1、必修4立体设计走进新课堂必修4立体设计走进新课堂话题 Important people，history and methods of agriculture(农业科学家、农业的历史和农业耕作)功能 Persuasion(说服；劝说)语法 The ving form as the Subject and Object(动词的ing形式作主语和宾语的用法)重点单词struggle，decade，hunger，disturbing，super，output，circulate，expand，battle，freedom，therefore，equip，export，chemical，confuse，
2、regret，mineral，focus，reduce，rid，production，bacteria，summary，nutrition，skim，underline，comment必修4立体设计走进新课堂重点短语rid.of，be satisfied with，thanks to，would rather，build up，lead to，focus on，keep.free from/of重点句型1.Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.2This special strain of rice makes it p
3、ossible to produce onethird more of the crop in the same fields.3Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.4He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.必修4立体设计走进新课堂1struggle v&n.挣扎；努力；奋斗；斗争；艰难地进行归纳拓展(1)struggle to do sth.努力做某事；挣扎着做某事struggle against/wit
4、h同作斗争struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来struggle for 为而斗争；努力争取struggle on挣扎着，坚持下去(2)with a struggle 费劲地必修4立体设计走进新课堂They had to learn to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties.他们不得不学会与各种困难作斗争。The boy struggled to his feet before I ran over.我还没来得及跑过去，这个男孩就挣扎着站起来了。The people of this country will conti
5、nue to struggle for independence.这个国家的人民将继续为他们的独立而斗争。Weve lost two of our best players but were struggling on.我们失去了两名最好的队员，但我们仍在努力坚持着。After a short struggle I got the knife off him.经过短暂的搏斗，我从他手里夺过了刀子。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训练】However impressive the record is，it fades next to the story of Armstrongs struggle
6、 _ disease.Aagainst Bfor Cfrom Dto【解析】struggle against disease“同病魔作斗争”。【答案】A必修4立体设计走进新课堂We are engaged in a bitter _ against the enemy to seize the city.Astruggle BwarCconflict Dfight【解析】fight 意为“打斗，打架”；conflict 意为“冲突”；war 意为国家间的全面“战争”；struggle 意为“较长时期的、激烈的争斗”，符合题意。【答案】A必修4立体设计走进新课堂2expand vt.&vi.扩大
7、，增加；使变大；使增强；使膨胀；阐述；细谈归纳拓展(1)expand into/in.使扩大，变大；把扩展expand on/upon 阐述，详谈(2)expand.into.把扩展/发展成(3)expansive adj.易扩张的；易膨胀的；广阔的expansion n.扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展Metals expand when they are heated.金属受热则膨胀。必修4立体设计走进新课堂A childs vocabulary expands through reading.孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。The small pocket dictionary was expand
8、ed into a larger volume.该袖珍词典被扩展为较大的词典。He expanded on/upon his new plan.他详述了他的新计划。同类辨析expand，extend，spread，stretch与enlarge(1)expand展开，扩大，使膨胀；不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。必修4立体设计走进新课堂(2)extend伸长，延伸，指空间范围等的扩大，以及长度、宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长。(3)spread伸开，传播，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)、散布(信息)等。(4)stretch伸展，拉长，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，
