1、Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteLearning about Language并列句(compound sentence)复合句(complex sentence)简单句(simple sentence)英语句子的种类简单句的五种基本句型1.The weather is very cold.主语+谓语（系动词）+表语2.He laughed.主语+谓语（vi.）3.I like Chinese food.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语4.She taught them physics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语5.We must keep the
2、room warm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句并列句平行并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词：选择并列连词：and,bothand,not only
3、but also,neithernorbut,however,while,yet or,eitherorfor,so常用并列连词复合句:主句+从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句Noun Clauses 名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语His job is important.What he does is important.表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.宾语I dont like his job.I dont like what he do
4、es every day.同位语I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.宾语从句表语从句宾语从句主语从句同位语从句Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。1.She wondered if the buses would still be running.2.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.3.She sensed that she was being
5、watched by a tall man in a dark coat.4.When we will start is not clear.5.I had no idea that you were her friend.Object Clauses宾语从句1.I know him.2.I know who he is.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾 语 从 句连词 从句主语 从句谓语主 句（复合句）句子作宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后。句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句引导词that句子类型陈述句if/whether(是否)一般疑问句特殊疑问词特殊疑问句宾语从句的注意事项一
6、、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。Lin Tao feels(that)his own team is even better.She says(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought(that)the train was like a big moving party.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并
7、列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉；（3）用it作形式宾语的宾语从句中that 不能省掉；Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可
8、算是宾语从句。vIm sorry(that)I dont know.vWere sure(that)our team will win.vIm afraid(that)he wont pass the exam.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略。vLily wanted to know if/whether her grandma liked the handbag.vLets see if/whether we can find out some information about that city.vShe asked me if/whet
9、her she could borrow these books.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当有or not时就用whether,不用if。I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if。I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.注意 whether和if的使用区别:Choose“if/whether”1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is w
10、ell or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ I should go.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_ to go.whether3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,whose,when,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived.I
11、 asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who/whom we have to see.Do you know what time the plane leaves?二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。I know he lives here.I know he lived here ten years ago.I have heard that he will come tomorrow.2
12、.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）I knew who lived here.I saw she was talking with her mother.He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.He said that he had seen it.3.当从句是客观真理、定义、公理、定理等时用一般现在时。The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.
13、三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。I dont know what is the matter/the trouble/wrong with him.Combine the two sentences with the proper conjunction.1.When will he go to the library?His brother asks when he will go to the library.His brother asks when will he go to the library.2.What does he want to buy?
14、I dont know what he wants to buy.I dont know what does he want to buy.【即学即练】1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter.A.either B.that C.weather D.whether2.We dont know _ they did it.A.how B.who C.what D.which 3.The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time.A.that B.if C.when D.what time4.Does a
15、nybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not?A.if B.where C.whether D.thatDABC【达标训练】5.Could you show me _?A.how can I get to the station B.where is the station C.how I could get to the station D.how I can reach the station6.Please tell me _.A.what does he like B.what he does like
16、C.what he likes D.what he like7.My sister told him _.A.what day was it B.when the train arrived C.who she was waiting D.where did you liveCBD8.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 9.He says that if it _ tomorrow,he _ fishing.A.will rain;wont go
17、 B.rained;wasnt go C.rains；wont go D.rain;will go CDPredicative Clauses表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem。连接词：that/whether/as if/as though（if 不引导表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/what when/where/why/how/becauseE.g.The question is whether we can rely on him.Tha
18、ts because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.注 意：1.在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，“that”不能省。3.It is/was because.4.It is/was why.5.4.The reason(why/for)is/was that.6.5.The reason is because/whythat .1.Thats _ the Party called on
19、us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.whether3.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.where【即学即练】BCDSubject Clauses主语从句1)That he will succeed is certain.2)Whether he will go there is not known.3)What he said is not
20、 true.4)Where he hid the money is to be found out.5)Whoever comes is welcome.6)Its certain that he will succeed.7)How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分。一、由 that 引导that 无意义,后接一个完整的句子,that 不可省。1.That we shal
21、l be late is certain.2._ is known to us all.(地球是圆的)3._ is a pity.(你错过了这次机会)That the earth is roundThat you missed the chance二、“whether”“if”不能引导主语从句三、疑问词引导词注意一:主语从句后置为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。That we shall be late is certain.Its certain that we shall be late.1.That the earth is round
22、is known to us all.由连词 whether,连接代词 what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how 等引导,也常常后置。Its known to us all that the earth is round.It 的用法：（形式主语）Its possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Its said/reported that.据说/据报道Its been announced/declared that已经通知/宣布It seems/appears/happens.that显然
23、/碰巧注意三：what 与 that 引导主语从句注意二：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数what引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定。What he needs is that book.What he needs are some books.what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：(1)What you said yesterday is right.(2)That she is still alive is a puzzle.3._ is known to us all is that America is a deve
24、loped country_the First World.A.Which;belong to B.As;belonged to C.What;belonging to D.It;belonging to1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where【即学即练】BCA同位语从句1.跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明
25、。常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。2.常用连词：that,when,where,why,howE.g.1)消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。2)问题是他如何做这件事。Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army.Its the question how he did it.注意：1)同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义但不可省略。2)在have no idea之后常用 wh-引导同位语从句。I have
26、 no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China._1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact worri
27、es their parents and teachers a lot._The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._【典题例证】4.Time travel is possible./There is no scientific proof for the idea.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./Many British parents hold the view._Many Br
28、itish parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._比较：1.We expressed the hope that they had expected.我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.我们希望他们再来中国访问。定
29、语从句同位语从句区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that可以充当从句的主语或宾语等。同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，解释为“的”。连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。Practice:判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2.The hope that she expressed is that they wou
30、ld come to visit China again.3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.4.I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.同位语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句BA1._made the school proud was _ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;because B.What;that C.That;wha
31、t D.That;because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A What/why B That/what C What/because D Why/that【达标训练】1.-Are you thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats _.A.what makes me feel excitedB.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when
32、 I feel excited 解析：这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语。故答案为A。A2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.where 解析:这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因。这句话的意思是这就是你离开的原因吗?。故答案为A。A3.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well.A.what B.t
33、hat C.which D.why 解析:what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成“It takes sth.to do sth.”的句型。故答案为A。A4.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants.A.what B.which C.when D.that 解析:这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,“Always give the monkey exactly what he wants”是一句谚语,意思是“永远给予他人他确实想要的东西”。故答案为A。AHomework Recite the key sentences on the grammarnoun clauses as the object and predicative.Preview the next period.There is no royal road to learning.学无坦途。
