1、语法专项训练(七)动词的时态和语态考点一 动词的时态1考纲中规定有十种时态,现将其主要用法归纳如下:语法精讲语法精讲时态用法例句一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作He goes to school by bike every day.他每天骑自行车上学.时态用法例句一般现在时表示现在的状态、特征The pen is in the bag.钢笔在书包里.一般现在时表示客观真理The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转.时态用法例句一般现在时表示将来(在时间、条件状语从句中；在时刻表等计划中)The plane takes off at nine.飞机九点起飞.一
2、般过去时表示在过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作He worked in a factory in 1986.1986年他在一家工厂工作.时态用法例句一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态They will appear later.他们稍晚会露面.It is going to rain.天要下雨了.现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作We are having an English lesson now.我们现在正在上英语课.时态用法例句现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作Im reviewing English these days.近来我在复习英语.表示赞扬、厌烦等感
3、情色彩(与always,continually等连用)Shes always helping people.她总是乐于助人.(赞扬)表示预计将要发生的动作(常代表将来时间的状语)We are leaving on Friday.我们星期五出发.时态用法例句过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作I was cooking when he knocked at the door.他敲门时我正在做饭.将来进行时表示在将来的某个时间正在进行的动作Well be meeting you at the station.我们会在车站接你的.时态用法例句过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作
4、或存在的状态She said her father would buy her a watch.她说她父亲会给她买块手表.现在完成时表示动作在说话之前已完成,但对现在有影响He has been to Japan.他到过日本.时态用法例句现在完成时表示动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会继续下去Weve known each other for about two years.我们认识大约有两年了.时态用法例句过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或已完成的动作或存在的状态How many new words had you learned by the end of last ter
5、m？到上学期末你学会了多少新单词？现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在I have been working here for three years.我一直在这里工作3年了.2.将来时的六种表示方法(1)用shall/will do表示单纯的将来.在下列情况下只能用shall,will表示将来:在含时间或条件等状语从句的主句中只能用shall或will表示.Ill telephone you as soon as I get there.我一到达那里就给你电话.在“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型中,只能用will表示.Work hard,and you will pass
6、the exam.努力学习,你就会通过考试的.表示非主语意志的自然趋势,只能用will.My sister will be sixteen next month.我姐姐下月满16岁.It will be Friday tomorrow.明天是星期五.临时的决定,只能用will.Did you tell Julia about the result?你将结果告诉了茱莉娅没有？Oh,no,I forgot.I will call her now.哎哟,我忘记了.我现在就打电话告诉她.(2)现在进行时现在进行时表示最近计划或安排好的,一般不会更改的事,主语通常是人,多用go,come,start,m
7、ove,stay,leave,take off,arrive等动词.Im leaving for Beijing.我打算去北京.(3)一般现在时表示根据规定或时刻表(时程表、节目单等)难以更改的事或预定的活动.日程难以改变,语气肯定.通常有表示将来的时间状语,常用于begin,start,end,finish,stop,go,come,leave,sail,arrive,return,close,open等动词.The plane takes off at 1130 am.and arrives in Shanghai at 120 pm.飞机上午十一点半起飞,下午一点二十分抵达上海.在状语从
8、句中,如if,unless,as long as,once,as soon as,when,before,till引导的状语从句中,此时主句谓语只能用shall,will表示将来.If he goes there tomorrow,Ill go there,too.明天他去,我就去.短语make sure,see(to)it,be sure后接从句,通常用一般现在时表将来.Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.离开前,请务必将所有的窗户关好.在the more.the more.(越越)句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将
9、来时,因为前者相当于条件状语从句.The harder you study,the better results you will get.你学习越努力,成绩就会越好.(4)be going to do表示最近的打算或已有迹象表明将要发生的事.常用于表示位移的动词.There are a lot of clouds in the sky.Its going to rain.天上乌云密布,快要下雨了.(5)be about to do表示即将发生的事,不可与表示时间的词语连用.We were about to leave when it began to rain.我们正要离开,这时突然下起了雨
10、.(6)be to do表示安排好了将要做某事或征求对方意见.常用于报纸、广播及张贴的行为准则等.The president is to visit China next month.总统将于下月访华.考点二 被动语态当主语是谓语动作的承受者时,即谓语与主语有动宾关系时,用被动语态.当为了强调动作的承受者时,或不知道动作的执行者是谁时,或没必要提到动作的执行者时,用被动语态.1被动语态的构成被动语态由“be过去分词”构成,助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化.(1)一般现在时:am/is/are过去分词.Rice is grown in South China.华南种植水稻.(2)一般过去时:wa