9、不是加长。(5)enlarge指面积、体积和范围的扩大以及能力的增长，不能用来指重量、速度、时间等。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训练】用 expand 的适当形式填空A tyre _ when it is pumped air.The _ of gases usually depends on the temperature.Now the _ land is becoming smaller and smaller.【答案】expandedexpansionexpansive必修4立体设计走进新课堂3equip vt.装备；配备归纳拓展(1)equip.for sth./to do sth
10、.为了(做)而装备equip.with.用装备，使装(具)备equip oneself 整装，预备行装(2)be equipped for准备好，对有准备be equipped with装(配)备；安装be fully/specially/poorly/well equipped装备齐全/独特/简陋/完好(3)equipment nU装备；设备a piece of equipment(不可用 an equipment)必修4立体设计走进新课堂A good education should equip you for life.良好的教育能使你受用终生。Its time to equip you
11、rself for the journey abroad.你该准备出国的行装了。Our classroom is equipped with a TV set and a tape recorder.我们的教室里装有一台电视机和一台录音机。Our school has been given some new equipment.我们学校接收了一些赠送的新设备。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训练】The explorers were told to _ themselves with everything they would need for the voyage.Aassociate Beq
12、uip Crelate Dfeed【解析】考查短语equip.with.“用装备”。句意为：探险家们被告知他们要自己准备好出航所需要的所有 设 备。associate.with.“联 想，联 系”；relate.to.“与有关系/相关”；feed sb./sth.on sth.“用喂养”。均与题意不符。【答案】B必修4立体设计走进新课堂4regret vt.惋惜；遗憾 n遗憾；懊悔归纳拓展(1)regret to do sth.(常和tell，say，inform等动词连用)对将要做某事表示遗憾regret doing sth.后悔做了某事regretthatclause 遗憾(2)feel
13、regret for对感到后悔to ones regret令某人感到遗憾的是Its to be regretted that.令人遗憾的是with great/deep regret很遗憾必修4立体设计走进新课堂I regret to tell you that you are dismissed.我很遗憾地告诉你，你被开除了。He regretted spending so much time on computer games.他后悔在玩电脑游戏方面花了这么多时间。We regret that we are unable to reconsider your case.我们很遗憾无法再考虑
14、你的情况。It was with deep regret that they reported the deaths of thousands of people in the earthquake.他们很遗憾地报道了地震中成千上万人的死讯。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训练】_，I failed in the driving test.ATo my joy BTo my sadCTo my happy DTo my regret【解析】to onesn.结构表“令某人的是”，B、C本身形式不对，另由题意可知D为正确选项。【答案】D必修4立体设计走进新课堂You were brave enou
15、gh to raise objections(反对)at the meeting.Well，now I regret _ that.Ato do Bto be doingCto have done Dhaving done【解析】regret后接动名词表示“后悔做过某事”；后接不定式时，表示“为将要做的事表示遗憾或歉意”。根据句意可知答话者后悔在会议上提出反对意见，故正确答案为D。【答案】D必修4立体设计走进新课堂5focus n集中点，焦点，调焦；兴趣或注意力的中心vt.&vi.(使)聚焦，(使)集中精力于归纳拓展(1)focus ones eyes/energy/mind/attentio
16、n on sth.把某人的眼神/精力/思想/注意力集中于某物(2)focus on/upon sth.(某人)把注意力集中于某物(3)out of focus模糊不清/焦点没有对准的in focus清晰的/焦点对准的bring sth.into focus使成为关注的焦点the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点必修4立体设计走进新课堂We should focus our mind on work.我们应集中精力工作。I quickly focused the camera on the person in the middle of the group.
