1、专项语法八 虚拟语气要点精析一、虚拟语气用于状语从句中1虚拟语气用于非真实条件句条件从句主句例句与现在事实相反If I(we,you,he,she,it,they)动词过去式(be的形式一律用were)I(we,you,he,she,it,they)would/should/could/might动词原形If he were indoors,hewouldnt feel socold.与过去事实相反If I(we,you,he,she,it,they)had过去分词I(we,you,he,she,it,they)would/should/could/mighthave doneIf you h
2、ad taken my advice,you wouldnt have failed in the examination.条件从句主句例句与将来事实相反A式：If主语一般过去式B式：If主语were to doC式：If主语should doI(we,you,he,she,it,they)would/should/could/might动词原形A：If he were here this evening,we would play cards.B：If she were to marry Jack,shewould be happy.C：If she should know it,shewo
3、uld tell me.例(2010天 津，15)John went to the hospital alone.If he_me about it,I would have gone with him.Ashould tell BtellsCtold Dhad told解析：句意：“约翰自己去的医院。”“如果他告诉我的话，我就和他一起去了。”本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时。故D项正确。答案：D2虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。If I were you,I wouldnt
4、have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在过去)If they had left home in early morning,they would arrive in half an hour.要是他们一大早离开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。(过去将来)例(2010北京，34)The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables_.Awoul
5、dnt die Bdidnt dieChadnt died Dwouldnt have died解析：句意：“天气又热又干燥。”“是的，要是稍微下点儿雨，现在的情况就会更好一些！那样我的蔬菜就不会死掉了。”由条件句中的had rained可以推出这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，但是主句有时间状语now，所以用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气would be；最后一句话也是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用wouldnt have died。答案：D3有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的介词有with,without,but for等。But for
6、your help,we couldnt have succeeded.要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。Without electricity life would be quite different today.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。She wasnt feeling well,otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.她感到不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场的。例(2009安徽)But for their help，we_the program in time.Acan not finish Bwill not
7、 finishChad not finished Dcould not have finished解析：句意：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用could not have finished表示与过去相反。答案：D二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句1用于wish后的宾语从句中与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式；与过去事实相反，用had过去分词或would/could have done；表示 将 来 没 有 把 握 或 不 太 可 能 实 现 的 愿 望，用would/should/could/might动词原形。I wish she were here.她在这儿就好
8、了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一起去。I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。2用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常 见 的 动 词 有：suggest,advise,propose,command,request,insist,recommend等。宾语从句中谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。He demands that he(should)be told everything.他要求将一切告诉他。Janes pale face suggeste
9、d that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she(should)have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一个体格检查。例(2010福建，29)Teachers recommend parents _their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allow Bdo not allowCmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow解析：考查虚拟语气。recommend后的宾语从句谓语动词用“
10、(should)动词原形”，因此A项正确。答案：A3would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事。如谈到过去的动作，则用过去完成时。Id rather you paid the money yourself.(现在)我宁愿你自己付钱。Id rather she hadnt done that.(过去)我宁愿她没做过那事。4用于主语从句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，
11、should可以省略。It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.有人建议会议应推迟到下周。It is strange that he(should)have acted towards his parents like that.他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。注意：以下句式也可以用于陈述语气。Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.很奇怪他昨天没来。Its a pity that you didnt dance.很可惜你没有跳舞。5用于表语从句和同位语从句中在 su
12、ggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should动词原形”，should可省略。Their desire was that a treaty(should)be signed at once.他们的愿望是立即签署协议。We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他的建议就是我们该去大连观光。三、虚拟语气用于定语从句中在It is(high)time(that).句
13、型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should动词原形(其中should不能省略)”。此句型意为“(现在)该”，用来表示建议。It is(high)time that you went to school.到了你该上学的时间了。It is(high)time that we should start out.到了我们该出发的时间了。例Its high time the government_measures to help the graduates.Atakes BtookCwill take Dhas taken解析：考查虚拟语气。句式It be(about/high)time接从句时，
14、从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式。答案：B四、虚拟语气用在as if/though,even if/though从句中He talks as if he knew all about it.他说起来好像知道一切一样。Even if he were here,he couldnt solve the problem.即使他在那儿，他也不能解决问题。注意：当as if从句的含义与事实相符时，其时态要根据需要而定，而不用虚拟语气。He talked as if he was drunk.(事实)他说话的口气好像喝醉了。五、用于if only引导的感叹句中If only I were a fly
15、ing bird!要是我是一只飞鸟多好！Look at the trouble I am in.If only I had followed your advice!看看现在我的困境，要是我接受你的建议就好了！例(2010东北三校联考)Why do you look so upset?I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I_more about her.Acare BcaredChad cared Dhad been cared解析：考查虚拟语气。if only表示“要是就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done的形式。答案：C
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