1、阅读理解题型专讲专练【细节理解题】做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题就是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫读法外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法及技巧。查阅是在读者对材料有所熟悉的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻求答案，它往往与略读综合使用。第一招直接细
2、节理解题答案与原文挂钩，在文中可直接找到答案，但往往与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断，此类试题在高考中占大多数。其常见命题方式有：1、特殊疑问句形式。以what, who, when, where, which, how much / many 等引出的问题；2、是非题。通常以true / false, not true / false 提问以及以according to the text
3、开头；3、填空题。通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节；4、就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。第二招 略读材料，大概了解全文，掌握其中心或主旨。第三招 按文章的体裁，如记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式和有关的信息词，如for example, first, second 等预测应该到何处寻求自己所需要的事实。段落的组织形式常见的有时间型段落、空间型段落、列举型段落、例证型段落、程序型段落和对比型段落等。如时间型段落和空间型段落要凭借表达时间和空间的信息词按时间和空间的组织形式进行查读，寻找有关细节。第四招 将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z型扫读，直到找
4、到含细节句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对、比较内容，直至找到答案。第五招了解细节题干扰选项的特点也能有助于提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有以下五个特点：是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；符合常识，但不是文内容；与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；部分正确，部分错误。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语甚至一个单词，因此需要我们阅读中格外仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。【试题分析】1、直接信息理解题细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要的细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推论或结
5、论的时候）能准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住关键信息，直接得出答案。有时需要词句意的转换理解，将获得的信息用同义或近义的形式复述出来。NMET设计了许多这样的同义转换理解题，具体的要求是为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型找到正确的释义。例如： The World Trade Organization (WTO), founded on January 1, 1995, aims to encourage international trade to flow as possible, making sure that trade agreements are respecte
6、d and that any disputes can be settled.In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well known as one of the worlds most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Money Fund.The system of global rules for international trade, however, da
7、tes back half a century to 1948 when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was formed after World War II.As time went by, is became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks-the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes. After seven years of tra
8、de talks ending in 1994, the so-called Uruguay Round finally give birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property.Even after seven years of talks and 22, 500 pages of agreements, there were still problems, espe
9、cially the difficulty to deal with areas of agriculture and services, which the member nations agreed to revise in 2000, The WTO, with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join.总述：本文主要介绍了世贸组织的演变过程，即由最初的关贸总协定，到后来的乌拉圭回合谈判，到1995年1月1日成立的世贸组织，其演变经历了大半个世纪，使其成为世界上最大的国际经济组织。45.
10、 From the passage we know that the GATT stopped working _.A. soon after World War II ended B. a little more than 50 years after World War II C. just in the year 1994 D. seven years before the Uruguay Round talk46. Compared with the GATT, the WTO _.A. didnt pay enough attention to services and intell
11、ectual propertyB. got its members to sign the agreements more easilyC. has got to many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectivelyD. can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade47. In the new century the WTO will _.A. take the place of the World Bank and In
12、ternational Monetary FundB. have more members and settle more problemsC. make complete new rules in every area of international tradeD. have new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property本文后的这三个题都是细节理解题。其中45题，由文第五段中，After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994, the so-called Urugu
13、ay Round finally give birth to the WTO作为原句，因此先C。 46题仍由文第五段原句complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property。可以看出选D。 47题问的是“在新世纪，世贸组织将如何？”由文中第六段最后一句The WTO, with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to
14、join.可知选B。【猜测词义题】第一招利用上下文语境线索上下文线索猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如：If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I dont like to be with him. A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken 根据I dont like to be with him我们感受到说话人的语气。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么
15、，他要邀请我出去是不可能的 他就大错特错了。因此答案D。练习： （1）A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. （2）The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezin
16、g. （3）All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. （4）For people who live within a stones throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. （5）The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke whic
17、h filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles. 答案：（1）五金店（2）温和的（3）坍塌（4）一步之遥（5）大火灾(6). Charlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “Weve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.
18、”The underlined wore “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _.A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin分析：本题正确答案为D。由原文中的Euro（欧元，欧洲统一货币）可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。(7). In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the worlds greatest mathematical 17th century,
19、the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the wo
20、rd “baffle” as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit peoples imagination.分析：本题正确答案为B。 从短文中对Fermats Last Theorem一书的介绍中有the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical
21、minds一句，句中两个并列的谓语动词baffled 和beaten ,意义相同，加强语气，从beat的本意就可以猜测出baffled 为“使（某人）困惑，难倒”。(8). Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houngs deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from
22、others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work. 42. The underlined word “donation” in Paragraph 3 probably means _.A. invitation to give a speech B. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interviewers D. chances to be a hero分析：由本段可以看出：
23、洪家里很穷，但他拒绝别人对他的“donation”，他说他很感谢人们好心的馈赠，但他能够靠打工的钱来养活自己和妹妹，由此可以判断出donation和后文的offer，是近义词，也是馈赠之意。因此选B。第二招利用定义和解释性线索根据定义或解释猜测词义阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。1. 直接定义：如果生词是句
24、子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 如： In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 根据上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是 “困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent等。2. 同位语：构成同位关
25、系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, ie. 等副词或短语出现。 3. 定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。如： The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧羊人”。(2010年四
26、川师大附中高三模拟题) You should never put a cotton swab or other object into the ear canal. But you can use a swab or cloth to clean the outer part of the ear. The experts agree with the old saying that you should never put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear.()What does a “swab” mostly probably mea
27、n?A. something soft, small and used in clinicsB. something hard, long and used at homeC. something thin, wet and like an elbowD. something safe, big and like a toy 【答案及解析】A根据But you can use a swab or cloth to clean the outer part of the ear. 可判断or后面的名词cloth与swab是同位关系，据此可以判断swab是一种用来清洗耳朵等部位的棉制或布制的医药用
28、品，即“棉签”。如：Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies(军用物资),while others carried only passengers.分析：such as后所列举物品均为“货物”，由此推断cargo的意思相同，和后面的passengers形成对比。练习(1)Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things fr
29、om the shop without paying for them.（2）The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play. （3）Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. （4）The word “lefty” means
30、a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs.（5）Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing. （6）A person who has the SARS （非典型肺炎）may have symptoms like coughing and
31、a high temperature. （7）(2011湖南卷C篇) The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian el
32、ephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. 67. The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “_”. A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination 答案：(1)商店里偷东西的人（2）职业的（3）盗窃癖（4）左撇子“的”（5）久坐的（6）症状（7）思路点拨：C文中divergence of the two species指代前文the African Savanna ele
33、phant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species, divergence与distinct同义替换，对应选项C。(7)1. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.分析：根据句意，maladies of the instit
34、utionalized应和后面的解释意思相同，综合后面的内容可得知其意为：“（老年）综合症”。(8). Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资),while others carried only passengers.分析：such as 后所列举物品均属“货物”，由此推断cargo的意思与之相同，和后句中的passengers形成对比。(9). Scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get
35、 penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is , substances that kill germs. 分析：从that is 后的解释可看出antibiotics 是一种能杀死细菌的物质（抗生素）。(10). Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.分析：从marine biology 后的同位语可知，ma
36、rine biology是一门研究海洋动植物及其关系的学科。(11). Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.分析：从后面的定语从句解释可看出，shoplifter为在“商店里偷东西的人”。第三招利用因果关系在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。如： Tom is consi
37、dered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。因果关系的语境，通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such that 等连词体现。1. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. jazz:
38、 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?Dont give me that jazz, for
39、 I am a practical person.A. Rhythmic beats. B. A type of music. C. A kind of dance. D. Meaningless talk.分析：本题正确答案为D。从后面的原因for I am a practical person可知，说话的人说自己是一个讲究实际的人，因此，他或她让对方不要说空话。2. The biggest power failure happened yesterday. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.分析：melted “溶化”。既然停电，必然
40、造成冰激凌和冷冻食品的“溶化”。3. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped each other out of the house to the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn.分析：colla
41、psed“瘫倒”。经过一番艰难脱险之后，他们呼吸短促，咳嗽不断，最终“瘫倒”在草坪上。第四招利用反义词或反义关系有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike, although, but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, intead of, rather than等信息词。如： Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I k
42、now. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast(相对照的，相对比的)提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest(谦卑又谦虚)是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。 再如：One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite
43、 the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.A. Quite right. B. Time enough. C. Most unlike. D. Just the opposite.分析：由前句中perfect information到后面imperfect information这一组对比关系的词，我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。如1. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dis
44、sented.2. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.答案 1。 不同意 2。 不英俊3. “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.”The underlined word “cultivated”(Paragraph 1) roughly means _.A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed分析：本
45、题正确答案为D。 从上句的对比可知，领导能力不是swallowed down,而是慢慢培养的。4 One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse , business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.Which of the following can be used in place of “q
46、uite the reverse”?A. Quite right. B. Time enough. C. Most unlikely D. Just the opposite.分析：由前句中perfect information到后imperfect information这一组对比关系的词，我们不难推断应表示“对比、相反”的意思，因此答案应选D。5. Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked, We passed the time telling stories.分析：被困在电梯中，应该是“慌张”，“不安”。But
47、引出转折，“我们讲故事消磨时间”，因此panicked应为“慌张、惊恐”之意。6. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quite homogeneous.分析：文unlike表明日本和美国在人口组成方面不同，由此可见，homogeneous与many different nationalities 意义相反，即of the same nationality,“单一民族的”。第五招利用同义线索和同等关系同义词替换可以为我们推
48、测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有similarly, like, just as, also, as well等。如： Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间为类比关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属一范畴。只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概意思。在句子或段落中
49、，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。如： Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 作者为避免重复使用endanger一词用其同义词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知jeopardize词义为“使陷入危险，危及、危害”。 1. 我们
50、可以根据上下文与生词密切相关的句子，对生词进行合情合理同时合乎上下文语境的推测。我们也可以根据生词后举出的有关例子进行适当归纳，猜测生词的词义。例如： You can take any of the periodicals:_The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. 根据下文举出的英语杂志名称可知，periodicals是“期刊”之意。根据上下文及生活常识猜测词义 2. 有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如： The sn
51、ake slithered through the grass. 根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither的词义为“爬行”。(2010年湖南省六校联考) But sometimes I just feel loath to talk to these people. Sometimes, I just want to be alone, quietly, without being forced to listen to their gossip or other useless words.()The underlined word “loath” in this parag
52、raph has the closest meaning to _.A. unwilling B. eagerC. pleased D. hurt【答案及解析】A根据后面的语境“我宁愿安静地独处，不愿意去听这些闲言碎语”，可见作者“不愿意”与这些人说话。故loath是“不愿意”之意。练习1. Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist i
53、n the US today. The main reason? Roadkill.分析：从后面的同谓语an endangered wild cat可知“ocelot”是一种野生猫。2. mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.分析：句中mansion应和church, battle site, theatre and other public halls 的词义同属“建筑物或场所”这一范畴。3. We should, therefore, learn to choose our
54、 words carefully and use them accurately, of they will make our speech silly and vulgar.分析：句中vulgar应和silly 意义相近，“粗俗的，庸俗的”。第六招利用例证性线索 某些冷僻的词汇后会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。Such as, like, for example, for instance等连接性词语往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的名词。1. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language T
55、eaching in School, of English learning.分析：通过后面的举例：英语世界，中小学外语教学，英语学习，说明periodicals为“期刊杂志”。2. Many United nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.分析：通过例举Mr. Simpson一人通晓五国语言，说明许多联合国雇员都是“通晓多国语言”。第七招根据构词法 阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。教学大纲已经明确地将
56、构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。英语单词的构成方法主要有三种，即复合法、派生法和转化法。英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)、词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前头或后头加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头、词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易地猜测所构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： 根据构词法来猜测词义super(超), inter(在之间), able(能的), mini(极少的，微型的)，micro(极微小的), re(再，反复), sub(分支的，底下), co(共同
57、), post(后), pre(前), trans(超越；转换), under(在之下；低于；不足), hood(状态；性质；时期), ish(如的；有点儿的); proof(防的；不能穿透的), scope(景), ship(身份；资格；权力；性质), some(易于的), wards(向), mis(误；恶), un(不；非), in(不；非), im(不； 非), dis(不), non (不；非)，less(不；无), anti(反；防), sino(中国)。如： He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious,_for a few
58、minutes. 根据词根conscious(清醒的，有意识的)，结合前缀semi(半，部分的，不完全的), 我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。(2010年广东华南师大附中高三综合测试)Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts. Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have
59、 killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, a research that someday could help prolong your life. ()The underlined word “prolong” in the paragraph means _. A. save B. protect C. lengthen D. improve【答案及解析】C可根据构词法来判断词义。prolong 是个派生词，前缀pro是“支持，亲”之意，long是“长”之意，故可判断prolong是“延长(寿命)”的意思。代词that/it/they/
60、them所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中，找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看看这句话是否合理，与前面的内容是否一致，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。判断代词的确指对象1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗 ”，由此可猜出
61、anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析：simplified跟simple是同根词，带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。许多年以前我们采用了什么跟“简单”有关的汉字呢？不难想到是“简化的”汉字。第八招注意熟词生义英语中大量的词汇具有多义性，其含义并非完全等同于词典所标
62、注的汉语意思，具体的词义需要在一定的上下文中体现出来。阅读理解中的熟悉词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有量的规定，不得超过3%；其二，熟悉词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟悉词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。下题中划线的词可换为：1. New York, 10 November, 5:27 p.m.,yesterday. Biggest power failure in the citys history.A. enough B. not passing C. lack of D. lack分析：本题正确答案为D。fail
63、ure是fail 变来的名词，有“失败；失败者；失败的事”的意思。本句power failure可翻译为“停电”。再如：crop failure“庄稼欠收”；heart failure“心力衰竭”。2. A bike tour and race will be held in August 26 and 27. At 5:30 a .m. , the riders will leave Tianan Men square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training lge . Then the next 55 kilometers from Y
64、anjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive part for the tour.A. race B. practice C. part of the training D. part of the tour分析：本题正确答案为D。从first 35 kilometers可看出，自行车赛车手从天安门出发，开始的三十五公里作为赛程的一部分，从后句legwill be part of the tour也可确定答案为D。第九招根据常识或经验猜测词义在阅读中碰到生词时，我们有时可以运用逻辑推理能力、自身的生活经验及生活常识去推断生词的含义。当然也要结合
65、语境。1. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.The underlined phrase “mopping up ” in the second paragraph means _.A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving up分析：本题正确答案为B。由常识可知，雨林可以“吸收”空气中CO2。所以mop up 意为“吸收、吸纳”，故选B。
66、另外根据下文Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tones of CO2 each year 也可推知答案。2. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop . She pushed past the desk and as the nurse looked up. Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floor.” 分析：从文中可看出，母亲用mop从桌子前面擦过去，还说了一句“地板真脏”。不言而
67、喻mop的词义是“拖把”。第十招利用词性转化1. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled nature with the basic tools they had.分析：此处picture为动词，“使脑海中出现图画”即“描绘”.在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥便理想象，从而概括抽象出它的新词义。2. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-educa
68、tion, medicine, and business.The underlined work “aging” means _.A. counting the number of years someone livesB. the numbers of years someone livesC. becoming olderD. making someone looking older分析：本题正确答案为C。我们熟悉的是age作名词用时是“年龄”的意思，而此处是作动词用，意思是“老化”。【主旨大意】这类题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一
69、般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。常见的设题方式有： 1) Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage? 2) What is the writer trying to tell us? 3) Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 4) The purpose of the passage is. 5) The main (general) idea of the passage is. 6) The passag
70、e is mainly about. 7) What is mainly discussed in the passage?这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，一些文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，也有一些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。 做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。 主题句在整个语段中起着
71、通领全段的作用，其它句子都是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的，其位置一般位于段首，也见于段尾或段中。 另外在许多文段中，设有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 这就需要进一步加工概括了。第一招在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览
72、法。浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句。重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。有些文章的主题句或者说“文眼”出现在文章的最后，此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳文章的主旨大意，所以有时要找出这样的信息，从中提炼标题或归纳大意。例如：河北唐山市高三第二次模拟考试题E篇：In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive
73、. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers life more enjoyable, it doesnt actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned,
