1、第四学时Grammar同位语(The Appositive)一、定义同位语的作用主要是对名词(或代词)做进一步说明、解释，它可以是单词，短语或从句。同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种，通常置于某些名词之后。Mr.Qin，our Chinese teacher，earns 2000 yuan of wages a month.(名词做同位语)Altogether Dolly lived for six years，half the length of the life of original life.(短语做同位语)Then came the disturbing news that Dolly
2、had become seriously ill.(句子做同位语)二、同位语从句同位语从句一般置于某些名词之后(如：fact，doubt，idea，news，hope，decision，conclusion，assumption，suggestion，question，rumor，explanation等)。He held the belief that chances favor the minds that are prepared.他相信机遇总是降临到时刻作好准备的人身上。The question whether we need more money to carry out the r
3、esearch has not been decided.我们是否需要更多的钱来做这项研究还未决定。I have no idea when I will be back from Guangzhou.我不知道我什么时候从广州回来。三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：The news that I have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。(同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。)The news th
4、at he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。)2引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：The idea that computers can recognize human voicessurprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。(that在从句中不充当任何成分，为同位语从句)The idea that he gav
5、e surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。(that在从句中作gave的宾语。为定语从句)3when，where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在定语从句中，when，where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系。They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句)Go and get your coat.Its in the place where you left it.(定语从句)4除that外，同位语从句还可用whether，where，how等词引导。The discuss
6、ion whether they should build a chemical factory there reached no result.一、在下列各句的空白处填入恰当的连词1The thought _he might be a scientist some day encouraged him to study hard.2A robot can only do _ you have instructed it to do.3But the fact remains _ Jane is behind the other students.4The reason why he was
7、late for school is _ he didnt catch the early bus.5I have read all the books _ you gave me.1.that2.what3.that4 that 5不填/that6They came to the conclusion _ not all things can be done.7The question _ you go or stay at home wont make any difference.8He put forward the suggestion _ major questions shoul
8、d be discussed first.9The suggestion_ he had put forward was turned down.10The fact _ Dolly died when she was quite young disappointed cloning scientists.6.that7.whether8that9.不填/that/which10.that二、完成下列句子1The news _(他们比赛获胜)soon spread over the whole school.2_(我读的第一本英文小说)was Pride and Prejudice.3Alic
9、e，_(一位三个孩子的母亲)，still works hard at computer.4The old lady always murmurs，_.(也就是用很低的声音说话)5The law is well known _.(要系安全带)1that they had won the game2The first English novel that I read3a mother of three children4that is，speaks in a very low voice5that wearing seat belt is required三、语法填空Dolly the shee
10、p became a scientific breakthrough _1_the news _2_she had been born was announced in 1997.However，the problem_3_she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.On 14th February 2003 scientists made the decision _4_Dolly should be put to sleep.Dollys death，like her birth，was bound to r
11、aise worries.The fact_5_Dolly died when she was quite young disappointed people all over the world.Scientists hold the belief _6_cloning may lead to many important scientific breakthroughs and medical treatments.But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone？”Be
12、sides that，there is also a fierce debate over the question _7_human cloning experiments should be allowed.Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time，_8_the assumption _9_human clones have already been born _10_(not prove)yet.1when2.that3.that4.that5.that6that7.whether8.but9.that10hasnt been proved
