1、形容词和副词一、形容词的位置及复合形容词的构成1多个形容词修饰同一个名词时的排列顺序有时两个或多个形容词同时修饰一个名词，此时，名词前面形容词的排序是：限定词描绘性形容词尺寸大小形状年龄、新旧颜色国籍材料质地中心名词。a famous ancient Chinese poet 一位中国古代的著名诗人a beautiful big new red French wooden table 一张又大又漂亮的红色的、法式新木桌an attractive little old yellow book一本外观很精致、发黄了的旧书a small black plastic bag一个黑色小塑料袋the fi
2、rst beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge第一座美丽的中国小型白色石桥上一页2形容词放在所修饰词之后的情形上一页3复合形容词的构成上一页二、形容词和副词的特殊用法1形容词作状语形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方式。He went to bed,cold and hungry.他又冷又饿地去睡觉了。He lay in bed,wide awake.他躺在床上，醒着。He is standing there,full of fear.他非常担心地站在那里。上一页2can not/never与enough或too连用表示“无论怎样都不过分
3、；越越好”。You can not be careful enough/too careful to study.在学习方面，你再细心也不过分。Mary,look,what did I find?玛丽，你看，我找到什么了？Oh,my lost key？I cant thank you too much.I cant thank you much enough.噢，我丢失的钥匙？太感谢你了。上一页3意义有别的同根副词hard努力地 hardly几乎不close 接近地 closely 仔细地free 免费地 freely自由地late迟；晚 lately近来wide广阔地 widely广泛地de
4、ep深 deeply(抽象意义的)深high高 highly高度地most极；非常 mostly主要地上一页4名词化的形容词有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或物，这时它近似一个名词。用作名词的形容词叫作名词化的形容词。名词化的形容词常与定冠词连用，可在句中承担某种句子成分。Theyre going to build a school for the deaf and the blind.他们准备给聋人和盲人盖一所学校。All the rich are not happy.富人并不都快乐。The beautiful can never die.美是不朽的。上一页5表语形容词表语形容词(如：
5、afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,well,sorry,unable,worth,sure等)并非只能作表语，它们还可以作补足语，有的还可以作后置定语(一般不作前置定语)。To my surprise,the driver is still alive after the traffic accident.令我惊讶的是，交通事故发生后，司机还活着。She was the only person awake at that night.她是那天晚上唯一一个醒着的人。上一页下列形容词作表语时，通常不用“人”作主语，它们是：possible,
6、impossible,probable,necessary,convenient,inconvenient。上一页三、形容词和副词比较级的用法1平级比较用as.as,not as/so.as,the same.as.,such.as引导。He is a worker as good as Peter.He is as good a worker as Peter.他和彼得一样是个好工人。Linda is the same height as Jenny.琳达和詹妮一样高。Henry is such a good student as Peter.亨利和彼得一样是个好学生。上一页2比较级(1)比
7、较级的常见修饰语有：rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句和疑问句)，a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit,three times等。The students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前更努力了。You look much younger than I do.你看上去比我年轻多了。(2)“比较级and比较级”意为“越来越”。As summer is coming,the day is becoming longer and longer.随着夏天的临近，白天变得越来越
8、长。上一页(3)“the比较级，the比较级”意为“越就越”。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔细，犯得错误就越少。(4)“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两者中较的那个”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.那两个男孩中高点的是我弟弟。(5)用介词by表示相差的程度。She is taller than I by three inches.她比我高三英寸。上一页(6)使用比较级应注意的问题比较的范围：如果比较的范围不一样，表达方式也应不同。China i
9、s larger than any other country in Asia.(比较的范围一致)China is larger than any country in Africa.(比较的范围不一致)比较的对象要一致：相同的对象可以比较，不同的对象不能进行比较。The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.(人口与人口相比，要用代词that)上一页注意比较结构中的省略现象：由于日常交际的需要，在彼此都明白的情况下，比较对象往往省略。What do you think of the
10、film?I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than this film)Toms composition,if not better(后边省略了than Jacks),is at least as good as Jacks.上一页3最高级(1)最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really,nothing like等词语所修饰。Of all the students,Jacks oral English is almost the best.在所有的学生中，杰克
11、的英语口语几乎是最好的。(2)most前如没有定冠词the，就没有比较的意思，只是用来加强语气，有“很；非常”之意。This is a most interesting story.这是一个很有趣的故事。Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。上一页(3)用比较级表示最高级意义的常见句型。否定比较级最高级Nothing is more exciting than travel.没有什么比去旅游更令人兴奋。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays do
12、wn his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。He has never spent a more worrying day.他过了最令人担忧的一天。上一页比较级thanany other单数名词/any of the other复数名词/any of the others/anyone else/anybody else/anything else/all the others/all the other复数名词He studies harder than any other student in our class.他是班里学习最用功的学生。J
13、ack runs faster than any of the other students in his class.杰克在班里跑得最快。上一页四、表示倍数的句型(1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size,length,height等)ofB(4)A is倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what引导的名词性从句上一页例如：他的收入是她的三倍。He earns twice more than her.He earns three times as much as her.He earns three times the mone
14、y that she does.The money he earns is three times that of hers.He earns three times what she does.上一页五、表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系(1)修饰可数名词：(a)few；fewer；(the)fewest；several；(a good)many；a(great/large/small)number of；hundreds of；dozens of；scores of；thousands of等。(2)修饰不可数名词：a bit of；(a)little；less；a great dea
15、l of；a large amount of；(the)least；much等。上一页 (3)修饰可数或不可数名词：all；a lot of；lots of；enough；plenty of；a large quantity of；large quantities of；more；most；some；any；masses of等。We received a good many offers of support.我们得到了许多支持。Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here.许多外国公司已在此设厂。Quantities of food were spread out on the table.许多食品被摊在桌子上。上一页详 见 Word 文 档上一页详 见 Word 文 档