17、我迅速把照相机的镜头对准人群中央的那个人。The issue of traffic safety has been brought sharply into focus this week.交通安全问题本周突然成为人们关注的焦点。This photo of John isnt in focus；I cant see his face clearly.约翰的这张照片不清晰，我不能看清他的脸。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训练】The action of the play is _ the struggle between the two women.Acentred on Bsituated o
18、nClocated in Dfocused on【解析】句意为：这出戏的情节主要集中在这两个女人的斗争上。focus on“集中于上”，符合题意。【答案】D必修4立体设计走进新课堂6reduce vt.缩减，减少；使处于状态(表示此种意义时，常用于被动语态)；使变弱；使降职(级)归纳拓展(1)reduce sth.(from sth.)to.把减少到reduce sth.(from sth.)by.把减少了be reduced to.沦落为be reduced to despair 陷入绝望reduce sb.(from sth.)to.把某人(从某级别或职位)降至(2)reduction n
19、减少，缩减；折扣；减价make a reduction减价(3)(反)increase v增加，增长，增大必修4立体设计走进新课堂Thanks to the diet，he reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos.由于节食，他的体重从98千克减轻到92千克/减轻了6千克。He was reduced to despair at the sight.他看到那情景便陷入了绝望。The reform has reduced us to servants of the State.这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训
20、练】The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car in order to_ air pollution.Awarn BendangerCstopDreduce【解 析】考 查 动 词 词 义 辨 析。warn“警 告”；endanger“使危及”；stop“停止”；reduce“减少”。句意为：政府号召公众骑自行车而不是开车去上班，目的是减少空气污染。故D为正确答案。【答案】D必修4立体设计走进新课堂7comment n&vi.评论，注释，意见归纳拓展(1)make comments
21、on/upon sth.评论某事without comment不必多说no comment无可奉告(2)comment on/upon评论，谈论，对提意见comment that.评论He made several comments on the film.他对这部电影作出了许多评论。Before you make an offer，you should comment on the object.在你出价以前，应先对物品进行评论。Tom commented that it was a better play than usual.汤姆评论说这场比赛比以往打得要好。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链
22、接训练】He made several critical _ on his new book.Apunishments Bcomments Copinions Dideas【解析】make comments on“作出评论”，符合句意“他对自己的新书作出了一些批判性的评论”。【答案】B必修4立体设计走进新课堂1rid.of摆脱，除去(不好的东西)归纳拓展(1)rid.of.常于用结构be rid of或get rid of中。(2)get rid of处理掉；摆脱be rid of已摆脱掉，已除掉rid oneself of.摆脱；从解脱必修4立体设计走进新课堂The dentist rid
23、me of the pain by taking out the tooth.牙医把这颗牙拔掉，解除了我的疼痛。Im glad to be rid of debt now.我很高兴，我现在已经还清了债务。You should rid yourself of these oldfashioned ideas.你应该摒弃这些过时的观念。We should get rid of those old pictures.我们应该除去那些旧图片。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训练】It is said that a tenminute fast walk can _ oneself of low mood
24、.AremoveBridCleaveDprevent【解析】只有rid后面才可跟sb.of sth.表示“去除某人”。remove和prevent后接from。【答案】B必修4立体设计走进新课堂2be satisfied with对感到满意归纳拓展(1)be/feel satisfied withbe content with对表示满足或满意be satisfied to do sth.对做某事感到满意(2)satisfy v使(某人)满意，满足(欲望)satisfysb./sth.使某人/某种欲望得到满足(3)satisfaction n满意，满足to ones satisfactionto
25、 the satisfaction of sb.使某人感到满意的是with satisfaction满意地必修4立体设计走进新课堂(4)satisfying adj.令人满意(满足)的satisfied adj.满足的，满意的satisfactory adj.令人满意的，圆满的，如愿的far from satisfactory远不令人满意I was not satisfied with the result.我对那个结果不满意。She felt satisfied to learn that her son was admitted to Beijing University.必修4立体设计走
26、进新课堂当她获悉她儿子被北京大学录取后感到很满足。The result of his test seemed to be satisfactory/satisfying.他测试的结果似乎令人满意。Our government tried in every way to satisfy the needs of the people for vegetables.我国政府千方百计满足人们对蔬菜的需求。To our satisfaction，the teacher praised us.令我们非常满意的是老师表扬了我们。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训练】No matter how hard he
