1、第五章 动词时态和语态动词时态和语态讲解动词时态一、一般现在时1一般现在时的基本用法主要表示目前的特征或状态、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。【例1】I _ all the cooking for my family，but recently Ive been too busy to do it.(2010辽宁)Awill do Bdo Cam doing Dhad done答案 B【例2】The teacher said that the sun _ in the east.Arose Braises Crises Dis rising答案 C2一般现在时在状语从句中的用法在
2、以when，until(till)，as soon as，by the time，after，before等引导的时间状语从句或以if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句以及以no matter when，however，even if等引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【例3】When _ again?When he _，Ill let you know.Ahe comes；comes Bwill he come；will comeChe comes；will come Dwill he come；comes答案 D【例4
3、】I cant tell you if it _ tomorrow if you _ me.Arains；will ask Bshall rain；askCwill rain；ask Dwould rain；will ask答案 C二、一般过去时1一般过去时的基本用法(1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。(2)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，last year，the other day，just now，three days ago，in 1999等。【例5】Sales of CDs have greatly increased
4、since the 1900s，when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.Abegin BbeganChave begun Dhad begun答案 B【例6】Nancy is not coming tonight.But she _！Apromises BpromisedCwill promise Dhad promised答案 B2一般过去时用于状语从句的表达方式在时间、条件等状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时。【例7】He said he would go to see his mother when he
5、 _ from abroad.Areturned Bwas returnedCwould return Dhad returned答案 A【例8】Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.Ahas left；comes Bleft；had comeChad left；came Dhad left；would come答案 C三、现在进行时1现在进行时的基本用法表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。【例9】Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our
6、friends _ for us.Awill wait BwaitChave waited Dare waiting答案 D【例10】These days my father _ a novel.Awrites Bis writingChas written Dwill write答案 B2用进行时表示将来的情况某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，take off等。【例11】He _ to see you tomorrow.Acomes Bhas comeCis coming Dwas coming答案
7、C3always等副词在进行时中表达的意义always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词和现在进行时连用，表达说话人的某种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。【例12】John _ of what he can do for others.Aalways think Bis always thinkingChas always thought Dwill always think答案 B【例13】You _ TV.Why not do something more active?Aalways watchBare always wat
8、chingChave always watchedDhave always been watched答案 B4一般不用于进行时的动词状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如：like，love，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belong to，concern，contain，cost，depend on，deserve，have(有)，have on，lack，need，ow
9、e，own，remain，seem，sound等。【例14】I _ Tom quite well.We were introduced at a party.Aam knowing Bwas knowingCknow Dhad been knowing答案 C【例15】You are drinking too much.Only at home.No one _ me but you.Ais seeing Bhad seenCsees Dsaw答案 C四、过去进行时1过去进行时的基本用法表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。【例16】I walked slowly through the
10、 market，where people _ all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.(2010湖南)Asell Bwere sellingChad sold Dhave sold答案 B【例17】Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.Where was I?You _ you didnt like your fathers job.Ahad said BsaidCwere saying Dhad been
11、 saying 答案 C【例18】Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.Ahas written BwroteChad written Dwas writing答案 D2过去进行时的其他用法(1)表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。(2)与always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词连用，可表示某种感情色彩。【例19】He lost his watch when he _ football.Aplayed Bwas playin
12、gChad played Dwould play答案 B【例 20】The leaders thought ill of Mrs.Black，because she _.Awas always complainingBhad always complainedCwould always complainDwill always be complaining答案 A五、现在完成时1现在完成时的基本用法主要强调“过去”和“现在”的关系，须注意下面几点：(1)指过去的动作对现在的影响。(2)现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或when从句连用。(3)短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。(4)
13、常用于现在完成时态的时间状语有：in the past few years，by now，up to now，so far，already，yet，since，for five years，recently，lately，before，never，once，today，this week(month，year)，many times，just等。【例21】Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry，I _ myself clear.We want to r
14、eturn on October 20.(2010北京)Ahadnt made Bwouldnt makeCdont make Dhavent made答案 D【例22】They _ friends since they met in Shanghai.Ahave made Bhave becomeChave been Dhave turned答案 C【例23】I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her birthday.Oh，how nice!Do you know when she _？Awas leaving Bhad leftChas