74、 the variety is not an important factor.Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem was that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in fixed way. Thus freedom of choice may be important, there i
75、s usually very little that can be done to create it .Another important consideration is how much each worker contributed to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines
76、 rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we do something about.To what extent more money led to greater productivity
77、? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more
78、 interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.59. In this passage, the author mainly talks about _.A. how to make the workers contribute moreB. possible ways leading to greater productivityC. to what extent more money leads to greater product
79、ivityD. how to make workers jobs more interesting分析：本文就如何能使工人们的工作效率得到提高而进行讨论。根据作者文中所提到的观点，就工人们的工作效率问题专家们提到了很多不同的观点，如使工作多样化、给工人们更多的自由时间、使工人们意识到自己工作的重要性以及增加工资等等，而作者的观点是尽可能地使工作更有趣，以吸引工人的兴趣，从而达到提高生产效率的目的，因此59题的正确答案应该是B，即提高工人们工作效率的措施的方法。第二招抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在
80、这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语，或光看文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的重点，考虑文章中材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心来安排的。最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。即不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。例如：Many people think a telephone is essential. But I think its a pest and a time waster. Very often you find it impossible to escape from some idle or curio
81、us chatterbox, or from somebody who wants something for nothing. If you have a telephone in your own house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you are asleep, of in the middle of a meal or a conversation, or when you are just going out, or when you are taking your bath. Are you strong-minded
82、enough to ignore it, to say to yourself, “Ah, well, it will all be the same in a hundred years time?” You are not. You think there are maybe some important news or messages for you . I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Havent you ever rushed drip
83、ping from the bath, or chewing from the table, or dazed from the bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number?But you will say, you need not have your name printed in the telephone directory, and you can have a telephone which is only unable for outgoing calls. Besides you will say, isnt it impo
84、rtant to have a telephone in case of emergency-illness, an accident, or fire? Of course you are right, but here in a thickly populated country like England, one is seldom far from a telephone in case of dreadful necessity.I think perhaps I had better try to justify myself by trying to prove that wha
85、t I like is good. I admit that in different circumstances-If you were a business VIP, for instance, or a bed ridden person-I might find a telephone essential. But then if I were a taxi driver, I should find a car essential.Let me put it another way: there are two things for which the English seem to
86、 show particular talent. One is mechanical invention, the other is literature. My own business happens to be with the use of words but I see I must now stop using them. For I have just been handed a slip of paper to say that somebody is waiting to speak to me on the telephone. I think I had better a
87、nswer it .After all, one never knows, it may be something important.41. The passage is mainly about _.A. that we should be strong enough to ignore a phone callB. that important message will reach you sooner or later C. whether its necessary to answer all telephone callsD. whether it is necessary to
88、have a telephone分析：文章每一自然段的主题句分别是：1. Many people think a telephone is essential. But I think its a pest and a time waster. 2. but in a thickly populated country like England, one is seldom far from a telephone in case of dreadful necessity. 3. I think perhaps I had better try to justify myself by tr
89、ying to prove that what I like is good. 4. Let me put it another way. 都是围绕是否有必要拥有电话而展开的，作者的观点很明确，就是没有必要拥有一部电话机，因此本题应选D。第三招抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。如：Tom Brennan was working in a Philadel
90、phia office building when he noticed a black bag. The bag contained a book.This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasurea 120-page diary dept 190 years age by Deborah Logan, “a woman who knew everybody in her day,” James Green, the libra
91、rian told the magazine American Libraries.Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia. It also includes a description of British soldiers burning Washington. D. C in the war of 1812. She describes President James Madison on horseback as “perfectly shaking with fear” during the troubl
92、ed days. George Washington, she writes, mistook her for the wife of a French man and praised her excellent English.The adventure of the lost book began on September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancestor to the Library Company, which he and his wife considered
93、 to be the best home for the diary.Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possession “about five minutes” when Luxmoore took it back because he had promised to show it to one other person. On returning to his hotel after showing the precious book to Green, Luxmoore was shocked to real
94、ize that he had left it in the taxi.Without any delay, Green began calling every taxi company in the city, with no luck, “Ive felt sick since then” Luxmoore told reporters.According to Green on one has yet learned how the diary came to the office building.Tom Brennan received a reward of 1,000, Phil
95、adelphia gained another treasure for its history, and Luxmoore told reporters, “Its wonderful news. Im on high.”51. This article mainly tells about the story of “_”.A. A lost diary B. Deborah C. Cory Luxmoore D. The Library Company分析：解题时必须首先理顺文章时间顺序：1. Deborah Logan kept a 120-page diary 190 years a
96、go.2. Cory Luxmoore delivered the diary to the library Company.3. James Green, the librarian, had the diary in his possession about five minutes.4. Cory Luxmoore left the diary in the taxi.5. Tom Brennan noticed a black bag which contained a book (the diary).从以上的时间顺序中，可以清楚地看到5个时间段内所发生的事情均与the diary有
97、关，它就是贯穿全文的主线，故此题应选A。【文章的标题】标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想的最精炼的表达形式，它的特点是：短小精炼，多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，即不能太大，也不能太小，恰如帽子，太大能遮了眼睛，太小则发挥不了应起的作用且风一吹必跑；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表达的程度及色彩。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图，那么如何选择文章的标题呢？第一招要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；再看它对文章的概
98、括性或覆盖面如何；然后要注意题目是否过大或过小，要避免下列三种错误：概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；以事实、细节替代抽象的大意。要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，与控制性的概念词按一定的语法浓缩为概括句意或中心思想的词组。例如：2006石家庄市高中毕业班第二次模拟考试题C篇People say teenagers are no good. They make too much noise in shopping malls; they drive recklessly up and do
99、wn Americas main streets; they carry chips on their shoulders as big as the Sears Tower. And at least some of the time those things are true. But we shouldnt forget that there are hard moments in the life of a teenager too.I watched such a moment not long ago at a womans funeral. I didnt expect the
100、event to affect me. Through much of the ceremony, in fact I remained unmoved.Then her teenage grandson stepped forward. With his first very deep breath, every heart in that church was achingly reminded of something we had all forgotten. Softly he began: “I want to share a few values that Nana taught
101、 me. She never failed to see light in any situation. If our family dog should attack her, what would Nana say?” “Oh, what beautiful markings that dog has!” That was Nana.“She was a strong woman who often lived in the shadow of my grandpa, who was a successful businessman in the city. But she was the
102、 one behind the scenes who provided the strength and support for Grandpas career,” he said, with a voice now trembling. “That was Nanas way.”Through a sob, he continued, “Whenever she did anything worth recognition, youd have to hear about it from a different source, because she was never the one to
103、 brag.”Finally, in a voice breaking free of sorrow, he looked up and said, “Nana taught me courage. She put up an incredible fight to the end, when she died peacefully, which is how she lived her life. That was Nanas way, and I hope I can carry on in the asme manner.”There are no hearts as sensitive
104、 as those of teenagers, because everything is happening to them for the first time. The trouble with the teenagers is that they havent learnt to be controlled.When that boy rose to speak about the woman who surely had truest ally and dearest friend, his honest voice dragged each of us out into the o
105、pen where could no longer hide in the calm ritual. He exposed us to the truth about this very real woman who believed in a boy who probably tried the patience of many adults. He reminded us that his grandmother was more than another dot on the chart of life and death.All over again we felt those pow
106、erful losses crisscrossing our own hearts. As we know, when you say goodbye to a beloved grandparent, you say goodbye to something happy, something young in yourself, and even if something never really returns, the pain never really goes away.52. Which of the following might be the best title for th
107、e passage?A. A Moving Funeral B. Are Teenagers Always Light-hearted?C. Teenagers Are No Good D. A Teenager And His Grandma分析：本文通过作者在一个葬礼上所看到的一位少年对其祖母的感情的表白，来说明青少年并非总是玩世不恭，因此本题正确答案应该是B，用疑问句作为文章题目更能引起读者的深入思考。第二招有些文章，比如记叙文，主题思想不是通过一两句话就可以表达的。这时就需要阅读全文，抓住关键字眼或主要论题来归纳文章主题。例如：河北省保定市高三模拟试题A篇“Jingle bells,
108、jingle bells, jingle all the way” goes the popular Christmas tune. With the song in my head, I felt a bit sorry for myself. Instead of rushing back and forth across a freezing school campus, I could have had a cozy Christmas dinner at home or enjoyed the fabulous fireworks lighting up campus at nigh
109、t. But this Christmas would not be celebrated as usual.One month ago, all six girls in my dormitory (including me )had made detailed plans for a more-exciting-than-ever Christmas holiday. But one day we received an unusual mission: we were asked to organize a party that would be a fund-miser for men
110、tally disabled children from the hospital. The children would perform on stage while volunteers offered food to the spectators and collect some money for the organization.Naturally, we were supposed to support the ideas wholeheartedly, and we did. But the date of the show was set right on Christmas
111、Eve! This meant that all our original Christmas plans would have to be set aside.However, we took the plunge into preparations for the party. We spared no effort in organizing, designing, propagandizing, making contacts with the potential sponsors, negotiating and so on. We went through thick and th
112、in and finally made it, though with a bit of reluctance.Finally, Christmas Eve arrived. As I dragged myself into the auditorium, I discovered the notes of a beautiful Christmas song that immediately filled me with happiness. I looked to find the source of the song it was a group of children singing
113、on stage. Though disabled, they appeared extraordinarily earnest and sincere in front of the audience. Everyone attending was deeply moved by the sight. People wanted to donate some money or show their support. The performance earned recognition and respect from all of us.At that point, I found that
114、 all I had done in the one-month time was worthwhile. And all my classmates who had been participating in this Christmas party shared the same feeling: getting the true meaning of Christmas and receiving the love from one another.41. What would be the best title for the text?A. Christmas on stage B.
115、 An unusual ChristmasC. Christmas party D. Volunteers for disabled children分析：本文是作者通过自己的一次圣诞晚会的经历，来表达他本人的心理变化。在圣诞节前的一个月里，作者和其他同学被安排为精神残疾的孩子组织一场圣诞晚会，作者心里很不情愿，所以在排练时敷衍了事，但当晚会开始时，他们听到了残疾孩子的合唱后深受触动，他们这时才觉得他们的这次圣诞活动非常有意义。文章中没有明确的主题句，但通过阅读我们可以理解到本文始终贯穿的一条主线就是“一个非同寻常的圣诞节”，所以这就是文章的主题，故本题选B。【推理判断】推理判断题要求考生在爱
116、理解原文的基础上，根据文章所阐述的事实死结和上下问的按时及线索进行综合分析，然后进行判断，引申或得出合情合理的结论。因此，考生不仅要掌握文章的表层意思还要理解其深层的内涵，不仅要掌握已言明的观点和倾向，还要获得字里行间的信息。 此题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。考生因找准文中提供的相应的文字信息，特别是关键词语，把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文的逻辑关系来判断，并能领悟文字的弦外之音。也可以借助常识或文化背景来判断。推理题在提问中常用的词有： infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。 推理判
117、断常见的命题方式有： We can infer from the passage that the author _. The main purpose of the survey is to _. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? What would the author probably discuss in the passage that follows? The underlined sentenced in the second paragraph implied that _ The passage is p
118、robably taken from a _. 因此，常见的推测题有：一、写作意图推测题： 此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这类题型不仅要求考生能理解文章的内容，而且还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及写作手法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。例如： Earthquake may rightly ranked as one of the most disastrous forces known to man: since record began to be written do
119、wn, it has been estimated (估计) that earthquake-related deaths have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake-related loss has been beyond calculation The great majority of all earthquake occurred in two particular areas in history It is doubtful that man will be ever be able to control earthquak
120、es and get rid of their damage altogether .But as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur. Q: The authors purpose in writing the passage probably is to _. A. inform the reader B. entertain the re
121、ader C. support a theory D. question a theory 分析： 文章第一段介绍地震给人类造成的危害，第二段分析地震频发的地方，第三段分析地震预防方面的前景， 因此可以推断写作目的不是娱乐，也不是就某一理论提出质疑，而是给读者提供一些信息，教育读者。答案是A。二、态度、观点判断题： 作者的态度、思想倾向是指对作者陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，对记述和描写的人、物或事件等是赞扬、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰的词语中。因此，在推理判断的过程中，因特别注意作者的措辞。例如： Why isnt you
122、r newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery and death. Frankly, Im sick of all the bad news. Q: The authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform 分析： 作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只刊登不好的新闻，如凶杀、行贿、死亡等，二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪，故最佳答案是A 。三、逻辑结
123、论题： 此类题是严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点进行推理，得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。要首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的事实，然后按要求判断。例如：Just as crying can be healthy, not crying holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering can be bad for physical (身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood p
124、ressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a natural and healthy emotional response (反应).61, It can be inferred from the text that _.Athere are two ways to keep healthy B
125、crying does more good to health than laughingCcrying and laughing play the same rolesDemotional health has a close relationship to physical health （D）四、预测推断题：有些题目要求考生根据语境对可能出现的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题目应把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较科学的预测。例如：With the past in mind, preparations for 2006 season included sweeping cha
126、nges on both the technical and personal sides. The management at Toyota Motorsport GmbH was restructed, with John Howett moving from Toyota Motor Marketing Europe to become President, thus enabling the company founder, Ove Anderson, more time to concentrate the operation of the race team at the trac
127、k. Andersons value as an inspirational leader was one of the teams biggest asserts(财富) in 2005. Q: What will the next paragraph talk about if the passage goes on?A. Preparations for the 2006 season. B. The value of Ove Anderson C. How to improve the European market? D. Changes on technical side分析：本段
128、第一句介绍球队备战2006赛季经历了技术和人事安排上的巨大变化，紧接着陈述集体的人事安排，因此，下问应介绍技术层面的变化，所以，正确答案是D。五、细节推断题 要求学生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动。但它并非无章可循。 推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和
129、线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。例: (2011江苏卷B篇)Your National Park watchdogAttractionsDo you：Love the National Park，value it and hope to safeguard its future?Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected?Like to enjoy peaceful，informal recreation within the Park?Aims The Friends organization aims are to h
130、elp protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy.We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.Activities We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular talks and visits to interesting pla
131、ces in the Park with expert guides. We keep an eye on planning applications，Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes.We work with likeminded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective. We help children to u
132、nderstand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools.BenefitsGuided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public.All members receive our regular News and Views.Talks by experts in their fields on cur
133、rent issues.A discount is available on Friends items for sale.Satisfaction of participation in work parties, for those willing and able to be involved. If interested，please complete the Application Form at www.fpnp.org.uk.60. Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization? A. To b
134、uild massive complexes for public amusement. B. To prevent possible damages to the National Park. C. To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy. D. To sponsor publications and projects in local schools. 思路点拨：应用文，以海报形式呈现，内容：关于国家公园的介绍以及征募会员介绍。 60. A推理题。要注意问题是discouraged by， 通过文章第三大标题Activit
135、ies第二段第一句We keep an eye on planning applicationssuch as massive leisure complexes.可以推断出选A是Friends organization所不支持的，为正确选项。考生做题时一定要整体理解语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去把握作者的“弦外之音”。首先，考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文，仅凭个人的看法主观臆断。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因
136、果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。第三，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用canning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证（opinion and fact）、原因与结果（cause and effect）、主观点与次观点（main idea and supporting idea）。第一招
137、抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。第二招 整合全文（段）信息进行推断做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目有关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论，忌“见树不见林”。例如：2005北京卷E篇Brain-injured boy set for 1.75m payoutA YOUNGSTER who was knocked off his tricycle by a serious brain injury is set to be awarde
138、d 1.75 million.Fourteen-year-old George Currie, from Dalkeith was living in County Durham with his parents Allister and Paula at the time of the accident in September 1993.George, who was then three years old, was riding his small tricycle along the pavement(人行道)when he lost control and swerved (突然转
139、向) on to the road into the path of an on-coming taxi.The drivers insurance(保险) company has now accepted responsibility for the accident and New Castle County Court is expected to rule on the payout on Monday. TOP 10Florida counties with the most accidents in 2004:1. Monroe (98) 2. Palm Beach (65) 3.
