1、第二学时Learning about Language一、回忆课文，写出下列短语1同意，赞成；订购_2上升，增长；升起_3发生；造成_4即使_5大量的_6反对 _7继续_8导致_ 答案：1subscribe to2.go upe about4.even if5quantities of6.be opposed to7.keep on8.result in二、回忆课文，完成下列句子1. 这个数值对你我来说很可能无关紧要，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapi
2、d increase when _other natural changes.答案：compared to2. 毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。_the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.答案：There is no doubt that3如果没有温室效应，地球温度将比现在低大约33摄氏度。_the gree
3、nhouse effect， the earth _be about thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler than it is.答案：Without；would4. 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳及其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气温仍会持续升高。_we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.答案：Even if1It
4、is a rapid increase compared to most natural changes.(p.26)跟多数自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。词语链接compared to/with 和比起来(相比), (过去分词短语充当状语)compare with/to 与类似， 比得上compare.to.把比喻成compare.with/to.把与作比较by comparison with 与相比即学即练完成下列句子。(1)This school _(可与媲美) the best in the country.(2)_(与他所收藏的相比), the new stamps wer
5、e not very interesting.(3)It was a small place then _(与现在相比)(4)He _(把心脏比作水泵)(5)Black _(把伦敦的公园比作人体的肺部)(6)If you _(把这本字典和那本比较一下), youll find many differences.答案：(1)compares with(2)Compared to/with what he had (collected) already(3)compared to what is now (4)compared the heart to a pump (5)compared the
6、 parks of London to the lungs of the human body(6)compare this dictionary with that one2So how has this come about and does it matter? (p.26)这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？词语链接come about 发生，造成come out出来；出版；开花；发芽；结果(如何)；(消息)传开come up发生，举行，走过来；被提出come over (从远处)来到；改变立场/观点come along 跟着去，赶快；进行，进展How come 句子.?
7、是怎么回事/怎么发生的？How did it come about that.?是怎么回事/怎么发生的？即学即练选用上述词语完成下列句子。(1)Sometimes it is hard to tell _(吵架是如何发生的)(2)The secret will finally_(泄露出去)(3)I _ (获得第一名) in the examination.(4)A beggar _(走上前) to us and asked for money.(5)The question of drugtaking _(一定会被提出来) at the next conference.(6)_(跟我来), I
8、ll show you to your room.(7)Its already 10 oclock.I wonder how it _(发生) that she was two hours late on such a short trip.(8)你怎么不到英国来度假呢？_(9) 他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？_答案：(1)how a quarrel comes about(2)come out(3)came out first(4)came up(5)is bound to come up(6)Come along(7)came about(8)Why dont you come over
9、 to England for a holiday？(9)How did it come about that he knew where we were？/ How came he knew where we were?3All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.(p.26)所有科学家都同意燃烧煤、天然
10、气、石油等化石燃料导致了地球气温升高。词语链接subscribe vi.同意；订阅；捐助vt.签署(文件), 捐助subscription n订阅， 订阅费；捐款subscriber n订阅人，订购者subscribe to 同意；订阅；捐助即学即练完成下列句子。(1)This magazine is available by _(2)We no longer _the view that women are inferior to men.(3)He _ regularly to the Hope Project.(4)He _ all the papers before he left.答
11、案：(1)subscription(2)subscribe to(3)subscribes(4)subscribed4The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.(p.26)但当我们使大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。quantity 数量和质量相对时作不可数名词；指具体数量时作可数名词。注意：短语a (large) quantity of或(large) quantities of 后既可跟可数名词的复数也可跟不可数名词。“a quantity
12、of 名词”构成主语时，谓语动词的数通常根据quantity的数来确定。 “large quantities of 名词” 作主语，谓语只能用复数形式。词组in quantity表示 “大量地”。即学即练用quantity和quantities填空。(1)_of apples were in the basket and a large _of milk was in the bucket.(2)Its a lot cheaper if you buy it in _(3)This company is more concerned with quality than _答案：(1)Quant
13、ities；quantity(2)quantity(3)quantity5They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.(p.26)他们还认为，正是由于燃烧的化石燃料越来越多而导致了二氧化碳的增加。词语链接result in引起， 导致(某种结果)(lead to; bring about; contribute to) result from 由造成，因而产生(带某种原因)即学即练用result
14、in 和result from 填空。(1)The accident _ three deaths.(2)He was ashamed that his hesitation _ failure.(3)Sickness often _ eating too much.(4)His failure _ not working hard enough.答案：(1)resulted in(2)resulted in(3)results from(4)resulted from6In fact, Hambley states，“More carbon dioxide is actually a pos
15、itive thing.It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animalsall of which will make life for human beings better.”(p.27)汉布利实际上是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事。它使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物的生长所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”词语链接state v陈述，说明，宣布，声明n状况，情况；国家statement n陈述stated adj.约
16、定的， 已经说明的the head of state 国家首脑即学即练A完成下列句子。(1)Youd better _(说清楚自己的见解)(2)He_(已声明) his intention to run for election.(3)_(据说) that all the people in the accident were killed.(4)He arrived _(按照既定的时间)(5)He is _(健康状况不太好)答案：(1)state your views clearly(2)has already stated(3)It is stated(4)at the stated ti
17、me(5)in a poor state of health词语链接range n范围 v从到各种种类beyond the range of 超越的范围out of ones range 某人达不到的地方或范畴range from.to. 从到不等range between.and. 从到不等即学即练B将下列句子译成汉语。(1)The company puts out a large range of products._(2)The two countries are separated by a range of mountains._(3)His interests range from
18、 chess to boating._答案：(1)这家公司生产的产品名目繁多。(2)这两个国家被一系列山脉隔开。(3)他的爱好从下国际象棋到划船，什么都喜欢。7Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.(p.27)温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。build up 逐步建立，增加，增进即学即练完成下列句子。(1)The clouds _(正在聚集)(2)He _(逐步恢复体力) again after an illness.(3)Taking exercise will _(增强体质)答案：(1)are building up(2