15、 left Dleft答案 D2现在完成时在It/This/That is the first/second time(that).结构中的应用该结构中，that引导的从句常用现在完成时。【例24】Do you know our town at all?No，this is the first time I _ here.Awas Bhave beenCcame Dam coming答案 B3现在完成时和一般过去时的比较相同点：都表示动作发生在过去。不同点：现在完成时表示与现在有关；一般过去时表示与现在无关。【例25】You didnt lock the back door.You are w
16、rong.I _.Adid lock it Bhave locked itClock it myself Ddo lock it答案 A【例26】How can you possibly miss the news?It _ on TV all day long.Ahas been Bhad beenCwas Dwill be答案 A【例27】Does Liu Hui serve in the army?No，but he _ in the army for 3 years.Aserved Bhas servedCis serving Dwould serve答案 A4现在完成时和现在完成进行
17、时的区别现在完成进行时表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作；现在完成时表示动作已完成。如：Ive been writing an article.(还在写)/Ive written an article.(已写好)【例28】Im tired out.I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.(2010湖南)Ashopped Bhave shoppedChad shopped Dhave been shopping答案 D六、过去完成时1过去完成时基本用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作(即
18、所谓的“过去的过去”)。(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。【例 29】It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me.(2010北京)Ahad done BdidCwould do Dwere doing答案 A2过去完成时表示“本来”的用法动词think，expect，hope，suppose，want，plan，mean，intend等用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，意为“本来”。【例30】They _ to help，but they
19、could not get there in time.Awant Bhad wantedCwere wanting Dhave wanted答案 B3用于某些特殊结构(1)It/This/That was the first/second time(that)过去完成时(2)It was段时间since过去完成时(3)no sooner.than.或hardly.when.的主句谓语要用过去完成时(4)含“by过去时间点”或“by the time一般过去时”的句子常用过去完成时。【例31】This was the first time we _ at home.Amet Bhad metC
20、was met Dwould meet答案 B【例32】We _ hardly arrived when it _ to rain.Ahad；began Bhave；beganC不填；began D不填；had began答案 A【例 33】By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.Awould be completed Bwas being completed Chasnt been completed Dhad been completed答案 D七、一般将来时表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态。1“w
21、ill/shall动词原形”表示将来的用法will可用于各种人称，shall一般只用于第一人称。【例34】Great changes _ take place in the future.Awould Bwill Cdid Dshall答案 B注：will用于条件状语从句时，表示“愿意”。【例35】If you _ go to the countryside，you _ go.Ashall；shall Bwill；mayCwill；shall Dshall；may答案 B2“be going to动词原形”表示将来的用法表示打算和预测。【例36】The film _ this Sunday.A
22、is going to be shown Bis showingCis to show Dwill have been shown答案 A3“be to动词原形”表示将来的用法表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作，有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。【例37】The teacher said，“All the exercises _ be handed in on time.”Awill Bare toCare about to Dare going to答案 B4“be about to动词原形”表示将来的用法表示即将要发生的事，通常不与具体的时间状语连用。【例38】Look!Here comes a
23、 taxi.We _ leave.Ashall Bare about toCare to Dare going to答案 B5“be due to动词原形”表示将来的用法表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。【例39】The strike _ begin on Tuesday.Ais due to Bis about toCshall Dare going to答案 A6will/shall与be going to的区别(1)be going to可用于条件状语从句表示将来，而shall/will一般不可。【例40】If you _ to my house，youd better phone me
24、first.Awill coming Bshall comeCare going to come Dis to come答案 C(2)迹象表明要发生某事，只用be going to。【例41】Look at those black clouds.It _ rain.Awill Bis going toCshall Dis about to答案 B(3)若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，用be going to；若表示某个意图没经过事先考虑，而是在说话时的临时决定，则用will/shall。【例42】Mary is in hospital.Oh，really?I didnt know.I _ v
25、isit her.Aam going to BwillCam to Dam about to答案 B【例43】Mary is in hospital.Yes，I know.I _ visit her tomorrow.Aam going to BwillCam to Dam about to答案 A八、将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。【例44】Guess what，weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer.How nice！You_a different culture then.(201
26、0福建)Awill be experiencing Bhave experiencedChave been experiencing Dwill have experienced答案 A【例 45】If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you_fresh watermelon in the fall.(2010浙江)Aeat Bwould eatChave eaten Dwill be eating答案 D九、过去将来时1过去将来时的基本用法表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，多用于主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中。【例46】The
27、 discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_.(2010全国)Ais made Bwould makeCwas to be made Dhad made答案 C2用过去进行时表示过去将来时某些动词(如：go，start，come，leave，arrive，take off等)的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。【例47】My father will be here tomorrow.Oh，I thought that he _ today.Awas coming Bis comingCwi
28、ll come Dcomes答案 A十、将来完成时指将来某一时刻已完成的动作。常用于将来完成时的时间状语有：by the time，by the end of，by等。【例48】By the time Jane gets home，her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.Awill leave BleavesCwill have left Dleft答案 C十一、时态呼应时态呼应是指从句谓语动词的时态受主句谓语动词时态的制约。时态呼应的两个特点：(1)当主句的谓语动词为现在时态时，从句谓语动词不受限制。(2)当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，从句谓语动词要