140、Pinellas (64) 4. Broward (59)5. Miami-Dade(54) 6.Okaloosa (34) 7. Orange (24)8. Bay (22) 9. Lee (21) 10. Collier (21)Boating accidents reduceLee and Collier counties tied at No. 10 for boating accidents in Florida in 2004, an improvement for both.But because the counties remained in the top 10 among
141、 Floridas 67 counties, safety continues to be a concern, officials said. Teens react to new law on driving permitLawmakers may hope to make teenage drivers drive more safely, but tome local teens behind the wheel feel angry following the passing of Senate Bill 36 last week.SB 36 is a law that limits
142、 times new teen drivers can drive and the number of passengers they can carry. Road accidents take costly tollTraffic accidents kill more than one million people each year, injure tens of millions more and cost developing countries twice as much as they receive in international aid, the leader of a
143、research body said Wednesday.The figures have led experts to form an international roadsafety network to choose the most important research areas, inform policy makers and help develop ways to prevent accidents, particularly in poor nations.75. Which passage would give more intormation on the preven
144、tion of road accidents?A. B. C. D. 分析：此题需要综合全文信息进行判断推理。Passage “Brain-injured boy set for 1.75m payout”报道了被一辆出租车撞成严重脑伤的孩子等待了漫长的十年才得到赔偿的消息。文中没有提及防范交通事故的信息。排除选项A Passage “Boating accidents reduce”报道了boating accidents 的情况与road accidents 无关，故淘汰B项。Passage “Teens react to new law on driving permit”报道了十几岁的
145、司机对新驾照法的反应，并没有提及road accidents,排除C项。Passage “road accidents take costly toll”先报道了世界上每年交通事故所付出的惨重代价（traffic accidents kill more than one million people each year, injure tens of millions more and cost developing countries twice as much as they receive in international aid, the leader of a research bo
146、dy said wednesday）然后专家建立一个国际道路安全网络去选择重点研究的地区，最后通知决策者找出防止交通事故发生的有效方法（the figures have led experts to form an international road safety network to choose the most important research areas, inform policy makers and help develop ways to prevent accidents, particularly in poor nations）故选D。第三招 利用语境的褒贬性进行信
147、息推断几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子对我们掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。例如：2006浙江金华十校高三联考试卷E篇Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always evil and usually foolish, but in the pas
148、t the human race managed to live with it. Modern skill has changed this. Either man will end war, or war will end man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons(核武器) that cause the greatest danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeeded i
149、n stopping war, there would be no danger for us. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not by contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by talking in accordance with agreed rules of law.
150、 It is not easy to change old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.Some people hold completely false attitudes towards how to prevent war. In fact, they are willing to go to war in support of them. However the movements of the world opinion during the past two years has changed very lar
151、gely such as we can welcome. It has become a common belief that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course, very difficulit problems remain in the international world but the attitude towards them is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful man who decide
152、 whether we shall leave or die, that agreements should be reached, even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be west, but between man and the bomb.56. from the first paragraph we can know that _.A. we may face greater threat from weaponsB. chemical weapons
153、are less dangerous than nuclear weaponsC. mans idea of victory has changedD. dangerous weapons are forbidden in modern society58.The author believes that the only way to stop war is to _A. stop nuclear weapons B. settle international problems through agreementsC. get rid of bacteriological and chemi
154、cal weaponsD. let the stong side take over the world60. which of the following words can best describe the authors feeling in writing this passage?A. disappointed B. doubtrul C. worried D. hopeful分析：本文介绍的是关于战争问题，作者说从6000多年前人们开始了第一场战争起，战争一直与人类历史并存，近年来随着着细菌武器，生化武器的不断升级和发展，人类的生存受到了前所未有的威胁和挑战，然而在作者看来，战争
155、还是有可能会终止的。而以上的三个阅读理解理解都是属于推理判断题，尤其是第60题，要理解作者写这篇文章是怎样心情，我们必须要在阅读时注意作者所使用的一些有暗示意义的词句，如第一段最后一句“it is not easy to change old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.” “it has become a common belief that nuchlar was must be avoied ” “ but the attitude towards them is a better one than it was s
156、ome year ago”等可知，作者对于战争的态度是忧心忡忡而又对其结束充满希望。文章的第一段先提到现今对人类生存威胁最大的是核武器，而后又说不久以后细菌武器和生化武器都将威胁人类的生存，由此可推断出人类将会面临越来越多的危险的战争武器，因此56题选A。纵观整篇文章，尤其是第二段中可知国际间的合作协议在制止战争中起着非常重要的位置，故58题选B。60题选D。第四招 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。
157、因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。做这一类题时一定注意： (1)由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，不能主观臆断，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 (2)特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，悟出作者的弦外之音。 (3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。人物性格、态度及观点判断题例：(2011江苏卷A篇)We know the famous ones the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham
158、Bells but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)? Shouldnt we know who they are? Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that
159、shes developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”， however, McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions. According to McLean, “When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportun
160、ities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLeans statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention，” said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “I never would
161、 have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer. So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York
162、City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a builtin device for cleaning the window. Still
163、wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovation
164、s. Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgans traffic light. Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?56. By mentioning “traffic light”and “windshield wiper”，
165、the author indicates that countless inventions are _. A. beneficial, because their inventors are famous B. beneficial, though their inventors are less famous C. not useful, because their inventors are less famous D. not useful, though their inventors are famous【思路点拨】生活中离不开小发明，鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，推动社会的进步
166、。 56. B观点态度题。根据第一段but 处：but what about the less famous inventors? What about windshield wiper？可以得出结论。这些人的发明不是很有名，确实是非常有用的。答案为B。 第五招根据上下文的逻辑得出结论逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来描写。必须注意的是：1、读者不可根据自己的主
167、观臆断毫无根据地下结论；2、所得结论必须符合作者的意图。例如：NMET2000E篇66. According to the writer of the text, imagining the future will _.A. serve the interests of the present and future generationsB. enable us to better understand humans historyC. help us to improve farming D. make life worth living分析：首先作者提出自己的观点：However, mos
168、t of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted so why bother even to try imagining life far in the future?然后提出正反两个次要观点去论述：First unless we remember how shout our own lives are compared with the whole human history, we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than t
169、hey really are. Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagining life far in the future we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves(take action right away)(to make the world a better place in which to live).由第二个次要观点可判断上题答案为A。第六招 结合已有的知识进行推断知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知
170、识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都针对细节。解答此类题。不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且需要对文章细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。例如：NMET1996A篇53. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?A. It is a childrens hospital B. It has strict rules about visiting hoursC. The conditions there arent very good D. The nurses and
171、 doctors there dont work hard分析：本文讲述了一位母亲采用拖地计谋混进病房近视女儿的故事。由常识可知医院内拖地并非医生护士的工作，选项D不对。C项与文中的its a fine hospital意思相矛盾。A项依据不充分，女儿未必是儿童。正确答案是B。文中I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow则暗示此规章在探视时间上是严格规定的，而且在实际生活中我们都知道医院对探视病人是有严格规定的。第七招 根据文章的篇章结构去进行判断推理。有些内容文章中没有明确说明
172、，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。摸准逻辑发展的方向，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。文章思路、结构、写作意图及写作方法等推测提有时题目要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图、短文组织结构及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法及文章结构进行归纳总结和分
173、析的能力。例：(2011四川卷D篇)“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher. ” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organ
174、izational decision making. For years March (possibly the wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential lear
175、ning: “Experience is respected; experience is sought; experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及) serious complications(复杂化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book. In one interesting part of th
176、e book，for example，he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确的)reality is presented，the less understandab
177、le the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is. ”Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding: Dont pick it
178、up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.55What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. Experience makes stories more accurate. BStories made interesting fail to fully present the truth. CThe use of stories is the best way of exper
179、iential learning. DStories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described. 56Whats the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a book. BTo describe a researcher. CTo explain experiential learning. DTo discuss organizational decision making. 【思路点拨】本文主要介绍了组织决策理论大师詹姆斯马奇的一部新书。 55. B推理判断题。
180、根据第三段中的In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lost part of the complicated truth of things. 可知有趣的故事无法完全地展现事实，故B项正确。 56. A作者意图题。文章主要介绍了詹姆斯马奇的一部新书，故选A。有时，阅读理解题还要求考生推断所读材料的来源或所读材料的读者对象。判断材料的来源主要根据文章的体裁和题材。一般来说，广告类，时事新闻类，娱乐新闻类，影评，应用文类通常出现在报纸、杂志、海报上。说明文通常出现在教科书或实用技术手册里面。判断读者对象主要通过寻找关键的
181、信息词。来源、读者对象推测题【示例1】Edward Wilson is Americas, if not the worlds, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the worlds natural resources (资源). How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out
182、 the need to understand fully the biodiversity (生物多样性) of our earth.Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment (环境) protection Henry David Thoreau. He compares todays Walden Pond with that of Thoreaus day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is
183、 clean: man has done great damage to his home over the years. Can the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future?Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our agricultural crops ca
184、n gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species (物种) are the basis of our food supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plan
185、ts and animals to enlarge farming areas.At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas.72. We learn from the text that Wilson cares most about .A. the environm
186、ent for plants B. the biodiversity of our earthC. the waste of natural resources D. the importance of human values73.How many species are most important to our present food supply?A. Twenty.B. Eighty C. One hundred.D. Ten thousand.74.Wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to .A. learn
187、how to farm scientifically B. build homes for some dying speciesC. make it clear what to eat D. use more species for food75.We can infer that the text is .A. a description of natural resources B. a research reportC. a book review D. an introduction to a scientist 参考答案及解析72.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有抓住文章的重点,
188、以次代主,以点代面. 【解题指导】 本题属于判断推理题. 这类题要求学生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实基础上，领悟作者的弦外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即作者没有在文章中明说的。要得出正确的推理仅以阅读材料为前题还不够，还必须结合自己应有的常识。本题的关键提示信息在第三段中的第一句话.【答案】本题的正确选项为B.73.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析是学生审题不细. 【解题指导】本题是细节理解题.学生们在做此类试题时,可以采用查读法,即带着问题寻找答案,同时要注意审题.【答案】本题的正确选项为A.74.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析信息错位,释意不清. 【解题指导】本题是细节理解题
189、.属于间接辨认题,要正确地理解文章中具体信息的含义,并用同义或是近义的形式复述出来.本题的选项依据为第三段的最后一句话.【答案】本题的正确选项为D.75.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析关键信息没有抓住,以点代面. 【解题指导】本题是推理判断题.推理判断要根据文章中的信息来判断,不能依据自己的主观判断,也不能以点代面.本题推断依据为文章开始部分的The Future of Life一书的基本内容,然后重点谈及Biodiversity的重要性,最后根据文章最后一段,由此可以判断出本题选C项.【答案】本题的正确选项为C.【练习1】WANG Hao and Wang Liqin, two of Ch
190、inas top table tennis players, both saw the World Table Tennis Championships as a chance to prove themselves. But there was only one champion (冠军) and Wang Hao, 25, won it last Tuesday in Yokohama , Japan.Wang Hao, who won the mens doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday, played with spirit to beat W
191、ang Liqin 11-9, 13-11, 11-5, 11-9.Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness (心理稳定) that made the difference. I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried to pull myself together and prepared well. This is the result.Wang Hao said he has
192、 always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills. Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well. Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter (痛苦的). The bitterness perhaps explains why he has not always played at his best in the past.Ive come to understand
193、 that you can learn important lessons from failure, he said. Losing can build your character and make you a stronger player. His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.Liu Guoliang, head coach of Chinas table tennis team, sang the praises of Wang Haos victory. T
194、his is just the beginning of his rise, said Liu. Its the confidence-booster he needs to make further progress. 1. According to the passage, Wang Hao won _ gold medals in the World Table Tennis Championships in Yokohama, Japan.A. only one B. two C. three D. four2. From Wang Hao, we can know the main
195、reason for his beating Wang Liqin is _. A. his technical skills B. his physical training C. his mental toughness D. his past experience3. What is the next goal of Wang Hao? A. To win the title of the champion at the 2012 Olympics B. To beat Wang Liqin again C. To prove himself in the future competit
196、ions D. To win more golds in future4. What can we learn from Wang Hao? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Never give up until you succeed. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. A good beginning makes a good ending.参考答案及解析：1.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有全面地阅读文章，以点代面了。【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知。此类题可以带
197、着问题在文中采用查读法寻找答案。【答案】本题的正确选项为B.2【错解分析】典型错误A或B或是D。错因分析是没有抓住细节理解题的重点，审题不细。因为题干中有一个mainly. 【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句话可知。对于细节理解题的选项的选择，一定要理解题干，并防止以次代主。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。3【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析审题不清，D项也许是Wang Hao的远期目标，但是题干是the next goal。 【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at th
198、e London Olympics in 2012.”可知。注意审题。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。4【错解分析】典型错误B或C.错因分析在于学生对文章的理解不透彻。 【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知。推理判断题要认真研读文章，根据文章中的内容来进行推理判断。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。【示例2】Dear Hamilton, We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the soc
199、ial temperature at such a comfortable setting. I dont know anyone in the office who is better liked than you. You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is rea
200、sonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts. Its not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor),
201、but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who dont know them outside the office, who wouldnt even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives. This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for), but the
