1、Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars 天文学：恒星科学基础盘点自测自评核心单词核心单词1.They are both teachers.Otherwise they are _(不同).2.There are many different _(方法)to solve this problem.unlikemethods3We have learnt that oceans cover two thirds of the _(表面)of the earth.4He has finished his new book and it will be _(出
2、版)next month.surfacepublished5Do you think our education _(制度)needs improving?6I agree with you in _(理论)，but practically I dont think we have the time to do that.systemtheory7Thousands of turtles drag themselves onto the beach and _(下蛋)their eggs in the sand.8I noticed her looking at me with a _(迷惑的
3、)stare.laypuzzled9用harm的适当形式填空(1)Air pollution will get worse and this will be_to people，for example，it can cause cancer.(2)Rubbish can be changed into_things.harmfulharmless(3)Dont_your eyes by reading in the dim light.10Last night we had a discussion，which became more and more_.Finallywe reached a
4、n agreement that we will never use_whateverhappens.(violent)harmviolentviolence高频短语高频短语1_及时，终于2_ 下蛋3_ 产生；分娩4_ 轮到某人；接着in timelay eggsgive birth toin ones turn5_ 阻止；制止6_ 挡住(光线)7_ 感到高兴；感到振奋8_ 既然9_ 突发；爆发10_ 密切注视；当心；提防prevent.fromblock outcheer upnow thatbreak outwatch out典型句式典型句式1what引导的主语从句_(它会变成什么样)wa
5、s uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.What it was to become2so.that.如此以至于The earth became _(如此猛烈以至于)it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.so violent that3it作形式宾语的用法This produced a chain reaction，which _(使得生命得以发展)made it possib
6、le for life to develop4英语倍数表示法But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried _(两倍远)on the earth and fell over.twice as far as主语从句1(2012福建四地六校联考)_ is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.单元语法单元语法AAsBItCThat DWhat解析：选D。考查主语从句。Wha
7、t在这里引导主语从句，选D项。此题要注意分析句子结构，如果题目改为：_ is known to us all，the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.该句空处应用As，As引导非限制性定语从句；_ is known to us all that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.该句空处则应用It，It作形式主语。2(2012河南四市联考)_you dont
8、like him is none of my business.AWhat BIfCThat DWhether解析：选C。考查主语从句。That引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分；What引导主语从句时充当句子成分；If不能引导主语从句；Whether引导的主语从句应是肯定句。由语意可知C项正确。3(2012河北重点中学联考)_surprises us most is that she doesnt even know_thedifference between the two lies.AWhat；whereBAll；whichCWhat；that DThat；where解析：选A。考查名词性从
9、句。句意为：让我们最吃惊的是她竟然不知道两者的区别在哪儿。“What surprises us most”是主语从句，What在从句中作主语；“where the difference between the two lies”是宾语从句，where表示的是抽象地点。4(2012福建质检)It never occurred to humans until the mid1990s_some animals can be cloned.Awhere BthatCwhen Dwhat解析：选B。考查名词性从句。本句中的It作形式主语，真正的主语是some animals can be cloned
10、，根据名词性从句“缺什么，补什么”的原则,此处主语从句中不缺成分，所以只填连接词that，选B项。5(2012唐山二模)It makes his life quite different_hehas received higher education abroad.Athat BwhichCwhat Dhow解析：选A。考查主语从句。本句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是“that he has received higher education abroad”。考点串讲讲练互动单词精研单词精研1existvi.存在，生存(教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed
11、on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。归纳拓展(牛津P697)They cant exist on the money hes earning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。No one knows how this world came_into_existence.没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。2puzzlen.谜；难题vt.&v
12、i.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。归纳拓展辨析puzzle/question puzzle令人迷惑的、难以理解或回答的问题。question 主观提出的或需解决、决定的问题。(牛 津 P1616)What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离
13、开了这个国家。The police are still puzzling_about/over how the accident could have happened.警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.多年来科学家们一直试图解开这一谜团。(牛津P1616)He looked puzzled so I repeated the question.他好像没听懂，于是我又把问题重复了一遍。3pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力(教材P30)As the rocket ros
14、e into the air,we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pull down拆毁；摧毁pull in(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out驶出；退出pull through康复；痊愈归纳拓展He pulled the door open and rushed out.他拉开门，冲了出去。(牛津P1604)The police car signalledto
15、 us to pull_in.警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。We waved as the train pulled out of the station.火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。The doctor told me that I would pull_through.医生告诉我，我会康复的。【助记】跟踪训练.选词填空system；harmful；exist；climate；pull1 I consider it _ for students to play computer games.harmful2As far as I know，they are paid hardly eno
16、ugh to _ on.3 A focus and concern on _ change is entirely appropriate.existclimate4 You have to enter your password before entering this _.5Cheer up！Take more exercise every day and you will _ through.systempull.单项填空1If we hadnt worked so hard，such a good situation wouldnt have _ in our factory.ASur
17、vivedBlivedChad Dexisted解析：选D。句意为：如果我们不努力工作的话，我们厂是不会出现这么好的形势的。survive表示“幸存”；live表示“生活”；have表示“有”，都不符合语意。exist表示“存在”，符合语意。2(2012淄 博 模 拟)_ a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.AIt existed BThere existedCThere had DIt had解析：选B。句意为：对于做这份工作的必要性，工人们存在一定的疑惑。There exists/existed
18、.有；存在；相当于There be.结构。3(2012台 州 模 拟)I was lucky enough to get on the train before it _.Apulled on Bpulled downCpulled in Dpulled out解析：选D。句意为：我很幸运在火车出站前坐上了车。pull out 出站；pull on 穿上；pull down 拆毁；pull in 进站。短语精释短语精释1in time 及时；终于，总有一天(教材P25)They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and o