11、s/were过去分词.The glass was broken yesterday.这块玻璃是昨天打烂的.(3)现在进行时:am/is/are being过去分词.The project is being carried out.这个计划正在执行中.(4)过去进行时:was/were being过去分词.This road was being built this time last year.这条路去年这个时候还在修建.(5)一般将来时:will be过去分词.The cars will be sent abroad by sea.这些汽车将由水路运往国外.(6)过去将来时:would be
12、过去分词.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.经理说这个工程将在年底前完成.(7)现在完成时:have/has been过去分词.This novel has been translated into several languages.这本小说已经翻译成了几种语言.(8)过去完成时:had been过去分词.When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets had already been sold out.我到达剧院时,才发现票已卖完了.(9)
13、含情态动词的被动语态:情态动词be过去分词.Oil can be turned into energy by burning it.油经过燃烧可变为能源.2主动句如何变被动句(1)把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语.(2)把主动句的谓语变成“be过去分词”,be时态要与原句保持一致.(3)把主动句的主语变为by的宾语,放在被动句的谓语之后,by短语可以省略.主动:We saw her in the street yesterday.我们昨天在街上看到了她.被动:She was seen by us in the street yesterday.【注意】一个变化:作宾语的宾格人称代词变为被动句主语
14、时要改为主格,如此处的her改成了She.三个一致:主动句变为被动句时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的人称和数要与新主语保持一致,如原句saw是一般过去时,被动句中的be也用一般过去时；被动句的主语She是第三人称单数,因此be用was.3主动形式表被动含义(1)某些系动词,如feel,look,seem,appear,taste,sound,smell,prove,remain等用主动形式表示被动意义；主语通常是事物,且表示该事物本身具有某一固有特征.The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软.误:The material is fel
15、t very soft.(2)表示主语内在品质或性能的动词有:write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook,open,close,lock等.The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗.(3)某些日常用语,如cook,bake,make,print,pack,build,work out等动词或短语用于进行时态时,可用主动形式表示被动意义.The fish is cooking.鱼正在煮.(4)在表示“需要”的need,want,require及be worth后的动词-ing形式,用主动形式表示被动含义.The floor needs sweeping.这地
16、需要打扫了.4由“get过去分词”构成的被动语态由“get过去分词”构成的被动语态在口语中也较为常见.其用法有:(1)给自己做事(如get dressed穿衣)；(2)设法做到自己称心的事(如get elected当选)；(3)由于客观原因遇上的不尽人意的事(如get burned烧焦)；(4)表示命令(如Get washed！去洗洗吧！)；(5)表示对某种行为的不满.(如How did that door get locked？那门怎么锁上了？)5不能用于被动语态的动词(1)不及物动词或动词短语:如take place,happen,belong to,appear等.A celebrati
17、on will take place in the school next week.下一周学校将举行庆祝活动.(2)表示状态的动词:如equal(等于),cost(花费),fit(适合),mean(意味),last(持续),belong(属于)等.The meeting will last two hours or so.会议将持续大约两小时.(3)当动词和宾语构成一个固定习语时,不用被动语态.如keep ones word,make up ones mind,speak ones mind,take ones seat,lose heart,shake hands with,keep wa
18、tch等.单句填空1(2011高考大纲全国卷改编)If you dont like the drink you_,just leave it and try a different one.(order)提升演练提升演练ordered解析:句意:如果你不喜欢你点的饮料,就别喝了,再换一种.由情境可知饮料是刚才点的,故用一般过去时.2(2011高考四川卷改编)What a mistake!Yes.I _ his doing it another way,but without success.(suggest)had suggested解析:句意:“竟犯了这样的错误！”“是啊.我曾建议他用另外一
19、种方法做,但没有成功.”根据语境可知suggest动作应发生在犯错误之前,即“过去的过去”,应使用过去完成时.3(2011高考重庆卷改编)That piece of music sounds quite familiar.Who_ the piano upstairs？(play)解析:句意:那首乐曲听起来相当熟悉,谁正在楼上弹钢琴呢？根据句意,本题应用现在进行时.is playing4(2011高考重庆卷改编)Look at the pride on Toms face.He_ to have been praised by the manager just now.(seem)解析:句意:
20、看汤姆脸上骄傲的表情,他看起来好像刚受到经理的表扬.本句陈述一个事实,故用一般现在时.seems5(2011高考课标全国卷改编)Planning so far ahead _no senseso many things will have changed by next year.(make)解析:句意:这么早就作计划是没有意义的到了明年,有许多情况会发生变化.此处说明现在的事实,故用一般现在时.makes6(2011高考课标全国卷改编)I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _ polite.(be)7(2011高考山东卷改编)Wh
21、en I got on the bus,I_ I had left my wallet at home.(realize)was just beingrealized解析:句意:当我坐上公共汽车时,我才意识到我把钱包忘在家里了.根据句意知when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词表示的动作和主句的谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,且从句用一般过去时.8(2011高考山东卷改编)She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children _everything！(eat)9(2011高考天津卷改编)In the last few years thousan