202、 practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in todays office setting. Thank you for understanding.63. The underlined word “contributions” probably means _.A. money B. suggestions C. reports D. understanding64. Hamilton is expected to _.A. show more kindness. B. discontinue the
203、 present practiceC. quit being the organizer for gift giving D. know more about co-workers families65. This is basically a letter of _.A. apology B. sympathy C. appreciation D. dissatisfaction参考答案63.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析释不达意，胡乱猜测. 【解题指导】本题考查词义猜测.对于词义的猜测可以有许多的方法,常见的方法是根据上下文所举例子来猜测.本题就是根据文中的In the past mon
204、th, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.可猜测出contributions的意思为”礼金,份子”.【答案】本题的正确选项为A.64.【错解分析】典型错误A. 错因分析 无视主题，以点带面.【解题指导】本题考查细节推测题.对于细节推测的理解要以文章的中心为依据并根据
205、文章中的具体信息来推测,做到有根据的选答案,并且信息点一定要找准,防止张冠李戴.本题选择依据为倒数第二段中的” but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in todays office setting.”【答案】本题的正确选项为B.65.【错解分析】典型错误C. 错因分析 无视主题，以点带面.【解题指导】本题考查主旨大意. 这类问题属于全局性问题。要做好这类问题必须找出文章中心思想句。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。
206、并注意由in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。本题的答案依据为feels improper in todays office setting.,以及最后一句话,因此答案为D项.【答案】本题的正确选项为D.【练习2】Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of water or take a shower? Have you ever thought that solar energy is far
207、away from our daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japan, there is a wonderful program of Solar City. Solar City is located 80,000 meters northwest of Tokyo, among the strawberry fields. This is one of Japans sunniest places. Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres. Seventy-five percent o
208、f the homes there are covered by solar panels. The government has provided people there with the solar panels for free. In addition, the government has paid 9.7 billion yen to study how to make full use of solar energy. A number of solar energy companies have also given money to help this program. P
209、eople living in Solar City think using solar panels is a good way to save money. However, saving money is not the only reason why people are moving into this city. We moved here because of the panels. It was something we wanted,” said Mika Hiroshima. She moved to Solar City with her husband and two
210、little children about four years ago.It is well known that Japan is a country that is short of energy, but the Solar City program has brought hope for the country. People want solar energy,” said an official of Solar City. Actually in Solar City, there are 550 families making use of solar energy at
211、the moment. All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010. In sunny days, solar panels are able to provide more than enough energy for a normal family. However, the solar panels are not that useful in cloudy days. Despite this, Solar City is still a wo
212、nderful program because it inspires people to wisely use the limited energy. 1. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.A. test the readers knowledge about solar energy B. draw the readers attention to the topicC. learn the situation that solar energy is used D. invite
213、 the readers to answer them2. The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about _. A. the reason why people are moving into Solar City B. how the people are living in Solar City C. the things that people living in Solar City need D. the life experience from the people living in Solar City3. It can
214、be inferred from the passage that _. A. Japan is a country which is lacking in energy B. the solar panels are only useful in sunny days C. the Solar City program will be successful D. Solar City is a very modern big city参考答案及解析：1【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：信息错位，张冠李戴。题干是考查文章开头的写作目的，而非全篇的写作目的。 【解题指导】写作目的题。作者在文章开
215、头提出问题让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题,故选B。 【答案】本题的正确选项为B。2【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析是没有抓住文章段落的主题。 【解题指导】主旨大意题。从本段来看，第一句话说出，生活在太阳城使用太阳电池板省钱。第二句话说出了，生活在太阳城不仅是为了省钱，还为了太阳电池板。因此，可知答案为A。考查文章的段落大意，此时要注意段落的主题句，可位于段首，段尾或段落的中间，也有的要从段中自己提取的。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。3【错解分析】典型错误A或B.错因分析是没有掌握试题的特点，推理判断题要从文中进行推断，而不是文中的原话。 【解题指导】推理判
216、断题。根据文章的最后一段中的“All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010.”可知。此项目的目的达到了。因此，C项正确。D项，可根据文中的“Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres.”知，Solar City并不是一个大城市。A、B两项是文中的事实，而非推理。推理判断题分为简单推理和复杂推理。所谓简单推理就是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合
217、常识推断出合理的结论。而复杂推理就是不但要以文字为依据，而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理，就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。【示例3】 People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, youre w
218、rong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(体育馆). Here, people are learning onclimbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet. How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and (保护带) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(
219、绳索)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you dont fall. A beginners wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes its easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, its not. The
220、most difficult is an your fear. Its normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so its difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top. Climbing attracts people because its good exercise
221、for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.64. What can we infer from the passage? A. People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays. B. It is impossib
222、le to build up ones body by climbing. C. People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.D. It is always easy to see holding places in climbing.65. The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _. A. to tie ropes to your B. to control your fearC. to move away from the wall D. to climb stra
223、ight up66. The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _.A. settlement B. exercise C. excitement D. tiredness67. Why does the author write this passage? A. To tell people where to find gyms. B. To prove the basic need for climbing C. To encourage people to climb mountains
224、. D. introduce the sport of wall climbing参考答案及解析：64.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析片面理解，没有从全文的角度去看问题。【解题指导】推理判断题. 在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。本题属于从文章的主题进行的推论，因此从文章的第一段,第三段的首句可容易推知答案.【答案】本题的正确选项为A.65.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析是脱离文章，而主观判断试题的答案。【解题指导】细节理解题.从第二段倒数第三句” Its normal for humans to be afraid of
225、 falling, so its difficult not to feel fear.”可知答案.细节理解题可通过查读法进行理解，是高考阅读题中较简单的题型，但是答案的依据一定要忠实于原文。【答案】本题的正确选项为B.66.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析是脱离上下文，而采用了构词法来猜测生词的意思，因为work out意为“解决”，所以学生们会误以为workout的意思为A。【解题指导】词义猜测题.根据“Climbing attracts people because its good exercise for almost everyone.”与” When you climb, bot
226、h your mind and your body can become stronger.”可知workout与exercise同义,表示”锻炼”.词义猜测时可以根据构词法来进行，但是也要符合上下文的语境。【答案】本题的正确选项为B.67.【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析没有掌握作意图判断题的方法，以偏代全。 【解题指导】意图判断题.意图判断题分具体内容的写作意图和篇章内容的写作意图，因此在答题要分析题干，如果文章的写作意图，就要结合文章的主旨来判断。本题就是结合全文可知,作者的写作意图旨在介绍室内攀岩运动.【答案】本题的正确选项为D.【练习3】The only survivor of a
227、shipwreck was washed up on a small, uninhabited island. He prayed feverishly for God to rescue him, and every day he scanned the horizon for help, but none seemed forthcoming.Exhausted, he eventually managed to build a little hut out of driftwood to protect him from the elements, and to store his fe
228、w possessions. But then one day, after looking for food, he arrived home to find his little hut in flames, the smoke rolling up to the sky.The worst had happened; everything was lost.He was stunned with grief and anger. God how could you do this to me! he cried.Early the next day, however, he was aw
229、akened by the sound of a ship that was approaching the island. It had come to rescue him. How did you know I was here? asked the weary man of his rescuers. We saw your smoke signal, they replied.It is easy to get discouraged when things are going bad.But we shouldnt lose heart, because God is at wor
230、k in our lives, even in the midst of pain and suffering.Remember, next time your little hut is burning to the ground it just may be a smoke signal that summons the grace of God.For all the negative things we have to say to ourselves, God has a positive answer for it .1The proper title of the passage
231、 is .AGod Is Wherever We Need HimBWe should have a Positive Attitude to LifeCA Story Happened on An Uninhabited IslandDA Survivor Was How to Be Saved2After the survivor seeing his hut burning to the ground, he _.Awas very angry and frightened and didnt sleepBwas very sad and disappointed and didnt s
232、leepCwas so angry and sad that he slept without consciousness Dwas so surprised that he slept without consciousness3From the story we can infer _.Athat the survivor was a lucky dogBGod is a kind and considerable old manCGod is willing to help anyone who helps oneselfDYou are what you eat4. The meani
233、ng of the underlined part“ a smoke signal that summons the grace of God” may be_.Aa smoke signal that shows Gods ideaBa piece of information that God sends out to inform rescuers. Can order that God gives to punish the man who is in troubleDa signal that shows Gods kindness to help the man in troubl
234、e 参考答案及解析：1【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：没有考虑到文章的主题。 【解题指导】选择适合的文章标题。从全文来看，C项比较全面，且能概括文章的内容。选择文章的标题属于主旨大意题。要在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图，在此基础上还要做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。2【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析对于文章的细节处理解不到位。 【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章中的“He was stunned with grief and anger. God how could you do this to me! he crie
235、d.”可知。在做细节理解题时，一定要回到原文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上选择答案，找到关键词后最好在下面划线，以便检查。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C.3【错解分析】典型错误C.错因分析：片面理解文章，以致于得出错误的结论。 【解题指导】推理判断题。从文章开头我们知道，这位主人公是一位失船事故的幸存者，并且文章的最后我们可以看出因意外的茅屋失火，他却意想不到的得救。因此，可知主人公是一位幸运儿。推理判断题要忠于原亠，以文章提供的事实和线索想象，随意想象，更不能己自己的观点代替作者的观点。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。4【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：释不达意，胡乱猜测
236、【解题指导】句意的解释。grace 意为“恩泽”；summon 意为“传唤”；本句话的意思为“传唤上帝恩泽的一个烟信号”。因此，可知D项更符合句意。句子的解释是最近几年来高考新出现的题型，要根据上下文来推测。 【答案】本题的正确选项为D.实战练习（一）Elizabeth Blackwell was born on February 3, 1821 in Bristol, England. Her father was a rich sugar businessman at the time. Because her parents thought boys and girls should b
237、e equal, Elizabeth received the same education as her brothers. In 1832, her fathers business was destroyed by fire, so her family moved to New York City. But her fathers business there failed. Then in 1837, the family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. Not long after, her father died. After her fathers dea
238、th, Elizabeth, at the age of 16, had to go to work.When she was 24, she visited her dying friend Mary. Her friend said, “Youre young and strong, you should become a doctor.” That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. But she knew this was what she was going to do
239、.After several rejections from medical schools, she finally was accepted by Geneva Medical College. By studying hard, she graduated successfully in 1849.After graduating from medical school, she went to Paris to learn more about medicine. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye problem forced
240、her to give up the idea. When she returned to America in 1851, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. In 1857, Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides, she a
241、lso set up the first medical school for women in 1868, where she taught the women students about disease prevention. It was the first time that the idea of preventing disease was taught in a medical school.Elizabeth Blackwell started the British National Health Society in 1871, which helped people l
242、earn how to stay healthy. In 1889, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman doctor in the United States. Most importantly she fought for the admission of women to medical colleges. Elizabeth Blackwell died on May 3, 1910, when she was 89.She opened a world of chances for women. She always fought f
243、or what was right in all her life. In 1949 the Blackwell medal was established. Its given to women who have excellent achievements in the field of medicine. Shell always be remembered as a great woman. ()6.According to the passage, Elizabeth Blackwell _. Areceived bad education in her childhood Bspe
244、nt a happy and lucky childhood Cmoved to America with her family at eleven Ddecided to be a doctor due to her fathers death()7.Elizabeth Blackwell could not become a surgeon because _. Ashe was a woman Bshe had a serious eye problem Cshe went to Paris for further education Dshe didnt go to medical s
245、chool()8.Elizabeth Blackwell opened her first hospital for woman and children _. Aeighteen years after her father died Bseven years after returning to America from Paris Cten years before setting up her first medical school Deight years after graduating from medical school() 9.Elizabeth Blackwell sp
246、ent most of her life in _. Athe US. BParis CEngland DGeneva()10.Which of the following is not TRUE about Elizabeth Blackwell? AShe built the first hospital for women and children with others. BShe became the first woman doctor in the US. CShe set up the first medical school for women in the world. D
247、She built a medal for women with excellent achievements in medicine.(二)Ted Turner achieved high goals and great success by the time he was 43.Best known for his CNN, Ted Turner launched a second nationwide allnews network, Headline News, purchased the Atlanta Braves baseball team, and became the wor
248、lds best yachtsman at the Americas Cup in 1977.In 1982 Ted Turner was named by Forbes one of the 400 richest people in the US.He was named Time magazines “Man of the Year” in1992.How did Ted Turner accomplish all of this at such a young age?Ted Turners father, Ed, was a selfmade millionaire who dema
249、nded that his only son try to achieve similar success.He instilled in the boy a strong belief that hard work was good.Besides reading a new book every two days, Ted Turner was also charged rent at home during summer vacations from boarding school.Ed Turner was a strong influence in his sons life.As
250、a child, Ted Turner lived a very lonely life, often separated from his family. During World War ， his father served in the Navy. Ed Turner took his wife and daughter with him so they could live nearby but left his 6yearold son behind in a boarding school in Cincinnati, Ohio. When Ted Turner was in t
251、he fifth grade, his father enrolled him in a military academy. Even though Turner had friends at school, it didnt make up for the absence of his parents and sister. Eventually Ted Turner enrolled at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. He attended college off and on, became involved in sail
252、boat racing, and became a member of the US. Coast Guard for a while. In his early twenties, he became general manager of one of his fathers branch officesthe Turner Advertising Company in Macon, Georgia.Two years later after his fathers suicide, Ted Turner took over the company.He soon discovered th
253、at he was more skilled than his father in managing the business.During the next twenty years, Ted Turner worked hard to accumulate enough power and money to fulfill his fathers dream.Reflecting on his fathers death, however, Ted Turner realized that it was dangerous to put too much emphasis on mater
254、ial possessions.He decided to use his hardearned influence to serve the public.Concerned about the environment, Ted Turner established the Better World Society in 1985.The purpose of this organization was to produce documentaries to educate people about pollution, hunger, and the danger of building
255、weapons of mass destruction.In 1986 Turner began sponsoring the Goodwill Games to promote world peace.The Turner Tomorrow Awards were created to encourage writers and thinkers to focus their attention on solving world problems.The Turner Family Foundation was established in 1992.()11.What is CNN acc
256、ording to the passage?A.Its a broadcastnews company. BIts a basketball team agency.C.Its a charity organization. DIts a publishing house.()12.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.The creation of CNN encouraged broadcasters to be more successful.B.Towering goals and hard work led to fame and prospe