27、 worked，he couldnt _ his boss.Isnt that the reason why he decided to resign?Asatisfy Bmeet Csuit Dadapt【解析】satisfy sb.表示“使某人满意”。句意为：不管他怎么努力工作，他都不能使他的老板满意。那是他决定辞职的原因吗？【答案】A必修4立体设计走进新课堂3lead to导致(result in)；造成(后果)；通向(不用于被动语态)归纳拓展(1)lead to中to为介词，后跟名词、代词或v.ing形式。(2)lead sb.to sth./sp.使得出(观点)/引导某人去lead
28、sb.to do sth.引导某人做某事lead sb.into带某人进入lead the way领路；处于领先地位lead sb.by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走lead sb.nowhere毫无成果必修4立体设计走进新课堂Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。Teachers should lead students to think for themselves.老师应该引导学生独立思考。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训练】The
29、discovery of new evidence led to _.Athe thief having caught Bcatching the thiefCthe thief being caught Dthe thief to be caught【解析】lead to“导致，引起”，其中的to是介词。catch与the thief之间是被动关系，所以要用动名词的被动语态。【答案】C必修4立体设计走进新课堂4He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。Organic farmers，therefore，ofte
30、n prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.因此，使用有机耕作的农民们通常爱使用天然的动物粪便当作肥料。would rather 宁愿，宁可(没有人称和数的变化)归纳拓展(1)would rather do sth.prefer to do sth.宁愿(可)做某事would rather(not)do sth.宁愿(不)做某事必修4立体设计走进新课堂(2)would rather do.than do.would do.rather than do.rather than do.would.prefer to do.rath
31、er than do.宁愿做也不愿做；与其做倒不如做(3)would rather从句(从句使用虚拟语气)would rather(that)sb.did sth.宁愿某人做某事(用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反)would rather(that)sb.had done sth.宁愿某人做过某事(过去完成时表示与过去的情况相反)必修4立体设计走进新课堂(4)would rather have done本来想做而未实现I would rather you didnt.常用来表示委婉拒绝别人的请求。Id rather have the red one than(have)the green
32、one.我宁愿要那个红的，也不愿要那个绿的。Id take the train rather than go there by air.我宁可坐火车去那儿，也不愿坐飞机去。Rather than refuse to help you，I would borrow money from my friends.我宁可向朋友借钱，也不想拒绝帮助你。He prefers to stay alone rather than gossip with his coworkers in his spare time.必修4立体设计走进新课堂空闲时间他不愿与同事闲聊，更愿意一人独处。Dont come tomo
33、rrow.Id rather you came next weekend.明天别来，我希望你下周末再来。I would rather that you hadnt missed the exhibition.我真希望你没错过展览会。(事实上已错过)Do you mind if I smoke？你介意我抽烟吗？Well，Id rather(that)you didnt.嗯，最好别抽。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训练】Rather than _ on a crowded bus，he always prefers _ a bicycle.Aride；ride Briding；rideCride；
34、to ride Dto ride；riding【解析】考查prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.结构。此处是为了强调将rather than do sth.提前了。句意为：他宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘坐拥挤的公共汽车。【答案】C必修4立体设计走进新课堂If you let challenges stimulate _ annoy you，much more can be accomplished than you thought possible.Arather than Bother thanCless than Dmore than【解析】rather than
35、“而不是”；other than“除以外”；less than“少于”，more than“多于”。A项符合题意。【答案】A必修4立体设计走进新课堂动词ing形式作主语和宾语动词ing形式既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。作为动名词，它具有动词的基本性质，因而可以有状语修饰它；及物动词的动名词还应有宾语，从而构成动名词短语；它也具有名词的基本性质，因而在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。一、动词ing形式作主语动词ing形式作主语通常有两种位置：一种是位于句首；另一种是it作形式主语，动词ing形式短语作真正的主语，放在句后。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。必修4立体设计走进新课堂Readin
