1、非谓语动词，意思就是不能在句中充当谓语。但是，作为一个动词，它还是有个动作的执行者（主动关系）或承受者（被动关系），我们将之称为其“逻辑主语”。下面的练习要求是：A：找出该非谓语的逻辑主语，并指出与该动词是主动关系还是被动关系；B:指出非谓语的动作是发生在主句动作之前还是之后；C:或指出其在句中所作的成分；1.Having realized that I could use kite to attract the lightning,I decided to do the experiment.2.The bell rang,all the boys and girls went out of
2、 their classroom,singing and jumping.3.The boys swimming in the sea were in danger.4.They hearing the news,their tears came down their cheek.5.When taken following its directions,the drug has no neglect effect 主动主动主动主动被动二、感受从一般句子转换为含非谓语部分（分词）的句子方法（一）：由定语从句改为分词短语的方法：1若关系词之后有 be 动词(限be 在结构be+V-ing或be+
3、V-ed中时)则删去关系代词和be，其它成分不变。Eg.A).Watch the men who are coming this way.Watch the man coming this way.B).Lessons which are learned easily are soon forgottenC).The dog was beaten yesterday is dead.Lessons learned easily are soon forgottenThe dog beaten yesterday is dead.2若关系词之后没有 be 动词(限be 在结构be+V-ing或b
4、e+V-ed中时)而是一般的动词则删去关系词，再将动词改为-ing形式,其它不变。A).Anyone who wishes to leave early may do so.Anyone wishing to leave early may do so.The boy sitting near the window was good at playing football.We see the stream rising from the hole.B).The boy who sat near the window was good at playing football.C)We see
5、the stream which rises from the hole.方法（二）：由状语从句改为分词短语的方法。A）.先将引导状语从句的连接词去掉。B）.如果状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，则去掉从句主语；不相同，则保留从句主语（亦称独立主格结构）C）.再将原状语从句的谓语动词变成ing 形式，补充：当状语从句的谓语含有be+V-ing（进行时结构）或be+V-ed（被动式）时，也可能将be 去掉,其它部分不变。注意：若主句动词为现在时，而状语从句的动词为过去时，那么为了表示状语从句的动作时间早于主句的动词，则变分词短语是应改为完成式。转换练习：1.状语从句主语与主句主语相同。（逆向法：即分
6、词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语）1).After I had heard from my brother,I felt much happy2).As he is ill,he cant attend the meeting.3).When he was buying the books,he met an old friend.4).Because he has been praised too much,he becomes too proud.Having heard from my brother,I felt much relieved.Being ill,he cant attend
7、the meeting.Buying the book,he met an old friendHaving been praised too much,he becomes too proud.2.前后主语不相同。（逆向法：即分词的逻辑主语就是原状语从句的主语）1）.After the sun had set,we arrived at the station.2）.When school was over，the boys went home.3）.As his homework has been done,the boys went home.4）.If the weather perm
8、its,well go to the Great Wall.The sun having set,we arrived at the station.School being over,the boys went home.His homework having been done,the boys went home.The weather permitting,well go to the Great Wall.3.注意。1）.Because his lovely dog was dead,little boy is very upset.2）.As he was idle in his
9、youth,he has to work hard in his old age.3）.After new teaching building was finished,students study in the new classroom now.His lovely dog having been dead,little boy is very upset.Being idle in his youth,he has to work hard in his old age.New teaching building having been finished,students study i
10、n the new classroom now.方法(三)：并列句改为分词短语的方法：分词可以代替并列句中的一个句子，其作用是说话者对主要句子的补充。先将并列句中的连接词去掉，然后将其中一个谓语动词变为V-ing形式（两句若是用句号隔开，变化后将句号改为逗号）。条件：并列句主语相同时，保留一个主语；并列句主语不相同时，两个主语都保留。此处也要注意到方法（二）中的“一个补充”和“一个注意”。转换练习：1.并列句主语相同时，保留一个主语。1).My train starts at 12 and will arrived in Wuhan at 3.2).She alone stayed at ho
11、me and did her homework.My train starts at 12,arriving in Wuhan at 3.She alone stayed at home,doing her homework.2.并列句主语不相同时，两个主语都保留。如：1.He was reading a book,and his wife was doing housework.2.They listened to the moved story about Ren Changxia and tears ran down their cheeks.He was reading a book,
12、his wife doing houseworkThey listened to the moved story about Ren Changxia,tears running down their cheeks.三、补充：注意此类句型的一种变体。连接词+分词：（此类句型实际上是将从属连词when,while,though,as 等引导的从句省略了相同的主语及be动词变化而来的）转换练习：1.While he was fighting in Korea,he was taken prisoner.2.When the drug is taken according to its introd
13、uctions,the drug has no neglect effect.While fighting in Korea,he was taken prisoner.When taken according to its introductions,the drug has no neglect effect.四、小结：从上面的句子转换中可以得出一个小结：一回头：找该非谓语的逻辑主语；两确定：确定该非谓语动词的动作与主句谓语的动作先后；确定该非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主谓或动宾关系；五、巩固练习：1、将下列复合句或并列句改为含分词短语的句子 When he left the classroom
14、,he didnt say goodbye to me.Because he is ill,he cant attend the meeting.The teacher is teaching in the classroom.Jim and Tom are playing games.The boys who swam in the river were in danger.When leaving the classroom,he didnt say goodbye to me.Being ill,he cant attend the meetingThe teacher teaching
15、 in the classroom,Jimand Tom are playing games.The boys swimming in the river were in danger The policeman saw the thief who was stealing a bike.This is one of the houses that were built last year.The professor came into the classroom.He was followed by some teachers.The policeman saw the thief stea
16、ling a bikeThis is one of the houses built last year.The professor came into the classroom,followed by some teachers.Because he had seen the film before,he went out of the cinema.When our school is seen from the mountain.Our school is beautiful.The man rose from the ground and beat the dust off his
17、clothes.Having seen the film before,he went out of the cinema.Seen from the mountain,Our school is beautiful.The man rose from the ground,beating the dust off his clothes.2、将下列含分词短语的句子改为复合句或并列句。Seeing from the mountain,I find our school is beautiful.(when)He told me he would stand by the roadside,wa
