较大，下文中多次出现了tunnel，所以有些同学很容易以为此处是原词复现而误选此项，但根据空后的“Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill which is over a mile long!”可知，该路段包括一
103、条超过一英里长的、名为锡岭山的古老隧道，因此此处是指“一个16英里长的路段”，即：我爸爸选了一个16英里长的路段，故B项（section）正确。第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The abacus (算盘) was a great invention in ancient China. The abacus _56_ (invent) on the basis of small rods (棒). Later, with the _57_ (develop) of productivity, the amount
104、 of calculation was _58_ (great). And calculation with counting rods limited the calculation. Thus, people invented a more _59_ (advance) counterthe abacus.With the application of the abacus, people summarized many abacus rhymes (珠算口诀), _60_ (increase) the calculating speed. By the time of the Ming
105、Dynasty, people could use the abacus in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, _61_ were widely used in calculating weight, amount, space and volume.Since it was easy to make or buy _62_ abacus. And it was also easy to remember abacus rhymes. The abacus was widely used in ancient China.
106、 Later, the abacus was _63_ (gradual) spread into Japan, Korea, America and some countries and regions in Southeast Asia.People find that using abacuses can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition _64_ providing convenient calculation. Since it _65_ (require) cooperation of mind, eye an
107、d hand, it is a good way to improve the comprehensive reaction ability.【答案】56. was invented 57. development 58. greater 59. advanced 60. increasing 61. which 62. an 63. gradually 64. to 65. requires【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国算盘与珠算的起源、发展及其对人的综合反应能力的益处。【56题详解】考查时态语态。句意：算盘是在小棒的基础上发明的。根据句中“in ancient China”可知，句
108、子讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，The abacus与invent之间为逻辑上的被动关系，即算盘被发明，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用单数。故填was invented。【57题详解】考查名词。句意：后来随着生产力的发展，计算量越来越大。作介词with的宾语用名词，develop意为“发展”，动词词性，对应的名词为development，意为“发展”，句中指“生产力的发展”，表抽象意义，不可数，故填development。【58题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：后来随着生产力的发展，计算量越来越大。根据句意可知，这里是把现在的计算量和之前的计算量进行对比，比之前的计算量大，故应
109、用形容词比较级，great意为“大的”，形容词词性，比较级为greater。故填greater。【59题详解】考查形容词。句意：于是，人们发明了一种更先进的计算器算盘。空格后counter意为“计算器”，名词词性，前应用形容词修饰，advance意为“前进”，动词词性，对应的形容词为advanced，意为“先进的”。故填advanced。【60题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着算盘的应用，人们总结出许多珠算口诀，提高了计算速度。句中有谓语动词summarized且句中无连词，故应用非谓语动词。空格处表示自然而然的结果，故应用现在分词，在句中作结果状语，increase的现在分词为increas
110、ing。故填increasing。【61题详解】考查定语从句。句意：到了明代，人们可以使用算盘进行加减乘除运算，广泛应用于计算重量、数量、空间和体积。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为addition, subtraction, multiplication and division，为物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。【62题详解】考查冠词。句意：因为制作或购买一个算盘很容易。句中表示泛指购买“一个”算盘，故应用不定冠词修饰abacus，abacus音标第一个音素为元音音素，故应用不定冠词an修饰，指“一个算盘”。故填an。【63题
111、详解】考查副词。句意：后来，算盘逐渐传入日本、韩国、美国和东南亚一些国家和地区。空格处单词在句中修饰谓语动词“was spread into”，应用副词，gradual意为“逐渐的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为gradually，意为“逐渐地”。故填gradually。【64题详解】考查固定短语。句意：人们发现使用算盘除了可以提供方便的运算外，还可以提高思维和实践能力。句中涉及固定短语“in addition to”，意为“除之外（还）”，to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。句中指“除了可以提供方便的运算外，还可以提高思维和实践能力”，符合句意。故填to。【65题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于它
112、需要心、眼、手的配合，是提高综合反应能力的好方法。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子主语为it，为第三人称单数，require意为“需要”，动词词性，故应用require的第三人称单数形式requires，在句中作谓语。故填requires。第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （满分15分）66. 假定你是李华，打算报名参加2022年北京冬奥会全球志愿者。你的新西兰笔友Tim有相关经验，请你写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 你的打算；2. 寻求帮助；3. 期待回复。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【答案】Dear Tim,I am eager
113、ly planning to apply to be a volunteer for Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. Knowing you have relevant experience, Im writing to ask a favor from you.To begin with, please tell me what I should prepare in advance and since a convincing application is of vital importance, could you give me some dire
114、ction on how to write it? Whats more, I would appreciate it if you could share your volunteer experience with me in detail, which I think will help me become somewhat familiar with this kind of work.Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours truly,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封邮件给新西兰笔友Tim，了解
115、相关情况。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封信；假定你打算报名参加2022年北京冬奥会全球志愿者。你的新西兰笔友Tim有相关经验，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.你的打算；2.寻求帮助；3.期待回复。人称使用第一人称；时态应为一般现在时、一般将来时。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：apply to申请；relevant experience相关经历；ask a favor请求帮助；vital importance至关重要；prepare in advance提前准备；in detail详细等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成