257、rity.C.Ted Turner was expert at sailboat racing and playing basketball.D.Ted Turner became very successful at an early age.()13.As a student in a military academy, Turner _.A.wasnt as lonely as he looked because of his many friends at schoolB.missed his family very much despite having friends at sch
258、oolC.served as a member of the US. Coast Guard for a whileD.showed little interest in studying but other affairs()14.The author seems to believe that Ted Turner is _.A.bossy Bincapable Cambitious Dmodest()15.Which of the following best describes an important change in Ted Turners life?A.He became mo
259、re determined and was feared by his employees.B.He developed respect and admiration for his employees.C.He revised his view of the world and his responsibility in it.D.He was demanded the same level of success as his father. (一)本文讲述了美国伟大女性伊丽莎白布莱克韦尔不平凡的一生。6C细节理解题。Elizabeth Blackwell生于1821年， 根据第二段In 1
260、832, her fathers business was destroyed by fire, so her family moved to New York City可知，她11岁的时候随家人搬迁到美国，故选C。7B细节理解题。根据第五段She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.可判断选B。8D推理判断题。Elizabeth Blackwell从医学院于1849年毕业，1857年建立第一家妇女儿童医院，时隔8年，故选D。9A细节理解题。由全文可知，Elizabet
261、h Blackwell生于英国，但11岁就随家人搬迁到美国，随后基本上在美国生活，故选A。10D细节理解题。根据最后一段In 1949 the Blackwell medal was established. Its given to women who have excellent achievements in the field of medicine.可知，布莱克韦尔奖是在Elizabeth Blackwell去世39年后才设立的，故D项不符合文意，故选D。(二)本文讲述了泰德特纳的童年及其在商业上所取得的成就。11A细节理解题。根据第一段Best known for his CNN,
262、 Ted Turner launched a second nationwide allnews network可判断选A。12D段落大意题。本段首句就指出泰德特纳在43岁之前就有所建树，之后就具体列举他所取得的成就，最后一句就提问：他为什么能如此年轻就取得这些成就呢？由此判断该段旨在说明：泰德特纳在早年的时候就已经非常成功，故选D。来源:学&科&网13B推理判断题。根据第三段Even though Turner had friends at school, it didnt make up for the absence of his parents and sister.可判断选B。14C
263、推理判断题。全文重点介绍了泰德特纳所取得的成就，尤其结合第四段During the next twenty years, Ted Turner worked hard to accumulate enough power and money to fulfill his fathers dream.可推断作者认为泰德特纳是一个有抱负之人，故选C。15C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Reflecting on his fathers death, however, Ted Turner realized that it was dangerous to put too much emphasis o
264、n material possessions.He decided to use his hardearned influence to serve the public.可推断父亲的死改变了他的世界观，使他欲投身于为大众服务的事业中去，由此判断选C。故事记叙型阅读理解(一) Our Community One Tuesday evening in the beginning of the fall 1996 semester (学期) at Shippensburg University, sirens sounded. These sirens were not in celebratio
265、n; they were a cry to the university that something was wrong. A house, only one block away, was on fire. Nine of the universitys students lived there. From the minute the word got out that help was needed, it seemed like everyone showed up. The victims (受灾者) of the fire were offered endless invitat
266、ions for housing for the night. The very next day, everyone got_into_gear to do their part in helping them. Flyers( handbills) were posted with items that were immediately needed, just to get these students through this next couple of days. Boxes for donations (捐赠品) and money jars were placed in eve
267、ry residence hall (学生宿舍) As a residence director, I went before the students in my hall to ask them to do what they could. I knew that college students dont have much, but I asked them to do their best: “Every little bit will help.” I really didnt think they could do much. I was proved wrong. At the
268、 hall council meeting the night after the fire, my residents decided to have a wing competition, where each wing of the building would team up to see who could bring in the most donations. I announced that the wing who won would receive a free pizza party. Thursday evening we announced over the PA s
269、ystem that we were beginning the wing competition. Within minutes, the place exploded. The single large box that I had placed in the lobby (大厅) was overflowing. We quickly grabbed more boxes, and we watched in_amazement as they, too, filled to the brim(边；沿). Members of the resident assistant staff a
270、nd I began to count the items. I was astonished by what I saw, and I was inspired by these kids. When we came to the final tally(得分), the winners turned to me and announced that they would like to donate their winnings as well. They wanted the victims of the fire to have their pizza party. Tears wel
271、led up in my eyes. I had watched these students jump to action, work tirelessly and donate all that they could. And then, as if that were not enough, they handed over their reward. I was touched and so very proud of them. ()1.The writer mainly wanted to_ by the story.Atell us nine of the college stu
272、dents suffered from a fireBsing praise of the college students helping the victims selflesslyCdescribe how successful the wing competition was Dexpress he was deeply moved by the college students action()2.The phrase “get into gear” in the second paragraph means _. Astart working Btake measures Cbe
273、ready Dbe eager()3.At first, the residence director thought _.Ait was impossible to expect the college students to donate anythingBit was easy to collect a lot of donations from the college studentsCthe college students would donate something, but not muchDthe college students would donate all they
274、could()4.The wing competition was held _. Aseveral days after the fire Bthe night after the fire Ca week after the fire Dtwo days after the fire()5.The phrase “in amazement” in Paragraph 5 means _. Asatisfactorily Bexcitedly Csurprisedly Dhappily(二)Martin was returning to work in his London office a
275、fter spending two weeks with his brother in New York. He was coming back with a heavy heart. It was not just that it was the end of a wonderful holiday; it was not just that he invariably suffered badly from jet lag; it was that Monday mornings always began with a team meeting and, over the months,
276、he had grown to hate them. Martin was aware that colleagues approached these meetings with hidden agendas; they indulged(纵容) gameplaying; and he knew that people were not being honest and open. The meetings themselves were bad enoughthere was all the moaning afterwards at the meeting like “I could h
277、ave improved on that idea, but I wasnt going to say”. As this mornings meeting began, Martin prepared himself for the usual dullness and boredom. But, as the meeting progressed, he became aware of a strange background noise. At first, he thought that he was still hearing the engine noise from the ai
278、rcraft that had brought him back to London. But, as he concentrated on the noise, it became a little clearer.He realizedto his amazementthat he could actually hear what they were thinking at the same time as they were speaking. What surprised him, even more than the acquisition(获得) of this strange p
279、ower, was that he discovered that what people were saying was not really what they were thinking. They were not making clear their reservations. They were not supporting views which they thought might be popular. They were not contributing their new insights. They were not volunteering their new ide
280、as. Martin found it impossible not to respond to his new knowledge. So he started to make gentle interventions, based more on what he could hear his colleagues thinking than on what he could hear them saying. “So, John are you really saying” “Susan, do you really think that？” “Tom, have you got an i
281、dea on how we could take this forward？” They looked at him, puzzled. In truth, he felt rather proud of his_newlyacquired_talent. As the meeting progressed, it was clear to him that each member of the meeting was learning how to hear the thoughts of the others. The gameplaying started to fall away; p
282、eople started to speak more directly; views became better understood; the atmosphere became more open and trusting. The meeting ended. As people left the room, Martin found that he could still hear what they were thinking. “That was the best meeting weve ever had.” “All meetings should be like that.
283、” “In future, Im going to say what I think”. ()11.It is known from the first paragraph that Martin _. Ajust came back from his business trip in New York Bwas found to suffer from a serious heart disease during the trip Chad a good time during his fortnights stay in New York Ddidnt like his work in h
284、is London office()12.Why did Martin hate his companys team meeting? ABecause it had to be held every Monday morning. BBecause he was tired of hosting such a meeting. CBecause he couldnt control the meeting that was out of order.DBecause the meeting atmosphere wasnt open and trusting.()13.The underli
285、ned part “his newlyacquired talent” in Paragraph 5 means that he could _.Astill hear the engine noise of the plane though he was backBclearly hear what the members of the meeting were sayingCactually control the thoughts of the members of the meetingDexpress what the meeting members were thinking ba
286、sed on their words and their thoughts()14.What do we know about this Monday mornings meeting from the passage?AMartin made people say what they were thinking immediately the meeting began. BMartin was angry at the dullness of the meeting at the beginning of the meeting all the time.CMartin led peopl
287、e to express their real thoughts with the meeting progressing.DMany members of the meeting played games and told lies at the meeting all the time.()15.It is inferred from the last two paragraphs that towards the end of the meeting Martin would hear such words as “ _” AI was thinking of making a sugg
288、estionbut I couldnt be bothered BI have got an idea on how we could take this forward. I think we should CThe usual people say the usual things, so I have no other new ideas DI could have improved on that idea, but I wasnt going to say(一) 本文是记叙文。全文叙述了在救灾捐助活动中，大学生的积极表现，以此赞扬他们正义的精神。1B主旨大意题。作者写此文章意在通过救
289、灾捐助活动歌颂大学生忘我的助人为乐精神，描述场面是手段，颂扬精神是目的。2A词义猜测题。整段叙述救灾的紧急行动情况和大家的积极性，四个选项中只有A项的意思能和前后文统一起来。3C细节理解题。作者原先的想法在第三段I knew that college students dont have much, but I asked them to do their best: “Every little bit will help.”体现出来。4D细节理解题。星期二晚上发生火灾，星期四晚上搞募捐比赛，即募捐比赛是在灾后两天搞的。5C词义猜测题。作者原以为大学生没什么东西可捐，对他们的捐献本没抱多大的期
290、望。但捐献现场的气氛却是那样热烈，这大大出乎其意料，所以感到“惊讶”是很自然的。本段最后一句中的 “astonished” 对此题也可起到提示和印证的作用。 (三) 度假归来，马丁又要组织会议了。他原本准备忍受会议的乏味，但随着会议的进行，他发现自己能根据别人所说的话知道他们心里的真实想法，因此他试着说出他们的真实想法，引导与会人员学着理解他人的想法，并坦诚地说出自己心里的想法。因此，会议成为了一场开诚布公而让人信任的会议。11C细节理解题。根据第一段It was not just that it was the end of a wonderful holiday中的a wonderful
291、holiday可判断，他在纽约的两周过得很愉快，由此判断答案选C。12D细节理解题。根据第二段可判断，与会人员口是心非，表里不一，这种不公开、不诚实的会风使他厌烦，由此判断正确答案选D。13D词义猜测题。第四段提到马丁能根据与会人员所说的话而得知他们心里的真实想法，之后第五段接着说，他说出与会人员的真实想法，使别人都迷惑地看着他，由此判断，“他新获得的能力”即意为：他能根据别人的话说出他们心里的真实想法。14C细节理解题。会初，马丁准备着忍受会议的乏味，而后随着会议的进行，他发现自己能根据别人所说的话而得知他们心里的真实想法，对此他做出反应，即试着说出他们心里的真实想法，从而引导人们学会理解他
292、人的想法，并坦诚地说出自己心里的想法。由此判断正确答案选C。新闻报道型阅读理解(一)The crisis at Japans Fukushima DaiIchi nuclear energy center has raised questions about the future of the nuclear energy industry. Arjun Makhijani is president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research in the United States. He says the disaster
293、in Japan is historic.This week, the chairman of Americas nuclear agency said there is little chance that harmful radiation from Japan could reach the United States. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chairman Gregory Jaczko also said America has a strong program in place to deal with earthquake threats.
294、No new nuclear power centers have been built in the United States since 1979.That was when Americas worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania. The accident began to turn public opinion against nuclear energy.To support more clean energy production, the Obama gov
295、ernment has been seeking billions of dollars in government loan guarantees to build new centers. Presently, about twenty percent of electricity in the United States comes from nuclear energy. But critics say nuclear power is too costly and dangerous to be worth further expansion.German prime ministe
296、r Angela Merkel said Germany would close all seven nuclear power centers for a moment while energy policy is reconsidered. The European Union is planning to test all centers in its twentyseven member nations.Developing nations are less willing to slow nuclear expansion. China said it would continue
297、with plans to build about twentyfive new nuclear plants. And India, under a cooperation agreement with the United States, plans to spend billions on new centers in the coming years.Japan has made nuclear energy a national priority since the 1970s. Unlike many major economies, Japan imports eighty pe
298、rcent of its energy. The Nuclear Energy Institute said twentynine percent of Japans electricity came from nuclear sources in 2011.The government planned to increase that to forty percent by 2017.Nuclear plants supply fourteen percent of global electricity. Nuclear energy is a clean resource, produci
299、ng no carbon gases. But radioactive waste is a serious unresolved(未解决的) issue. So_is_the_presence_of_nuclear_power_centers_in_earthquake_areas_like_the_one_near_Bushehr,_Iran.()6.Which of the following countries is the least likely to expand its use of nuclear energy?AChina. BIndia. CIran. DGermany.
300、()7.The government of Japan intended to increase its nuclear energy in 2017 by _ compared with 2011.A29% B40% C69% D11%()8.Which of the following statements about the use of nuclear power in the US. is TRUE?AMost of the electricity comes from nuclear energy in the US.BThe Obama government is against
301、 building nuclear power plants. CA small number of nuclear power plants have been built since 1979.DA serious nuclear accident happened in America at the end of the 1970s.()9.Whats the main idea of this passage?AThe nuclear crisis in Japan has spread to other parts of the world. BThe situation of th
302、e worlds nuclear power development after the crisis in Japan.CJapans nuclear disaster will slow the expansion of nuclear plants all over the world.DJapans nuclear disaster wont affect the nuclear energy production in other countries. ()10.From the last sentence of the passage, we can see the writers
303、 attitude towards building a nuclear power plant near Bushehr, Iran is_.Asupportive Boptimistic Cnegative Duncertain(二)Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline(腰围), a study revealed today. The research also showed that a large percentage of women
304、started noticing the pounds creeping back on just 21 days after reaching their ideal weight.Yesterday, Dr Ian Campbell of the Jenny Craig Weight Management Program said: “In the UK 61.4 per cent of adults are overweight or obese. Successful weight management requires a longterm commitment in order t
305、o lose weight successfully and for good. Dieting can be a real challenge so setting realistic goals and remaining focused on them is important. Otherwise as this research shows, women could end up heavier than when they started.”The “Food, Body, Mind” report was publicized by Jenny Craig who quizzed
306、 2,000 women aged between 18 and 65 who diet regularly on their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around weight loss. Six in ten said they were on a diet then and one in five women said they were on a “continuous diet”It found the most common triggers to start dieting was seeing their “reflection in
307、the mirror”， preparing for a summer holiday or unflattering photos posted on social networking sites. Other popular reasons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half.However, the study showed that one in ten give up within one day, while almost a fifth manage to make it to a week
308、or more. The average is ten days. Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal. Others blamed colleagues, who tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter, while mothe
309、rs polishing off their childrens leftovers(剩饭)was another common cause of weight gain.()11.Which of the following might be the best title for this article?AThree reasons to fail in dieting BImportant things for successful diet CObesitya problem for 61.4% adults in the UK DFour in ten women gain weig
310、ht on diets()12.Women who go on a diet _.Aare all overweight or obeseBare likely to gain weight again after reaching their ideal weight Call fail because they are not persistent enoughDall end up heavier than when they start to diet()13.The underlined word “triggers” in Paragraph 4 probably means _.