18、tching the parade.(and)Judged from what he said,he is a teacher.The children went home after class,singing and laughing.When I See from the mountain,I find our school is beautiful.He told me he would stand by the roadside and watch the parade.If he is Judged from what he said,he is a teacher.The chi
19、ldren went home after class and sang and laughed There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.“Can you read?”Marry said angrily,pointing to the notice board.On his way home,she found the necklace missing.There was a terrible noise which followed the sudden burst of light.“Can you r
20、ead?”Marry said angrily and pointed to the notice board.On his way home,she found the necklace which was missing.Having brushed his teeth,Mr.Browncame downstairs for breakfast.(after)Weather being fine,I went fishing with my father.(as)There being no bus,we have to walk.(because)After he had brushed
21、 his teeth,Mr.Brown came downstairs for breakfast.As weather was fine,I went fishing with my father.(as)Because there is no bus,we have to walk.（09安徽）1.The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A.produced B.being producedC.to be produced D.having been producedC（09北京）2 For breakfas
22、t he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.A.grown B.being grown C.to be grown D.to grow A（09北京）3.The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the serviceA.treated B.were treated C.would treat D.would be treatedD（09北京）4.All of them try to use the power of the works
23、tation _ information in a more effective way.A.presenting B.presented C.being presented D.to present D09北京）5._ twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dogA.Being bitten B.Bitten C.Having bitten D.To be bitten （09福建）6.not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set out
24、for the airport in a hurry.A.Reminding B.Reminded C.To remind D.Having remindedAB（09福建）7.In April,2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A.marking B.marked C.having marked D.being marked （09湖南）8When he the door,he found his keys were
25、nowhere.A.would open B.opened C.had opened D.was to open（09湖南）9At the age of 29,Dave was a worker,in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future.A.living;wondering B.lived;wonderingC.lived;wondered D.living;wonderedADA（09湖南）10.Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to mak
26、e it easier for it.A.reusing B.reused C.reuses D.to be reused（09湖南）11.Please do me a favor _ my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.A.to invite B.inviting C.invite D.invited（09江西）12._ the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.A.Givi
27、ng B.Having given C.To give D.Given DCD（09江西）13.The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A.forced B.forcing C.to be forced D.having forced （09海南）14 The children all turnedthe famous actress as she entered the classroom.A.look
28、ed at B.to look atC.to looking at D.look at(09海南)15.Now that weve discussed out problem,are people happy with the decisions?A.taking B.take C.takenD.to takeBBC（09山东）16.We are invited to a party _in our club next Friday.A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holding（09陕西）17。I still remember to the Famen
29、Temple and what I saw there.A.to take B.to be taken C.taking D.being taken（09上海）18.A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,_all four people on board.A.killed B.killing C.kills D.to kill（09上海）19.With the governments aid,those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlem
30、ents.A.affect B.affecting C.affected D.were affected CADB（09上海）20.Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A.having held B.to hold C.holding D.hold（09四川）21.Ladies and gentlemen,please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A.seated B.seating C.
31、to seat D.seat（09上海）22.David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.A.to be reported B.reporting C.to report D.having reported （09四川）23.He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussionA.to have B.having C.have D.hadCAC B（09四川）24._ many times,he finally understood
32、 it.A.Told B.Telling C.Having told D.Having been told（09天津）25._ the project in time,the staff were working at weekends.A.Competing B.Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete（09天津）26._ by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A.Being encouraged B.Encou
33、ragingC.Encouraged D.Having encouragedDDC（09浙江）27_and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A.the;a B.Tired C.Tiring D.Being tired（09浙江）28There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A.indicate B.indicatingC.to ind
34、icateD.to be indicating BB（09重庆）29.Michaels new house is like a huge palace,_with his old one.A.comparing B.compares C.to compare D.compared D（09重庆）30.With the world changing fast,we have something newwith all by ourselves every day.A.dealB.dealt C.to deal D.dealing（09全国2）31.They use computers to ke
35、ep the traffic smoothly.A.being run B.run C.to run D.running （09江苏）32.Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year,reduce unemployment pressures.A.help B.to have helped C.to helpB.D.having helped CDC（09江苏）33.Distinguished guests and friends,welcome to our school,the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni(校友)from home and abroad.A.Attend B.To attend B.C.Attending D.Having attended C