19、)built up his strength(3)build up your body8Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(p.27)即使我们开始减少二氧化碳及其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续升温。 keep on doing sth. 老是(不断)做某事注意：在很多情况下keep on doing和keep
20、doing 意思差不多， 但是当强调决心和毅力时，通常用keep on doing。即学即练完成下列句子。(1)If you _(老是犯同样的错误), youll be dismissed.(2)Prices _(不断地上涨) and they began to feel stressed.(3)I noticed Peter _(老是盯着我看)(4)They _(继续工作) although they were tired.答案：(1)kept making the same mistake(2)keep increasing(3)kept looking at me all the tim
21、e(4)kept on working9glance v. & n匆匆一看，扫视at first glance 乍一看，乍看之下glance at 浏览， 简略提及即学即练完成下列句子。(1)He _(瞥了一眼那个信封) and recognized his uncles handwriting.(2)_(乍一看) the problem seemed easy.答案：(1)glanced at the envelope(2)At first glance10on the whole 从整体看，大体上as a whole作为一个整体；总的来说 即学即练用on the whole, as a w
22、hole填空。(1)I think our trip was very successful _(2)You have made a few mistakes but _ you have done well.(3)The festival is of great importance for our city and for the country _答案：(1)on the whole(2)on the whole(3)as a whole11average n平均，平均数adj.平均的，普通的on (the) average 平均地above/below (the) average 在平
23、均水准以上/以下即学即练完成下列句子。(1)_ of 6 and 12 is 9.(2)1，000 people a year die of this disease _(3)Temperatures this year are _， so we feel a little cooler than before.答案：(1)The average(2)on (the) average(3)below the average12On the other hand，there are those，like George Humbley，who are opposed to this view.(p
24、.27)另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治汉布利，反对上面的观点。oppose v反对，抵制，后面带动词的ving形式They opposed the new tax.他们反对新税。I oppose your going there alone.我反对你单独去那里。I would oppose changing the law.我将反对改变这个法规。词语链接opposite adj.完全不同的，相对的；prep.在的对面；adv.在对面；n相反的人/物，对立面be opposed to反对(to是介词)即学即练选用上述词语填空。(1)He _ strongly _ the plan.(2)Fa
25、ther does not _ the idea at all.(3)The new tax program may meet with fierce _(4)There was a garden on the _ side of the street.答案：(1)is；opposed to(2)oppose(3)opposition(4)opposite13长难句结构分析(1)，,) .,)这是一个复合句，even if 引导让步状语从句，the climate.or centuries 是主句。(2) ，,).,)这是一个复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，说明先行词oil and g
26、as。(3)However，still .,)注意：people should.today为宾语从句。即学即练模仿造句，并分析句子成分。(1)即使我跟他们说的是实话，他们也不会相信。_(2)这条街道有好几周没有清扫了，很脏。_答案：(1)，,).,)(2) ，,).,)一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1The spokesman of government made a _(state) to the public to explain the accident.2What the _ (consume) need most is what the businessmen care most.3T
27、hey are totally _(oppose) to the new plan.4These years，our company has been developing _(steady)5Most of the villages around have been obviously _(pollution)6_(live) in Paris for 35 years，he experienced many social and cultural _(phenomenon) of France.答案：1statement2.consumers3.opposed4.steadily5poll
28、uted6.Having lived；phenomena二、词语活用1用range的相关词语完成下列小段落。The supermarket (1)_(有种类繁多的) goods.Their prices (2)_ (从几元到几百元不等)According to their varieties，the shop assistants (3)_ (把他们整齐地排列)on the shelves.答案：(1)keeps a wide range of(2)range from just only a few yuan to several hundred yuan(3)range them neat
29、ly2用compare.to/with, compare with, compared to, by comparison with, compare.to等词语自编一个小段落。_答案：Liu Sha sat on the seat，feeling rather depressed.Compared to Li Ling，a top student，one of her roommates, she was much weaker in English although she had been studying harder.She compared herself with Li Ling
30、 and thought she could be well compared with Li Ling both in attitude and ability.Maybe her study plan was unsuitable compared to Li Lings.As a result，she had to adjust her solution.Just as she was sighing，Xiao Xu，a smart girl，compared to a red rose，telephoned her and told her she failed in the Engl
31、ish exam again.When hearing it，she was better off by comparison with Xiao Xu，after all her effort was paid off.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空1When _(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.2In the atmosphere _(surround) the earth there are g
32、ases _(call) “greenhouse gases”3As Im not sure where _(start) with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.4It takes a lot of energy _(make) things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things _(make) from _(recycle) materials.5With his money _(run) out, he couldnt go back home
33、.6With more forests_(destroy), huge quantities of good earth _(wash) each year.7Environmentalists have tried to stop the earths temperature _(rise)8What are the names of the scientists _(mention) in the text?答案：1comparing2.surrounding；called3.to start4to make；made；recycled5.running6being destroyed；i
34、s being washed away7rising8.mentioned四、运用括号内的词组， 将下列句子译成英语1如果司机没有喝醉，这起交通事故就不会发生了。(come about)_答案：If the driver had not got drunk, the car accident wouldnt have come about.2室内温度在上升。(go up)_答案：The temperature in the room is going up.3这一事故导致三人死亡。(result in)_答案：The accident resulted in three people being killed.4我叫他停下来，但他还是哭个不停。(keep on)_答案：I have told him to stop but he keeps on crying.5即使要失败十次， 我也绝不灰心。(even if)_答案：I wouldnt lose courage even if I should fail ten times.