311、AeffectsBexamples Ccauses Dimagination ()14.Which of the following is NOT the reason that many people quit dieting very soon?AThe pressure they put on themselves to lose weight quickly.BColleagues who give them fatty lunches and snacks.CReflections they see in the mirror.DLeftovers of childrens take
312、n by their mothers.()15.In which column of the newspaper do you probably find the passage?AHealth. BEconomy. CSports. DEducation.(一)本文为新闻。主要报道各国的核能使用状况及相关态度。6D细节理解题。根据第四段German prime minister Angela Merkel said Germany would close all seven nuclear power centers for a moment while energy policy is r
313、econsidered.可知德国将暂时关闭七座核电站，故选D。7D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The Nuclear Energy Institute said twentynine percent of Japans electricity came from nuclear sources in 2011.The government planned to increase that to forty percent by 2017.可推断选D(40%29%11%)。8D细节理解题。根据第二段No new nuclear power centers have been built in th
314、e United States since 1979.That was when Americas worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania.可判断选D。9B主旨大意题。日本核辐射引发了全球对核能使用的反思，继而报道了各国对核能的使用状况及相关态度，由此判断全文主题应该是B项。10C推理判断题。根据画线句前的But radioactive waste is a serious unresolved(未解决的) issue.再结合对画线句的理解可判断，作者对在伊朗布什尔地震多发地
315、区建立核电站的做法持反对态度，故选C。(二)本文为新闻，报道了最新的研究发现：靠节食减肥的女人在停止节食后又会出现增肥的现象。11D主旨大意题。本文为新闻，报道最新的研究发现，而该文的导语是第一段第一句，故根据Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline可知选D。12B细节理解题。根据第一段所介绍的研究结果可知，靠节食减肥的女人在达到她们的理想体重以后有可能出现反弹现象，即有可能重新增肥，故选B。13C词义猜测题。根据第四段Other popular r
316、easons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half可推断画线词即为reasons的近义词，故选C。14C细节理解题。此题可采用排除法。 A项符合最后一段Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal；B项符合最后一段Others blamed colleagues, who
317、 tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter；D项符合最后一段mothers who polish off their childrens leftovers(剩饭)was another common cause of weight gain。由此判断余下的C项不符合文意，故选C。15A推理判断题。本文的话题是：靠节食减肥的女人在停止节食后又出现增肥现象。此话题属健康范畴，故选A。广告应用型阅读理解(一)THE EARTH CENTREYou might have heard ab
318、out the centre of the earth but have you heard of the Earth Centre? It is a new South Yorkshire attractiona theme park with a difference.Why does the Earth Centre attract visitors from all over the world? Because it is the worlds first sustainable(可持续的)development park and it aims to promote the ide
319、a of sustainable development to all ages. Here you will get to see the world in a way you have never seen it before._There are many impressive attractions. Here are just a few：“Nature works” which explore pond life found in the various habitats of the Earth Centre. You dont just lookif you want you
320、can catch and handle these creatures too.The Water Cycle Simulator which allows you to speed around the planet. The Living Machinea fullscale sewage(污水) treatment system for the Earth Centre that uses plants and microorganisms to create water safe enough to drink. Daredevil outdoor activitiesif your
321、e feeling adventurous, try the climbing wall.In addition, there are 400 acres of the Country Park to explore with woods, lakes and a wealth of wildlife. Food and drink If you get hungryno problem! The Centre has its own caf serving a range of delicious snacks and mealsall organic of course. Shop If
322、you feel like spending some money, you can call at the Earth Shop where you can buy “sustainability products” such as organic cotton Tshirts. How to get thereBy RoadLeave the AIM at Junction 36 and follow the brown Earth Centre signs along the A630, then the A6023 towards Mexborough. The Earth Centr
323、e is next right after Conisbrough Railway Station.By RailConisbrough station is next to the entrance to the Earth Centre and is on the Doncaster to Sheffield line. By BoatThe Earth Centre has a wharf(码头) on the River Don. Opening TimesOpen every day (except Christmas Day) 10：00 am5：00 pm.()6.The Ear
324、th Centre is popular with a large number of visitors mainly because_.Aits convenient to get there Bits located in South YorkshireCit sells organic cotton Tshirts Dit stresses sustainable development()7.Which of the following can be used to fill in the blank in the passage?AHow do you like it? BWhat
325、does it offer?CWho is it intended for？ DWhat do you hear about it?()8.If you are interested in wildlife，you will probably choose_.Athe Living Machine Bthe Water Cycle SimulatorCthe Daredevil Outdoor Activities Dthe Country Park()9.From the passage，we can learn that _.Athe goods at the Earth Shop do
326、no harm to the environmentBmicroorganisms probably pollute the clean waterCthe food at the Earth Centre is made by hand Dthe Earth Centre has no restaurants()10.According to the passage, the Earth Centre_.Ais near Conisbrough station Bis open for 8 hours every dayCis busy on Christmas Day Dcan be re
327、ached by air（二） Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food9：009：45 am. Blue TentPanelists (成员)：Jami Bernard, David Kamp, Marion Nestle and Peter Singer.Hosted by Denise Grady, science writer for the New York Times.How does what we eat not only affect our bodies, but also the world？The food and nutrit
328、ion experts debate the role that the diet plays in both personal and global health, and present a look at food politics.Sports Writing：For the Love of the Game9：5010：35 am. Blue TentPanelists：Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape.Hosted by William CRhoden, sports writer for the New
329、 York Times.Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience. Listen as some professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news. The Art of the Review11：1512：00 am. Green TentPanelists: John Freeman, Barr
330、y Gewen, David Orr, Celia McGee and Jennifer Schuessler.Hosted by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for the New York Times Book Review.How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales？Join this group of critics(评论家) as they discuss the reality of book review and bestseller lists, and how they choos
331、e books for review.New York Writers, New York Stories3：003：45 pm. Green TentPanelists: Cindy Adams, Richard Cohen, Ric Klass and Lauren Redniss.Hosted by Clyde Haberman, columnist (专栏作家) for the City Section of the New York Times.Join this inspiring group of New Yorkcentric writers as they talk abou
332、t why New York is a gold mine of ideas for their work. ()11.If you are free in the afternoon, you can attend_. AThe Art of the Review BNew York Writers, New York Stories CHealth, Wellness and the Politics of FoodDSports Writing: For the Love of the Game()12.If you like sports writing, you will most
333、probably _. Ago to Blue Tent at 11：15 am Benjoy Jami Bernards talk Clisten to Christine Brennan Dattend the Art of the Review()13.Sam Tanenhaus is in charge of _. AThe Art of the Review BHealth, Wellness and the Politics of Food CNew York Writers, New York Stories DSports Writing：For the Love of the
334、 Game ()14.All the four activities above _. Aare about writing Bwill last 45 minutes each Ccan be attended freely Dwill attract many readers()15.We can learn from the text that_. Asports writers are a type of audience Bthe New York Times is popular CDenise Grady will discuss politics Dbook reviews m
335、ay affect book sales(一) 本文是广告阅读，主要介绍主题公园“地球中心”的景点、设施、路线和开放时间。来源:学科网6D细节理解题。根据第二段Why does the Earth Centre attract visitors from all over the world? Because it is the worlds first sustainable(可持续的)development park and it aims to promote the idea of sustainable development to all ages.可判断选D。7B段落大意题。根据
336、There are many impressive attractions. Here are just a few可判断此处介绍主题公园所提供的供游客参观的地方，故选B。8D细节理解题。根据In addition, there are 400 acres of the Country Park to explore with woods, lakes and a wealth of wildlife.可判断选D。9A细节理解题。根据If you feel like spending some money, you can call at the Earth Shop where you ca
337、n buy “sustainability products”such as organic cotton Tshirts可判断选A。10A细节理解题。根据Conisbrough station is next to the entrance to the Earth Centre and is on the Doncaster to Sheffield line可判断选A。（二）本文是广告阅读，主要介绍四项活动开展的时间、成员、主办者及活动的基本内容。11B细节理解题。比较四项活动举行的时间，可判断只有“New York Writers, New York Stories”在下午举行，故选B
338、。12C细节理解题。根据第二个活动的介绍可判断选C。13A细节理解题。根据The Art of the ReviewHosted by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for The New York Times Book Review.可判断选A。14B推理判断题。计算四项活动举行的时间可推断四项活动举行的时间都长达45分钟，故选B。15D推理判断题。根据How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales？Join this group of critics(评论家) as they discuss the
339、reality of book review and bestseller lists, and how they choose books for review可判断选D。文化教育型阅读理解(一)There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art. Washington D .C.has the National Gallery of Art (美术馆); Paris has the Louvre; London, the British Museum. Florida Internati
340、onal University (FIU) in Miami also shows art for people to see. And it does so without a building, or even a wall for its drawings and paintings. FIU has opened what it says is the first computer art museum in the United States. You dont have to visit the University to see the art. You just need a
341、computer linked to a telephone. You can call the telephone number of a University computer and connect your own computer to it. All of the art is stored in the school computer. It is computer art, produced electronically (采用电子手段) by artists in their own computers. In only a few minutes, your compute
342、r can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings. Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum. He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their work. A computer artist could only record his pictures electronically and send the records, or floppy discs (
343、软盘), to others to see on their computers. He could also put his pictures on paper. But to print good pictures in paper, the computer artist needed an expensive laser (激光) printer. Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mostly for art or computer students at schools and universities. Many of th
344、e pictures in the museum are made by students. Mr Shostak says the FIU museum will make computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it. He says artists will enjoy their work much more if they have an_audience. And the great number of home computers in America could mean a
345、huge audience for the electronic museum.()1.The main purpose of this text is to give information about_.Afamous museums through the worldBa computer art museum in Miami, US.A.Cart exhibitions in Florida International UniversityDlatest development in computer art()2.To see the art in FIU museum, your
346、 special needs include_.Afloppy discs Ba computer and a printerCpictures and drawings on paperDa computer connected to the museum by telephone line()3.What are stored in this museum?APaintings drawn by means of computer. BDifferent styles of paintings.COld paintings. DDrawings done by art students o
347、f FIU.()4.The museum was started when_.ARobert Shostak wanted to do something for computer scientistsBRobert Shostak wanted to help computer artistsCart students needed a place to show their worksDcomputer scientists wanted to do something about art()5.The words “an audience” in the last paragraph h
348、ere refer to _.Aart students Bowners of computersCexhibits in the museum Dthose who can enjoy art(二)Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21yearold twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband l
349、ost his job, and the plan fell apart. “I have two kids in college, and I want to say come home， but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education，” says Jacobs.The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his bor
350、rowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear from more families like the Jacobses.More students are applying for
351、 aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around. At the same time, tuition(学费)continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fe
352、es increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade. “If we go on this way for another 25 years, we wont have an affordable system of higher education，” says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middl
353、e class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.” Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making t
354、hem. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.()11.According to Paragraph 1，why did the plan of the Jacobs family fail?AThe twins wasted too much money. BThe father was out of work.
355、CTheir savings ran out. DThe family fell apart.()12.How did the Jacobses manage to solve their problem? A. They asked their kids to come home. B. They borrowed $20,000 from the schools. CThey encouraged their twin sons to do parttime jobs.DThey got help from the schools and the federal government.()
356、13.Financial aid administrators believe that _. A. more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses B. the government will receive more letters of complaint Ccollege tuition fees will double soon D. Americas unemployment will fall ()14.What can we learn about the middle class families from t
357、he text? A. They blamed the government for the tuition increase.B. Their income remained steady in the last decade. CThey will try their best to send kids to college.D. Their debts will be paid off within 25 years. ()15.According to the last paragraph, the government will _. A. provide most students
358、 with scholarships B. dismiss some financial aid administratorsCstop the companies from making student loansD. go on providing financial support for college students (一) 本文讲述了位于迈阿密州的佛罗里达国际大学的电子艺术博物馆的与众不同。1B主旨大意题。作者首先在文章开头介绍世界著名图书馆， 接着引出迈阿密州的佛罗里达国际大学，接下来文章详细地介绍了它的电子艺术博物馆，因此 B为最佳答案。2D细节理解题。根据第三段开头You
359、can call the telephone number of a University computer and connect your own computer to it可知答案。3A细节理解题。从第三段中It is computer art, produced electronically得此答案。4 B推理判断题。从第四段He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their work看，Robert Shostak 开办这家电子艺术博物馆的目的是为艺术家们创造一个展示艺术
360、的天地，因此B为最佳答案。在此C有较大干扰性，从文章最后一段看似乎这一答案正确，然而从第三段看，这家电子艺术博物馆是面对所有的艺术家，而并非只对艺术学生。5D 词义猜测题。根据文中的“artists will enjoy their work much more”可推断此处的观众是指观赏艺术品的观众，尤其可推断选D。(二)随着Diana Jacobs丈夫的失业，她供养两个双胞胎儿子上大学的计划泡汤了。他们不得不向学校申请更多的援助，把助学贷款提高到最大额度。宁愿背负巨额的债务，他们也要提供给孩子们良好的教育。很多家庭也处于同样的困境，政府正在努力保证贷款资金以帮助那些困难的家庭。11. B细节
361、理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知答案为B。12. D细节理解题。根据第三段中They asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program.可以判断正确答案为D。13. A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话以及后面更详细的说明可知，将有更多的家庭面临像Jacobs一家同样的问题，因此选A。14. C细节理解题。由倒数第二段的The middle class famili
362、esThey will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.可知，中产阶级不惜任何代价送他们的孩子上大学。由此可知正确答案为C。15. D推理判断题。根据最后一段federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.可以判断政府会继续给大学生们提供资金支持。史地常识型阅读
363、理解(一)The Best of AlaskaNothing evokes(唤起) Alaska like a whale exploding out of the water or an eagle pulling a silver fish from the river. Combine these images with high mountains, brilliant icebergs and wonderful meals and you really do have the Best of Alaska! Join us for an unforgettable 7day exc
364、ursion(远足) to the last frontier!Highlights：JUNEAU: Juneau, the state capital, is rich in culture and scenic beauty. It is here that we start and end our trip.HAINES: Haines is a small community located along the fjords(海湾). The natural beauty and expansive wilderness found here have made Haines a pr
365、emier center for adventure in Alaska. ALASKA INDIAN ARTS: Alaska Indian Arts is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to the preservation and continuation of traditional native craft and culture of the Northwest Native Tribes. We spend a few hours learning carving, native beading(玻璃珠) and culture from t
366、hese master artists.SKAGWAY: Skagway is a lively town, which still reflects its gold rush roots and contains colorful shops. In Skagway, we stop by the Klondike Gold Rush National Park Visitors Center and ride the White Pass Yukon Route Railway.GUSTAVUS: Gustavus is the gateway to Glacier Bay Nation
367、al Park. Well stay at a comfortable lodge here for two nights. This will be the base for both the whalewatching excursion and a full day cruise in Glacier Bay.DATES/PRICES: 2012: May 15, June 17, July 16, August 14.7 days$3500, including lodging, all meals, excursions, guides, park fees, sales taxes
368、, and transportation between Juneau, Skagway, Haines, and Gustavus. Not included: Alcohol, personal items, airfare to and from Juneau.Contact: Email: infoCall: 8007663396Write: Alaska Mountain Guides & Climbing School PO. Box 1081, Haines AK 99827()6.You can feel the history of the local place at _.
369、AJuneau BSkagway CHaines DGustavus()7.You can watch a whale exploding out of the water at _.AGlacier Bay National Park Bthe Klondike Gold Rush National ParkCthe White Pass Yukon Dthe fjords()8.According to the advertisement, the participants of the excursion _. Awill spend one day experiencing the l
370、ocal culture at Alaska Indian ArtsBcan contact Alaska Mountain Guides & Climbing School by email or faxCare able to experience some adventurous activities in HainesDcan get lots of traditional native artworks free of charge()9.Which of the following is a participant required to pay additional fees?