22、ds of films _ all over the world.(produce)had eatenave been produced解析:句意:在过去的几年里,全世界拍摄了成千上万部电影.根据时间状语in the last few years可确定时态为现在完成时,然后根据films与produce的关系可确定使用被动语态.故空格处应为现在完成时的被动语态.10(2011高考天津卷改编)On her next birthday,Ann _ married for twenty years.(be)解析:句意:等到下个生日时,安就将结婚20年了.四个选项分别使用了be动词的一般现在时、现在完
23、成时、一般将来时和将来完成时形式.will have been根据句中的时间状语on her next birthday可知她的生日还未到来,属于将来的事情,故用将来时；又因for twenty years属表时间段的时间状语,故用完成时,两者结合在一起可确定空格处用将来完成时.11(2012河南郑州质检)It is believed that many more popular terms_on the Internet this year.(create)12.(2011高考江苏卷改编)I hear you _ in a pub.Whats it like?will be createda
24、re workingWell,its very hard work and Im always tired,but I dont mind.(work)解析:句意:“我听说你在一家酒吧上班.怎么样？”“噢,工作很繁重,我总是感觉累,不过我不在乎.”由谈话时的语境可推测出隐含的时间为now,由此可推断出空格处用现在进行时表示现阶段正在发生的动作,并不是说话时正在发生的动作.其他选项的时态与语境不符.13(2011高考江苏卷改编)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places_ that we may need a nationw
25、ide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.(suggest)suggests解析:句意:仍有许多人在公共场所吸烟这一事实表明我们可能需要一次全国范围内的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害的认识.本句说明了一个现在存在的事实,故用一般现在时.主句的主语是the fact,故谓语用动词的第三人称单数形式suggests.suggest在此句中的意思是“表明”,并非“建议”.14(2011高考辽宁卷改编)Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _.(do)解析:句意:我一完成我正在做
26、的事情,就去图书馆.本题语境为现在时态,所以根据句意应用现在进行时态,表示现在正在做的事情.am doing15(2012浙江温州联考)So far this year we_a fall in house prices by between 5 percent and 10 percent.(see)have seen16(2012江苏南京模拟)With the countrys population reaching 1.6 billion in the mid of this century,most of Chinas rivers,including the Yellow River
27、,_(dry up)will be drying up17(2012山东济南质量检测)When Bill Gates decided to create Microsoft,he_law at Harvard University.(study)was studying18(2011高考湖南卷改编)Joan,what _ in your hand?Look!Its a birthday gift for my grandma.(hold)解析:句意:“琼,你手里拿着什么东西？”“看！是给我(外)祖母的生日礼物.”由句意及答语中的“Look！”可知此处表示动作正在进行.are you holdi
28、ng19(2011高考陕西卷改编)His first novel _ good reviews since it came out last month.(recewe)解析:选D.句意:他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来就受到了好评.since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时.has received20(2011高考江西卷改编)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _ into the office during the night.(break)had broken解析:句意:早上我们来上班时发现有
29、人在夜间破门闯入了办公室.此处“破门闯入办公室”显然发生在“发现”之前,故在时间上是“过去的过去”,用过去完成时态.语篇填空用括号内所给词的适当形式完成下面的短文When he was a little boy,Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewingmachine with her hand.“Wouldnt it work quickly if a machine 1._(turn)the wheel for you？”he asked.“I suppose it would,
30、”said his mother,without paying any attention to him.Christopher 2._(know)she always had a lot of work,and he wanted to help.turnedknewIn his bedroom there was a toy steam engine which his father 3._(buy)him as a gift.“I 4._(make)better use of it,”little Christopher said to himself.So,when his mothe
31、r 5._(not use)her sewing-machine,had boughtwill/shall makewas not usinghe fixed the toy steam engine onto it.When the job 6._(finish),he was quite pleased,thinking his mother 7._(like)it.“Very clever,”his mother said,when she saw it.Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand.was finishedwould like“I 8._(work)like this for too many years,”she explained.This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who 9._(try)to improve anything 10._(have)to learn:Many people dont like new ideas.have been workingtrieshas本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