116、文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如To begin with, please tell me what I should prepare in advance as well as the responsibilities and rights of volunteers.宾语从句的运用；Whats more, I would appreciate it if you could share your volunteer experienc
117、e with me in detail, which I think will help me become somewhat familiar with this kind of work.定语从句的运用，全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第二节 （满分25分）67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。On one sunny afternoon in August, Riley and I were over the moon when Mom and Dad sai
118、d we were renting an RV for family camping trip because our family hadnt been out for several months. Mom researched nearby areas for a long time and finally zeroed in on a campground up in the mountains, about five hours away from our home. We packed everything wed needsleeping bags, tents, chairs,
119、 sunscreen, and about a million other thingsinto the RV and headed off to the mountains.On the way, Riley and I talked happily about what we would do in the evening: singing, dancing around the fire, enjoying the moon, and a million other things. Arriving at the campsite, Dad drove past a small offi
120、ce building but then hit the brakes when he saw someone run out and wave for him to stop. Apparently, we needed to stop to register for our campsite.After registering at the front office, Dad drove the RV down to the camping area and parked. “Riley, Sean, you need to help set up the site,” Mom said.
121、 We all pitched in, dragging out our camp chairs, and other supplies, and soon we were ready to kick back and relax. Sitting at the picnic table, I popped opened a bag of chips.“Lets get some music going,” Dad said. “Hey, wheres the electrical hook-up?” “Oh, boy,” Mom said, “We are in the tents-only
122、 area, where theres no electricity. Were not even supposed to be in this area with an RV.” We had no choice but to choose another camping site.Twenty minutes later, wed broken camp and packed everything back in the RV. Mom drove around the campgrounds until we spotted other RVs and then pulled to a
123、stop. After we unpacked everything, I sniffed and was immediately slammed with the most horrible stench Id ever smelled in my entire life. “Were right near the dumpsters!” I groaned. What to do next? Again we had no choice but to find a new one.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 开头已给出。Paragraph 1:We quickly shove
124、d everything back into the RV, and drove to a different spot. _Paragraph 2:Dad finally laughed and said, “Its time to start enjoying this camping trip. Lets get a fire started.”_【答案】Paragraph 1:We quickly shoved everything back into the RV, and drove to a different spot. After making sure there were
125、 no bad smells, or any other problems, we unpacked all the thingsand set up our campsiteagain. When Mom tried to plug in the extension cord, she couldnt find the electrical hook-up, and thats because it was on the other side of the RV! Wed parked in the wrong direction. Dad climbed in the RV and sta
126、rted to turn it around. Pop! There must have been a sharp rock because now the RV had a flat tire. “What do we do nowcall for help?” Mom asked.Paragraph 2:Dad finally laughed and said, “Its time to start enjoying this camping trip. Lets get a fire started.” Facing the dilemma, we had to follow Dads
127、advice. Quickly, a fire was started, and we sat by it, relaxing ourselves from a days exhaustion. In the quiet mountain, under the starry sky, Dad and Mom began to sing, adding pleasant music to the unforgettable night. Though we had several setbacks, it was the best family camping trip Ive ever had
128、.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，8月的一个阳光明媚的下午，父母开着租来的房车带作者和Riley去露营，作者和Riley很开心。到了营地，大家开始搭建露营地，但发现这个地区没有电，家人别无选择的离开了营地；车行二十分钟后，发现其它房车，停车查看情况，却闻到了最可怕的臭味，附近有垃圾堆，作者和家人别无选择地再次离开。【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：我们迅速地把所有的东西都塞回房车里，开到另一个地方，所以本段应该写到了另一个露营地所发生的事情。第二段开头是：爸爸终于笑了，说:“是时候开始享受这次野营旅行了。让我们生火吧。”,本段应该写遇到了一些挫折后，家人一起
129、战胜了挫折，这是作者和家人有生以来最棒的一次家庭露营旅行。注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，要检查续写内容是否符合题目要求。【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：When Mom tried to plug in the extension cord, she couldnt find the electrical hook-up, and thats because it was on the other side of the RV! 这句话运用了when引导的时间状语从句和because引导的表语从句；本文也使用了一些固定词组，如make sure ;turn around等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