371、AGoing from Gustavus to Juneau by train. BA full day cruise in Glacier Bay.CHaving the last supper at Juneau. DFlying from Juneau to his hometown.()10.It is known from the advertisement that _. Athe native culture of the Northwest Native Tribes is dying outBJuneau, as the state capital, is much more
372、 beautiful than HainesCSkagway was the richest town of Alaska in the pastDAlaska is famous for its culture, history and natural beauty(二)People have been acting like peoplein other words, theyve been making tools, creating ceremonies, and sharing foodfor a long time. Thats the conclusion of a recent
373、 study from South Africas southern coast. There, in a cave lying above the sea, researchers from Arizona State University have found evidence that humans were behaving in surprisingly complex ways as early as 164,000 years ago. Our species, Homo sapiens, appeared an estimated 200,000 years ago. The
374、cave held three important clues about the behavior of these Stone Age people. First, the researchers found the remains of all kinds of shellfish. The people who lived in the cave probably collected these creatures from rocky shores and tide pools and brought them to the cave to eat. The researchers
375、propose the early Africans moved to the South African coast between 195,000 and 130,000 years ago. Around that time, the climate inland turned relatively cold and dry. Therefore, there were fewer plants and animals to eat away from the coast. When these ancient people moved to the coast, they probab
376、ly experienced a major cultural shift, the researchers suspect. Thats because observations of modern huntergatherer societies suggest that men are more likely to hunt for big animals when people live inland. On the coast, women play a more important role in providing food by gathering plants and she
377、llfish. As for the second clue, the researchers unearthed 57 pieces of reddish pigment(颜料). The researchers think that the cave habitants used the paint for coloring their bodies or for other ceremonies. Symbolic behavior is a clearly human feature. Finally, the search discovered over 1,800 stone to
378、ols, including wellcrafted blades(刀片). These blades came in various sizes. The smallest were just less than a halfinch wide. Ancient people may have attached these blades to the end of a stick to make spears or other tools. ()11.What is the passage mainly about? AAncient cave behavior. BNew evidence
379、 of ancient life. CThe history of human beings. DHuman behaviors development.()12.The early Africans moved to the South African coast with the main purpose of _. Aavoiding badly cold and dry weather Bseeking the cultural development Cseeking enough food to live on Dliving a newer and better life()13
380、.According to the passage, the cave habitants_.Aknew how to use colors for decoration Bmade a living largely by hunting animalsConly could made tools with rough blades Dcould hunt for fish in the sea with ships()14.After the early Africans moved to the coast, what probably happened to their culture?
381、 AWomens role was as important as mens role in families. BThey were no longer used to living inlands but living on the coast.CMens role was more important than womens role in earning food.DWomens role was more important than mens role in earning food.()15.The new discoveries in the cave should suppo
382、rt the theory that _. Amodern human behavior developed smoothly fast from the ancient timeBmodern human behavior developed slowly from the ancient time CSouth Africa is the birthplace of the earliest human beings in the world Dmodern human behavior is largely the same as ancient human behavior(一)本则广
383、告主要介绍了阿拉斯加州的自然景观及其历史文化以吸引游客。6B细节理解题。根据Skagway is a lively town, which still reflects its gold rush roots and contains colorful shops.可判断选B。7A细节理解题。根据Gustavus is the gateway to Glacier Bay National Park. Well stay at a comfortable lodge here for two nights. This will be the base for both the whalewat
384、ching excursion and a full day cruise in Glacier Bay.可判断选A。8C推理判断题。根据Haines is a small community located along the fjords(海湾). The natural beauty and expansive wilderness found here have made Haines a premier center for adventure in Alaska.可推断选C。9D细节理解题。根据including lodging, all meals, excursions, gu
385、ides, park fees, sales taxes, and transportation between Juneau, Skagway, Haines, and Gustavus. Not included: Alcohol, personal items, airfare to and from Juneau.可判断选D。10D推理判断题。根据“Highlights”介绍的几处景点可知，它们要么以当地历史或文化，要么以当地自然景观而出名。由此不难推断，阿拉斯加州以其历史、文化和自然景观出名。(二)在南非南部海岸一个洞穴里所发现的古代非洲人的行为说明：人类自古以来一直就像人一样地生活
386、，即一直制造工具，创立仪式和分享食物，最后经过漫长的历史发展到今天。11A主旨大意题。文章首先提出：古代人类一直就像人那样地生活，接着指出：在南非南部海岸一个洞穴里发现的古代非洲人的行为线索就说明这一点，之后第三段提出The cave held three important clues about the behavior of these Stone Age people.下文便介绍“The cave habitants behavior”，由此判断全文的主要内容是：Ancient cave behavior。B项过于抽象，C、D两项与文章内容不符合。12C细节理解题。根据第五段Aroun
387、d that time, the climate inland turned relatively cold and dry. Therefore, there were fewer plants and animals to eat away from the coast.可知，古代非洲人是因为内陆气候相对寒冷干燥致使能吃的动植物越来越少才不得不南迁至海岸，由此可知，其南迁的主要目的是为了寻找食物求生存。故选C。13A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The researchers think that the cave habitants used the paint for coloring t
388、heir bodies or for other ceremonies.可知，洞穴人会用颜料装饰，故选A。非洲人南迁才成了洞穴人，捕猎是他们南迁成为洞穴人之前的生活方式，故排除B；C项错在“onlyrough blades”；D项内容在文中未提到。14D细节理解题。根据第六段men are more likely to hunt for big animals when people live inland. On the coast, women play a more important role in providing food by gathering plants and shel
389、lfish.可判断D项正确。15B推理判断题。由第一段可知，在南非南部海岸一个洞穴里发现的古代非洲人的行为线索说明了：人类自古以来一直就像人那样地生活，即一直制造工具，创立仪式和分享食物，最后经过漫长的历史发展到今天，即：现代人的行为是从古代逐渐发展而来的，故选B项。社会生活型阅读理解(一)(一)School meals are junk and dont provide the nutrition a body needs to grow, says Jamie Oliver, and he decides to do something about it. Schoolchildren i
390、n France who eat school dinners are likely to have a wellbalanced, fourcourse meal with fresh ingredients (成分) costing up to 1.10 to make. But British schoolchildren are fed mainly cheapprocessed meat, frozen pizzas and potato smiley faces, costing on average just 37 pence per meal. In fact the mone
391、y spent on school dinners is so small that schools can afford only whatsome people describe as junk food rather than fresh natural ingredients. This means that their meals dont provide the nutrients and goodness childrens bodies need to develop properly. No wonder theres growing concern about the he
392、alth of the nations schoolchildren. Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver was so concerned about school dinners that he decided to try to improve them by teaming up with the kitchen staff at Kidbrooke School in Grenwich. He took a lot of time to learn how to get the kids to stop eating the junk and move to he
393、althy food. This is not easy! But it is possible with some hard work and determination! After a lot of hard work from both Jamie and the schools cooks, Kidbrooke is now serving some of the best school food in Britain. The menu includes fresh butchers sausages with creamy mash and onion gravy, chilli
394、 corn with basmati rice and fresh fruit salad. Incredibly, Jamie and the staff managed to create this healthier menu with the same 37 pence budget. But the school chefs admit cooking healthy food isnt as easy as simply putting burgers and chips in the oven. Then came the good news! The government ha
395、s promised to spend 280 million to improve school dinners across the country. Well done Jamie! This means that the national average cost will rise from 37p to 50p in primary schools and from 37p to 60p in secondary schools.()1.What does the author try to tell us in the first paragraph? ASchool meals
396、 in France are the most expensive in the world. BBritish schools dont provide the students with healthy food. CSchool meals in Britain are cheaper than those in France. DBritish school meals include many kinds of healthy food.()2.British schools provide students with such meals because_. Amost of th
397、e school children are too fat Bpeople show little concern about the health of schoolchildren Cschools dont have enough money Dschools dont want to spend much money()3.From the passage we can see that_. Athe British government ignores schoolchildrens health BJamie creates a healthy menu with the help
398、 of the government Cschoolchildren in Britain will have the best meals Dcooking healthy food is not an easy job()4.The good news for the British is that_. Aschoolchildren will have the best food in Britain Bthe menu Jamie Oliver created is the best Cparents have begun to pay attention to childrens f
399、ood at school Dthe government has begun to do something about the fact()5.What is the best title for this newspaper story? AA Healthier Menu for School DinnersBSchoolchildren in Britain Cant Develop Properly CDinners Lacking Nutrients in School DSchools with the Best Food(二)Life comes in a package.
400、This package includes happiness and sorrow, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning process. Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person. With each passing day we learn to handle various situations.LoveLove plays a pivotal role in our life. Love makes you f
401、eel wanted. Without love a person could go hayward(不归路) and also become cruel and ferocious. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who show us with unconditional love and care; they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted.
402、It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better.Happiness and SorrowMaterialistic happiness is shortlived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on other
403、s face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and pass away.F
404、ailure and Success来源:Zxxk.ComFailure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and selfrespect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder. The only way to show our gratitude to G
405、od for bestowing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to the less fortunate ones.Hope and DespairHope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us not to despair even in the dark
406、est hour, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice keep moving on in life and be hopeful.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So_the_on
407、ly_alternative_is_to_work_hard_today,_so_that_we_will_enjoy_a_better_tomorrow.()11.In the passage, the author compares life to _.Aa packageBjoy and sorrowCfailure and success Dhope and despair ()12.In which section can readers probably read the passage?AOpinions. BPolitics. CEducation. DLifestyles.(
408、)13.How is the passage organized?AIn order of rules. BIn order of frequency.CBy making comparison. DIn order of importance.()14.Whats the general meaning of the last sentence of the whole passage?AIf you work hard, youll have a better life in the future.BWhen choosing between “today” and “tomorrow”，
409、 youd better enjoy tomorrow.CWhat you only can choose is to work hard today rather than tomorrow.DEnjoying a better tomorrow is your only choice.()15.Whats the purpose of the passage?ATo encourage people to love each other.BTo tell people how to deal with happiness and sorrow.CTo remind people of ke
410、eping having a beautiful dream.DTo give readers some information about life. (一)在英国，学生在学校的饮食健康问题令人担忧。令人欣慰的是，政府已经意识到问题的严重性，并着手改进。1B根据第一段开头School meals are junk and dont provide the nutrition a body needs to grow判断可知。来源:Z。xx。k.Com2C第二段的第一句谈到主要的原因是学校没有足够的钱。 3.D根据第三段结尾cooking healthy food isnt as easy a
411、s simply putting burgers and chips in the oven判断可知。 4D 由最后一段可知选D。政府已意识到了这个问题并许诺提高学校饭菜的质量。5A本文讲述一个厨师精心研究出一套健康食谱以解决英国学校较差的饮食状况，故选A项。 (三) 人生好似一个盒子，这个盒子里藏着快乐与悲伤、成功与失败，希望与绝望。人生也是一个学习的过程。那些经历给我们上了全新的课，让我们变得更好。随着每一天的流逝，我们学会了处理各种各样的问题。11A细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Life comes in a package.得出答案。12C推理判断题。本文属于一篇励志教育的短文，根据其主
412、要意思可以确定其来源应该是“教育栏目”，而其他几个选项所应涉及的不是这类话题。13C文章结构题。考查短文是怎样组织的，从几个小标题Happiness and Sorrow ，Failure and Success 和Hope and Despair可以看出，作者使用的是“对比或比较”的方式写作的。14A 句意猜测题。句中alternative是“选择”的意思，整句意思和A项接近。15D主旨大意题。推测作者写这篇文章的意图，A、B和C三项显然只涉及文中的部分内容，不能概括全文的目的，只有D项比较全面，体现了作者的意图。社会生活型阅读理解(二)(一)Someday a stranger will
413、read your email without your permission or scan the websites youve visited.Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact，its likely that some of these things have already happened to you.