29、与其保持一致，即用相应的过去时态。【例49】I know that Jane _ for London last week and _ be back until next Sunday.Ahad left；wont Bleft；wontCwas leaving；will Dleft；will答案 B【例50】The old man told me that he _ in the city for 50 years.Ahas lived Bwas living Chad lived Dwill live答案 C注：当从句表示的是一个永恒的真理或表明一个人或东西的经常性特点时，可以不受主句谓语
30、动词时态的约束。【例51】When I was five years old，my mother _ me that the earth _ round the sun.Atold；goes Bhad told；goesCtold；went Dhad told；went答案 A【例52】Did he say the train _ at 6：45?Awill leave Bhad leftChas left Dleaves答案 D动词语态一、定义与用法英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“be/get过去分词”构成。【
31、例1】This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.(2010湖南)Awas named BnamedCis named Dnames答案 A【例2】This old bookcase _ when we moved it.Adamaged Bhas damagedCgot damaged Dwas being damaged答案 C二、两种特殊的被动语态1双宾语动词的被动语态英语中有些动词可以有两个宾语，如：give，buy，bring，show，pass，offer，lend，leave，tell，write，sing，
32、teach等，这些动词用于被动结构时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如：He bought me many books.I was bought many books.或 Many books were bought for me.【例3】I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.Agave Bwas givenCwas giving Dhad given答案 B2短语动词的被动语态短语动词是由“动词介词”，“动词名词介词”等结构构成的动词短语，在被动语态结构中，不能漏掉其后的介词。【
33、例4】Why does Lingling look so unhappy?She _ by her classmates.Ahas laughed Bhas laughed atChas been laughed Dhas been laughed at答案 D三、主动表被动的若干情形1系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，prove等)要用主动表被动。【例 5】Although all of the apples _，none of them _ good.Ahave been tasted；taste Bhave been tasted；are tastedCh
34、ave tasted；taste Dhave tasted；are tasted答案 A2英语中有些动词如：open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，cut，wear，carry等，当主语是物，且又表示主语的特征和状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义。【例6】The stockings _ easily.Atear Bare tornCtearing Dare being torn答案 A【例7】Being popular with customers，the products _ well and maybe _ in two months.As
35、ell；sell out Bare sold；sell outCsell；will be sold out Dare sold；will be sold out答案 C3不定式to blame用作表语，通常用主动表被动。【例8】The policy is partly _ for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.Ato be blamed Bto blameCbeing blamed Dblaming答案 B4“主语be形容词to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词常见的有：convenient，comfortable
36、，dangerous，difficult，hard，easy，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant等。【例 9】The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable _.Ato sit Bto sit onCto be sat on Dfor sitting答案 B【例10】A lot of people find modern art very hard _.Aunderstood Bto be understoodCto un
37、derstand Dbeing understood答案 C5不定式用于某些动词(如：have有，get，want，need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。【例11】I have some clothes _ now，so I cant go out to play.Ato wash Bto be washedCwashing Dbeing washed答案 A注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式。【例12】Sir，do you have something _？Im free now.Ato type BtypingCto b
38、e typed Dto have typed答案 C6在“with宾语不定式”结构中，不定式表示将来的动作，且其逻辑主语是句子的主语，该不定式常用主动表被动。【例13】With so many difficult problems _，I dont know if Ill have time to go camping with my friends this weekend.Ato settle BsettledCto be settled Dhave to be settled答案 A7be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。【例 14】These ten books recommend
39、ed by this wellknownwebsite are really worth _.Ato read Bto be readCreading Dbeing read答案 C注：be worthy却不一样，其后常接不定式的被动式或of动名词的被动式。【例15】The book is worthy _ again because it is very instructive.Areading Bto readCto be read Dof reading答案 C8表示“需要”的动词need，want，require或动词deserve(“应受，应得，值得”)后的动名词用主动式表被动意义。
40、【例 16】As a result of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area_.Aneed repairing Bneeds to be repairedCneeds repairing Dneed to repair答案 A注：这些动词后的动名词若改为不定式则要用被动式。【例17】His deeds deserved _.Ato praise Bbeing praisedCto be praised Dhaving been praised答案 C四、不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语)无被动语态常见的有occur，t
41、ake place，happen，break out，belong to，appear，disappear，cost，last，agree with等。【例18】Great changes _ in the city and a lot of factories _.Ahave been taken place；have been set upBhave taken place；have been set upCare taken place；are set upDwere taken place；were set up答案 B【例 19】I dont think the watch _ mu
42、ch，which is _ 30 dollars at most.Acost；worth Bworthy；worthCcost；cost Dworth；cost答案 A【例20】In a struggle _ for many years，the Aborigines claimed equal rights for all Australians，but the Australian government didnt pass laws to strengthen the rights until the 1960s.Athat lasting BlastedCthat was lasted Dthat lasted答案 D单击此处进入动态时态和语态测试