36、g aloud is a good way in learning languages.大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。Its no use just waiting.一味等待毫无用处。归纳拓展常用动词ing形式作主语的句型有：It be a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的It be no good/use doing sth.做某事是无益/没用的It be worth doing sth.做某事是值得的There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没意义There is no use doing sth.做某事没用There is n
37、o point in doing sth.做某事无意义必修4立体设计走进新课堂There was no point in joking about such matter.拿这种事开玩笑没有意义。注意：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格构成。物主代词或名词所有格和动名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。Toms being ill made us worried.汤姆病了让我们很担心。除此之外，动名词的复合结构还可在句中作宾语。Do you mind my/me coming late for the film?你介意我看电影来迟了吗？必修4立体设计走进新课堂二、动词ing形式作
38、宾语1动词ing形式可作某些动词、介词及形容词的宾语。The boy admitted being careless.这个男孩承认他太粗心大意了。I have never dreamed of visiting that place.我从未梦想到要参观那个地方。Hearing this，I cant help laughing.一听说这件事，我禁不住大笑起来。2常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词有：avoid避免 appreciate感激 advise建议miss错过 finish完成 mention提及必修4立体设计走进新课堂prevent阻止 escape逃避 imagine想象admit承认
39、 quit停止 resist抵制suggest建议 mind介意 consider考虑deny否认 enjoy喜欢 excuse原谅practise练习 delay推迟 risk冒险stand忍受 postpone推迟3接动词ing形式作宾语的介词常出现在下列短语中：be good at擅长于dream of梦想 lead to导致devote.to.把奉献于look forward to盼望，期盼必修4立体设计走进新课堂be used to习惯于feel like想要 insist on坚持think of想出 stick to坚持pay attention to注意get down to开
40、始认真做某事4接动词ing形式作宾语的形容词有：be worth doing sth.值得做某事be worthwhile doing sth.值得做某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事5既可接动词ing形式，又可接动词不定式作宾语，意义无多大区别的动词有：attempt尝试 begin/start开始continue继续 intend打算必修4立体设计走进新课堂6接动词ing形式和动词不定式作宾语，但意义差别较大的词或短语有：remember/regret/forget to do sth.记着去做/很遗憾/忘记要做某事remember/regret/forget doing
41、sth.记得做动/后悔/忘记已做了某事必修4立体设计走进新课堂7下列动词可接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doingneed/want/require/deserve to be done需要/想要/值得(被干)The sick woman required examining.The sick woman required to be examined.这位生病的妇女需要接受检查。必修4立体设计走进新课堂【链接训练】Was it _ the product on CCTV that made the comp
42、any the focus of the country then?Aadvertised Bhaving advertisedCto advertise Dadvertising【解析】这是一个强调句，其中 advertising the product on CCTV 是其真正的主语。句意为：在中央电视台做这个产品的广告使这个公司成为当时全国的焦点了吗？【答案】D必修4立体设计走进新课堂Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan before hand.Ahis being not able Bhim not
43、 to be ableChis not being able Dhim to be not able【解析】考查动名词的复合结构。题干中的介词 for 决定了后面要跟动名词作宾语，故排除B、D项。动名词的复合结构作宾语时，其逻辑主语可以是 his 或 him，但否定词 not 必须放在动名词的前面，故排除A项，答案是C。【答案】C必修4立体设计走进新课堂I have to go to work on foot，for my bike needs _.Arepair Bto repairCrepairing Dbeing repaired【解析】need作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被
44、动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。类似用法的词还有want，require，deserve等。【答案】C必修4立体设计走进新课堂Its no use _ me believe you.Ato try making Btrying to makeCto try to make Dtrying making【解析】Its no use doing sth.“做某事没有用的”，为固定用法，此处it作形式主语，后面的动词ing是真正的主语，故排除A、C项；try to do sth.“设法尽力去做某事”；try doing sth.“试着做某事”，根据句意“设法努力让我相信你是没有用的”，可知选B。【答
45、案】B必修4立体设计走进新课堂_ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.AThe president will attend BThe president to attendCThe president attended DThe presidents attending【解析】结合语境分析句子结构，所填空处连同其后的the meeting himself应该为句子的主语部分，故首先排除A、C两项；因句子的时态为一般过去时，总经理亲自参加会议是指过去的动作而非将要参加的会议，故排除B；D项为动名词的复合结构作主语。【答案】D