414、Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a girlfriend，a marketing company, a boss，a policeman or a criminal.Whoever it is，they will see you in a way you never intended to be seenthe 21st century equal to being caught naked(裸露的)Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, though its
415、important to reveal(透露)yourself to friends，family and lovers in stages，at appropriate times.Actually few boundaries remain.The digital breadcrumbs(面包屑)you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are，where you are and what you like.In some cases，a simple Google search can r
416、eveal what you think.Like it or not，increasingly we_live_in_a_world_where_you_simply_cannot_keep_a_secret. The key question is：Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is“no”When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found
417、 a majority of people are pessimistic about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is“slipping away, and that bothers me”But people say one thing and do another.Only a small part of Americans change any behavior in an effort to preserve their privacy.Few people turn d
418、own a discount at tollbooths(收费亭)to avoid using the EZPass system that contracts(跟踪) automobile movements.And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards.Privacy economist Alessandro Acquits has run a series of tests that reveal people will submit personal information like Social Security numbers just t
419、o get their hands on a pitiful 50centoff coupon(优惠券)But privacy does matterat least sometimes.Its like health: when you have it，you dont notice it.Only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it.()1.From Paragraph 2，we can infer_. Acriminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced te
420、chnology Bpeople tend to be more frank with each other in the information age Cin the 21st century people try every means to look into others secrets Dpeoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge()2.What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends? AThe
421、re should be a distance even between friends. BThere should be fewer quarrels between friends. CFriends should always be faithful to each other. DFriends should open their hearts to each other.()3.Why does the author say“we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret”？ AThere are always pe
422、ople who are curious about others affairs. BMany search engines profit by revealing peoples identities. CPeople leave traces around when using modern technology. DModern society has finally developed into an open society.()4.What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection? AThey change b
423、ehavior that might disclose their identity. BThey talk a lot but hardly do anything about it. CThey rely more and more on electronic equipment. DThey use various loyalty cards for business deals.()5.According to the passage，privacy is like health in that _. Aits importance is rarely understood Bit i
424、s something that can easily be lost Cpeople will make every effort to keep it Dpeople dont treasure it until they lose it(二)Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now，and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of th
425、e new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them；often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers. Of course somet
426、imes there were real disasters(灾难) which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes.Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore.At such times, there were inquiries into the caus
427、es of the disasters or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries；however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill. Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U. S
428、， for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell.A third department looks at the places where people work，and the
429、n reports any company that is breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course，new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness，but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars whi
430、ch we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.()11.The main topic of the passage is_.Aconditions in the work place Bthe freedom of industries in the pastCchanges in industrial production Dthe safety and health of
431、 workers and customers()12.It can be inferred from the passage that in the past_.Aworkers often got ill because of the poor working conditionsBcompanies were free to put out any products they wanted toCmany people were killed by dangerous productsDindustries were as careful in management as they are
432、 today()13.It is implied in the passage that_.Agovernments and companies had different opinions about the safety of productsBgovernments paid little attention to the safety of productsCgovernment officials often did not listen to scientistsDin the past no safety laws were introduced by governments()
433、14.Some years ago safety rules_.Awere put forward due to scientists recommendationsBcame into being as a result of the workers demandsCwere introduced because quite a number of people were killed or seriously injuredDwere effective enough to protect workers and customers()15.The special departments
434、protect customers and workers in many ways EXCEPT by_.Atesting new products Bcontrolling the sale of productsCdesigning new products Dinspecting work places(一)主要论述在当今信息时代，个人信息因受他人窃取，而影响到私人空间。1D推理判断题。第二段提到，有谁会不经过你的许可就会注视着你呢？可能是女朋友、营销公司、老板、警察或者是罪犯。无论他是谁，他们都会以你从来没有意想到的方式看着你。而注视你的人自然能获取你的个人信息，故可推断，人们的个人
435、信息很容易在他们不知晓的情况下被他人获取。故选D。2A细节理解题。第三段Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, though its important to reveal(透露)yourself to friends，family and lovers in stages，at appropriate times.提到，尽管在适当的时候向朋友、家人或爱人坦诚自己是重要的，但分界线是重要的，即：人与人之间还应该有适当的距离。由此判断选A。其他选项不符合文意。3C推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者认为，与朋友之间应该有适当的距离，但实际上这种距离
436、很少存在。因为你留下的电子面包屑(即电子痕迹)使陌生人很容易窃取你的个人资料。所以作者说，不管你喜欢或不喜欢，我们愈加生活在一个不能保密的世界里，故选C。其他选项不符合文意。4B细节理解题。根据When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found a majority of people are pessimistic about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they
437、feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me”可知，大多数美国人希望保留私人空间，但根据But people say one thing and do another.Only a small part of Americans change any behavior in an effort to preserve their privacy.可知，他们对保护私人空间做得少。故选B。5D 细节理解题。根据最后一段But privacy does matterat least sometimes.Its like healt
438、h: when you have it，you dont notice it.Only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it.可知，私人空间如同健康一样，拥有的时候不注意，失去的时候才觉得珍惜。由此判断选D。(二)本文为说明文。文中首先指出在过去，工人在工作中、顾客使用新产品时的安全与健康得不到保障，导致一些灾难的发生。这致使政府采取相关政策，以保障人们的安全与健康。11D主旨大意题。全文通过对比过去与现在，说明了全文的主题是：工人与顾客的安全与健康。故选D。12A推理判断题。根据第一段often conditions i
439、n the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers可推断过去工人常常因工作环境的恶劣而生病，故选A。13D推理判断题。根据二段however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.可推断政府过去并未引进相关的安全措施，故选D。14C细节理解题。根据第二段New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inq
440、uiries可判断选C。15C细节理解题。分析最后一段可知，C项内容不符合文意，故选C。科普知识型阅读理解(一)(一)When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energyefficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks. But it was the boxfish (盒子鱼)that interested them. “We were surprised when this clumsylooking fi
441、sh became our model for designing an aerodynamic (空气动力学的)car”，says Thomas Weber. He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler. An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency. The boxfish may look clumsy, but it can start, stop，back up and zigzag (曲折前进)t
442、hrough the water with ease. And it does all this using surprisingly little energy. Daimlers bionic (仿生学的)car is modeled on the fishs boxy skeletal (骨骼的) system. Like the fish, the car is fast and drives easily. Its efficient too. The science behind natureinspired inventions is called biomimicry (生物仿
443、生). Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term. As cofounder of the Biomimicry Guild, she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Natures best ideas. This month，the Natures 100 Best List will be revealed at the World Conservation Congress (代表大会)i
444、n Barcelona，Spain. Benyus coauthored the list of natureinspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli. In Zimbabwe，a country in southern Africa，engineers designed energyefficient buildings modeled on termite (白蚁)mounds (土堆). The buildings use vents (孔) to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool.
445、 A company in Atlanta，US，developed a selfcleaning paint modeled on the lotus (荷花)leaf. When the paint dries，it becomes bumpy (不平的)，just like the lotus leaf. Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off，carrying dirt along with them. Nature has done billions of years of research. Only the bestdesigned p
446、roducts have survived. Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work，says Benyus. For scientists and inventors, the possibilities for copying nature are limitless. Technology may never be as efficient as nature, or as colorful. But that doesnt mean we should stop trying to learn from the
447、 world around us. Take a walk outside. Watch a squirrel climb up a tree. Look closely at the veins (纹理)of a leaf. Hear the birds chirping in the trees. Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.()6.Which is TRUE according to the passage? AIn America a selfcleaning paint was modele
448、d on the lotus flower. BZimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems. CAfter the boxfish，many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature. DNature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.()7.The clumsylooking boxfish interested the scientis
449、ts because of the following reasons EXCEPT that_. Ait swims using little energy Bbeing boxy, it looks quite like a car Csome engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water Dit is a speedy swimmer()8.Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum? AThey wanted to pay a
450、 visit to the animals there because they were so lovely. BThey wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins. CThey wanted to search for a model to base on for building a moreefficient car. DThey wanted to study the science of survival.()9.We can infer all of the following from the passage
451、EXCEPT _. Ait is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the sky Bthe atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original idea Cdolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists，inventions or creations Dif you observe and explore nat
452、ure，you may make great discoveries or become great inventors()10.Whats the main idea of the passage? AHow Daimlers bionic car came into being. BNature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to. CScientists and inventors contribution to modern industry comes from nature. DThe Natures 100
453、Best List.(二)If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2012.The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its carplane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2012.“Its the next wow vehicle，”said Terrafugia vice president Richard
454、 Gersh.“Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris dont fly.”The car plane has wings that unfold for flyinga process the company says takes one minuteand fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives tha
455、n a car that flies, although it is both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper
456、way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then youre good to go. When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you dont have t
457、o store it at an airportyou park it in the garage at home. The carplane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive und
458、er bad weather instead of flying into marginal(临界)conditions.The Transitions price tag: $194,000. But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS. Another option is a fullplane parachute.“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option，” Ger
459、sh said.So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits. “Were working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps，” Brown said.()11.We can learn from the first paragraph that_.Acarplanes will be popular in 2012Bpeople might drive a carplane in 2012Cboth Transition and
460、 Ferrari can take off and landDRichard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts()12.It takes the carplane one minute to_.Afold and unfold its wings Bunfold wings for flyingCland in the airport Dmeet flying safety regulations()13.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?AThe c
461、arplane needs a runway to take off and land. BTo meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.CThe carplane may fly as high as normal planes.DPeople can park the carplane in the garage at their home.()14.The underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refers to_.Athe radio
462、 Bthe transponder Cthe GPS Dthe fullplane parachute()15.Whats the best title for the passage?ACars With Wings May Be Just Around The CornerBWhich To Choose: A Ferrari Or A CarPlane?CA More Convenient And Cheaper Way To FlyDCars With Wings Can Fly As Fast As Plane (一)本文为科普说明文，主要介绍在生物仿生学上的一些运用实例。6D细节理
463、解题。根据最后一段可推断大自然是开发技术的源泉，故选D。A项不符合A company in Atlanta, US, developed a selfcleaning paint modeled on the lotus (荷花) leaf；B项不符合In Zimbabwe, a country in southern Africa, engineers designed energyefficient buildings modeled on termite (白蚁)mounds (土堆)；C项文章未提及。7C细节理解题。选项中A、B、D三项均符合第三段The boxfish may loo
464、k clumsy, but it can start, stop, back up and zigzag (曲折前进)through the water with ease. And it does all this using surprisingly little energy. Daimlers bionic (仿生学的)car is modeled on the fishs boxy skeletal (骨骼的) system.唯有C项不符合文意，故选C。8C细节理解题。根据第一段When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more
465、energyefficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.可判断选C。9B推理判断题。本文主要介绍在生物仿生学上的一些运用实例，从而说明大自然是开发技术的源泉。A、C和D三项都符合生物仿生的道理，而B项无法从文中推断出来，故选B。10B主旨大意题。本文先是介绍生物仿生学的一些实际应用，而后在最后一段深化主题：大自然已经激发了很多发明，但我们仍需继续向大自然学习，故选B。(二)本文为说明文，主要介绍2011年末即将上市的一种汽车飞机的性能、特点与价格等。11B细节理解题。
466、根据第一段The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its carplane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2012.可知选B。12B细节理解题。根据第三段The car plane has wings that unfold for flyinga process the company says takes one minuteand fold back up for driving.可判断选B。13C细节理解题。
467、C项不符合The carplane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers.可判断选C。14D词义猜测题。根据Another option is a fullplane parachute.和“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option，” Gersh said.的过渡关系，再结合
468、句中的“a very awful situation”可推断it应指降落伞，故选D。15A主旨大意题。综合全文可知，全文主要介绍2012年末即将上市的汽车飞机的性能、特点与价格等，由此判断选A。科普知识型阅读理解(二)(一)Plants have family values, too, it seems, with new research suggesting they can recognize close relatives in order to work together.An ability to tell family from strangers is well known i
469、n animals, allowing them to cooperate and share resources, but plants may possess similar social skills, scientists believe.Susan Dudley and Amanda File of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, report they have demonstrated for the first time that plants can recognize their kin.This suggests that
470、plants, though lacking recognition and memory, are capable of complex social interactions.“Plants have this kind of hidden but complicated social life，” Dudley said.The study found plants from the same species of beachdwelling wildflower grew aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors but were less
471、competitive when they shared soil with their families.Sea rocket, a North American species, showed stronger and healthier root growth when planted in pots with strangers than when raised with relatives from the same maternal(母系的) family, the study found.This is an example of kin selection, a behavio
472、r common in animals in which closely related individuals take a group approach to succeeding in their environment, the researchers said.Kin selection also applies to competition, because if family members compete less with each other, the group will do better overall. “Everywhere you look, plants ar
473、e growing right up next to other plants，” Dudley said，“ Usually its a case of each plant for itself. But sometimes those plants are related, and there are benefits to not wasting resources on being competitive, and there is not really a cost to not being competitive as long as your neighbor is also
474、not being competitive.”Learning and memory appear to be important for kin recognition in animals, but this isnt an option for plants, she noted.Some researchers speculate(猜测) that plants communicate through their roots, identifying themselves using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plants fa
475、mily.()6.Whats the main idea of the message?AStudies find plants can recognize, communicate with relatives.BKin selection is important for plants.CAnimals can recognize and memorize their relatives.DCompetition asks plants to recognize their relatives.()7.Which of the following is NOT right about an
476、imals social skill?AAnimals can recognize and memorize their relatives.BAnimals social skill is to cooperate and share resources.CAnimals social skill can recognize close relatives in order to work together.DAnimals social skill is no use at all.()8.Plants kin selection is to _. Agrow well Bcompete
477、with other kinds of plants Cstrengthen the relationship among siblings Dfind which one is the best()9.From the passage，we learn that _.Asea rocket is a South American species Bsea rocket grows aggressively alongside unrelated neighborsCsea rocket grows aggressively alongside its siblingsDsea rocket
478、is a kind of bush without flowers ()10.How can the plants communicate with each other according to experts suppose?APlants communicate by using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plants family.BPlants communicate with each other through their roots.CPlants communicate with each other by their
479、 leaves.DPlants communicate with each other with their flowers.(二)Schools are almost all connected to the Internet. But some have more technology, and use it more, than others. For example, some schools use computers for activities like video conferencing, to bring the world into the classroom. And
480、some classrooms are equipped with things like a Smart Board, a kind of interactive whiteboard. Interactive whiteboards are large displays for presentations. They connect to a computer and can operate by touch. They can be used for documents or writing or to project video. Some teachers are trying cr
481、eative new ways to teach with devices like iPods and mobile phones. But educators say the most important thing, as always, is the content. Yet technology can have special importance in some cases. Cosmobot is a therapy robot. It stands about half a meter tall and has a blue body and a friendly face
482、with big eyes.One child who works with it is sixyearold Kevin Fitzgerald. Kevin has developmental dyspraxia;_he has difficulty moving his mouth and tongue. He works with Carole SemangoSprouse as he interacts with the Cosmobot during therapy for his condition. Here, he uses a set of buttons attached
483、to a computer to make the silent robot move forward, backward or around in circles. Kevins mother thinks the robot has had a calming influence, helping her son get along better with his friends.Cosmobot was developed by Anthro Tronix. Corinna Lathan started the company ten years ago to work with chi
484、ldren with cerebral palsy, Downs syndrome, autism and other developmental disabilities. Children become friends with the robot, she says. That can have a big effect on their behavior, helping them work harder and longer in therapy sessions. Corinna Lathan is currently working with a British company
485、to develop other socially helpful robots. She says they are still considered research tools in the United States, and not used as much as in places like Britain and Japan. But she hopes to change that. ()11.Its known from the text that _. Aschools have easy access to the Internet todayBnew technolog
486、y is seldom applied to teachingCthe Internet is of equal importance in schoolsDusing computers for activities is laborsaving()12.Which of the following is NOT right about Smart Board?AIts a kind of teaching facility. BIt can be used to project video. CIts a display for presentation. DIts not easy to
487、 be connected to computers.()13.Whats “dyspraxia” according to the text?ASpeech barrier. BMovement disorder.CVisual impairment. DLoss of memory.()14.Which of the following is RIGHT according to the text?ACosmobot is designed to play with. BCosmobot is costly and not userfriendly.CCosmobot can be con
488、trolled by a computer.DAnthro Tronix is a designer of a certain company.()15.What can we learn from Corinna Lathan? AShes employed by a British company. BCosmobot is popular around the world. CShe wants to make previous products widespread. DIPods and mobile phones are valued in class. (一)本文是科普说明文。科
489、学家经过研究发现：和动物一样，植物也有亲属选择的习性，同时排挤其他种类植物。同时介绍了同系植物之间不竞争的原因、作用以及交流方式。6A 主旨大意题。全文说明研究发现：植物也可以辨别亲属，和亲属交流共生而和其他植物生长在一起时则疯狂排挤竞争。7D 细节理解题。从第二段可以判断出动物的社会能力非常有用，是为了合作，为了共享资源，而不是没用。来源:学,科,网8B 细节理解题。从倒数第三段看出，植物的亲属判断力是为了竞争。9B 推理判断题。倒数第五段提到sea rocket和其他种类的植物长在一起时根系发达，具有侵略性，这是为了和其他植物竞争，夺取更多的资源。10B 细节理解题。最后一段说明科学家猜测
490、植物之间的交流可能是用根进行的，用微小的化学成分去验明是否是亲属。(二)文中报道科学技术的广泛运用。Smart Board, iPods and mobile phones等用于学校课堂；Cosmobot用于治病等。11A 细节理解题。文中第一段第一句讲到Schools are almost all connected to the Internet.几乎所有的学校都与互联网相连接。所以选A。12D 细节理解题。从第二段可知Smart Boards是一种教学设备，能用于投影及教学展示，但没谈到它不容易与计算机连接。13B 词义猜测题。第五段信息he has difficulty moving
491、his mouth and tongue.表明dyspraxia是一种运动方面的障碍。14C 推理判断题。第六段谈到信息attached to a computer to make the silent robot move forward, backward or around in circles.这表明“Cosmobot”能受计算机控制。15C 推理判断题。最后一段信息讲到research tools in the United States, and not used as much as in places like Britain and Japan. But she hopes to change that.可知选C。