19、ther gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。归纳拓展on time 准时；按时in no time 立即；马上at a time 一次；每次at one time 曾经；一度at times 有时ahead of time 提前take ones time 别着急；慢慢来(朗 文 P2162)Will you be back in time for dinner?你会及时赶回来吃晚饭吗？The kids will be leaving home in_no_time.孩
20、子们很快就要离开家了。(朗文P2162)I should be back in_time_to_watch the show.我应该及时赶回来看那场演出。The company fired him for not coming to work on time.那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。2in ones turn轮到某人；接着(教材P26)Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。归纳拓展in turn 依次，轮流；反之，反过来by
21、turns轮流；交替地take turns to do sth.轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。The customer praised the manager,who in turn praised his staff.顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了员工。All theories are from practice and in_turn serve practice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。Now
22、 it_is_your_turn_to look after the children.现在轮到你照看孩子了。3prevent.from 阻止；制止(教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。归纳拓展Once he has made up his mind，no one can prevent him from c
23、arrying out the plan.一旦他下定决心，谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。(朗文P1612)Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving.守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。Measures have been taken to protect_the_rivers_from_being_polluted.已采取措施保护河水不受污染。4cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋(教材P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaces
24、hip cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。归纳拓展(牛津P327)Give Mary a call;she needs cheering up.给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely!我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！They do this in order to en
25、courage crowds to cheer their sports teams.她们这样做是为了鼓励人们为她们的球队加油。(朗文P282)The crowd cheered their favourite rider(on)观众向他们最喜欢的骑士喝彩加油。跟踪训练.选词填空in time；cheer up；watch out；prevent.from；give birth to1 _ for his temper！Hes not easy to deal with.Watch out2Whenever Im upset，she always has a good idea to make
26、 me _.3The government has taken measures to _ the cultural relics _ being damaged.cheer uppreventfrom4It was the study of history that _ the social science.5If you dont devote yourself to your studies，youll never finish them _.gave birth toin time.单项填空1Do you think well be _ to catch the train if we
27、 get up early?Ain orderBso asCin time Din case解析：选C。句意为：你认为如果早点起床我们能及时赶上火车吗？in order to与so as to表示目的，in case后接从句，用在此处不合适；in time及时，符合语意。2All possible means have been tried,but nothing can _ him dying of lung cancer.Aprevent BkeepCprotect Dprefer解析：选A。prevent.(from)doing为固定搭配，意为“阻止做某事”。3(2012大连检测)Aft
28、er we finish the designing，the company，_ its turn，should do the constructing work.Ain BonCat Dfor解析：选A。句意为：我们完成设计后就该由公司来进行建设了。in ones turn固定搭配，意思是“轮到某人，接着”。4You are always sitting there watching TV._，lets go out for a walk，shall we?OK，but just a moment.Thefootball game is just over.ATake your time B
29、Cheer upCTake it easy DCome on解析：选D。考查交际用语。前半句句意为：你总是坐在那里看电视。走吧,咱们出去散散步，好吗？come on在此表示责备或不耐烦，意为“来吧,得啦,走吧”。take your time不着急；cheer up高兴点；take it easy别紧张。1(教材P31)“.walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.”“既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。”句型精析句型精析【点津】now that由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时that 可以省略。Now
30、 that you have finished your work,youd better have a rest.既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。Now_(that)the weather is fine，lets go for a ride.既然天气那么好，我们开车去兜风吧。Now you have grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself.你已长大了，可以自己做决定了。2(教材P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on
31、 the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。【点津】倍数的表达方式：(1)“A倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanB”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。(2)“A倍数as形容词或副词的原级asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A倍数the size/height/length/width，etc.ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。,(4)A倍数what从句。There are_five_times_more_booksin our library than in yours.我们图书馆里的
32、书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year.我们城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。My house is twice the size of my parents我的房子是我父母的两倍大。The production now is three_times_what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是10年前的3倍。跟踪训练1(2011高 考 陕 西 卷)The new stadium being built for the next Asian G
33、ames will be _ the present one.Aas three times big as Bthree times as big asCas big as three timesDas big three times as解析：选B。句意为：正在为下届亚运会而建设的新体育馆将是目前这个体育馆的三倍。本题考查倍数的表达法。比较常见的表达倍数的句型有：.timesasadj./adv.(原级)as.；.timesadj./adv.(比较级)than.；.timesthe length/width/.of.。故选择B项。2Peters jacket looked just the
34、same as Jacks，but it cost _ his.Aas much twice asBtwice as much asCmuch as twice as Das twice much as解析：选B。句意为：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但价格却是他的两倍。考查倍数句型“倍数词as原级as.”。3Ten years ago the population of our village was _that of theirs.Aas twice large as Btwice as large asCtwice as much as Das twice much as解析：选B。句
35、意为：十年前我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。population往往与large或small搭配，且形容词比较级的结构之一为：倍数as形容词原级as.。4_youve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.ANow thatBAfterCAlthough DAs soon as解析：选A。句意为：既然你得到了一次机会，不妨充分利用它。5Did you return Freds call?I didnt need to_Ill see him tomorrow.Athough BunlessCwhen Dbecause解析：选D。根据语意看，后面的句子表示“没有必要的原因”，所以用because。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
