1、Period 3Grammar1.掌握构词法的知识,使学生学会根据词的结构辨别词类、理解词义。2.了解英语词汇的特点,逐步掌握英语词汇学习的策略。1.采取小组抢答的方式,看看哪个小组能够说出最多不同类型的构词。 2.通过游戏活跃课堂气氛,使学生充满兴趣地去进行小组合作和探究讨论,掌握不同的合成词的构成方式。重点单词1.n.地点;位置2.vi.解决;定居重点语法构词法自我核对重点单词:1.situation2.settle品句填空1.They have (success)in sending every one of the satellites into
2、 space.2.The adventurer (冒险者) gave a (friend)smile to all those who came to greet him.3.You must do the exercise (care).4.It will be (difficulty) to drive a motor car through such a storm.5.English is (wide) used in the world.6.The boy showed great (brave) in fighting the enemy.7.He was so (kindness
3、) that he gave me many storybooks.8.The book had been (sale) out when I got to the bookstore.9.The Frenchmen went to a (chemical) shop to get some medicine for his cough.10.The book is very .I am in it.(interest)【答案】1.succeeded2.friendly3.carefully4.difficult5.widely6.bravery7.kind8.sold9.chemist10.
4、interesting; interested1.settle阅读下列句子,注意settle的意思及用法。He helped us settle the problem.他帮助我们解决了这个问题。He and his family settled in New York in 1995.1995年他和家人定居纽约。The account hasnt been settled.账还没有结算。通过观察以上句子,我们发现settle作动词,意思是“”。【答案】解决;定居;结算settle down 定居下来settle in 安顿好settle up 结账settle on 就达
5、成协议settle down to 着手认真做单项填空Mr Johnson always carries a notebook, in which he everything that happens.A.sets downB.settles downC.comes down D.breaks down【答案与解析】A句意:约翰逊先生总是(随身)带着笔记本,在本子上记下所发生的一切。set down“写下”,符合语境。settle down“定居”;come down“倒塌;败落”;break down“拆散;损坏;失败”。2.advance 阅读下列句子,注意advance的意思及用法。Ou
6、r troops have advanced two miles.我们的部队已经前进了两英里。The date of the meeting was advanced from 10 to 3 June.会议日期已由6月10日提前到6月3日。Galileos ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived.伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代。通过观察以上句子,我们发现advance可作动词,意思是“(1)”;也可作名词,意思是“(2)”。【答案】(1)前进;提前(2)预先;超越advance on / tow
7、ards sb / sth 向某人 / 物前进in advance预先;提前in advance of在前面;超过单项填空When we got to the cinema, there were no tickets left.We should have booked .A.in returnB.in advanceC.in silence D.in public 【答案与解析】B句意:当我们到电影院时,票已经卖完了。我们本应该提前订票的。in advance“预先;提前”,符合句意。构词法英语的构词法主要有转化法、派生法和合成法。转化法是把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法。本讲主要
8、讲述派生法和合成法。一、派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫派生法。1.前缀表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失correct正确的incorrect不正确的lead带领mislead误导stop停下non-stop不停的;不停地2.后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence, -(e)r / -
9、or (从事某事的人), -ese (某地人), -ess (雌性), -ful (状态), -ian (精通的人), -ist (专业人员), -ment (性质;状态), -ness (性质;状态), -tion(动作;过程)等。differ不同于difference区别write写writer作家Japan日本Japanese日本人act表演actress女演员mouth口mouthful一口music音乐musician音乐家构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使化),-ize (使成为)。wide宽的widen加宽 beauty美beautify美化pu
10、re纯的purify提纯real真实的realize意识到organ器官;机构organize组织构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al, -able (有能力的), -(a)n(某国人的), -en (多用于表示材料的名词后), -ern (方向的), -ese(某国人的), -ful, -(ic)al, -ish, -ive, -less (表示否定), -like (像的), -ly, -ous, -some, -y (表示天气)等。nature自然natural自然的reason道理reasonable有道理的America美国American美国的China中国Chinese中国人的gold
11、金子golden金子般的east东eastern东方的child孩子childish孩子气的snow雪snowy雪的构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度), -ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。angry生气的angrily生气地to到towards朝;向east东方eastward向东二、合成法即把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词,前一个修饰或限定后一个。常见的有下面两种形式:1.合成名词构成方式例词名词 / 形容词 / 介词 / 代词 / 现在分词 / 动词 + 名词blackboard (黑板),weekend (周末),gentleman (绅士)
12、,afternoon (下午),she-wolf (母狼),flying-fish (飞鱼),typewriter (打字机)名词 / 副词 + 动词daybreak (黎明),outbreak (爆发)名词 + 动名词handwriting书法,sun-bathing日光浴名词 + 及物动词 + er / orpain-killer (止痛药)名词 + 介词 + 名词editor-in-chief (总编),mother-in-law (婆婆;岳母)过去分词 + 副词grown-up (成年人)2.合成形容词构成方式例词名词 + 形容词snow-white (雪白的)名词 / 副词 / 形容
13、词 + 现在分词English-speaking (讲英语的),hard-working (勤劳的),good-looking (相貌好看的)名词 / 副词 + 过去分词man-made (人造),well-known (著名的)数词 / 副词 / 介词 + 名词one-way (单行的),fast-food (专门提供快餐服务的),downhill (下坡的)数词 + 名词 + 形容词two-year-old (两岁的)数词 + 名词 + edfive-storeyed (五层的)动词 + 副词see-through (透明的)形容词 + 名词high-class (高级的)形容词 + 名词
14、 + ednoble-minded (高尚的)形容词 / 副词 + 形容词light-blue (浅蓝色的),ever-green (常青的)单项填空(1)Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his one.A.better-knownB.well-knownC.best-knownD.most-known【答案与解析】C句意:谈到他写的所有歌,我认为这首是最有名的。best-known“最有名的”,符合句意。易误选B项,well-known“著名的”,无比较含义。(2)Many students
15、 signed up for the race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A.800-metre-longB.800-metres-longC.800 metre lengthD.800 metres length【答案与解析】A800-metre-long是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,其中的名词只能用单数形式。(3)We have two in our town and a new chemical is to open soon.A.ironworks; worksB.ironworks; workC.ironwor
16、k; workD.ironwork; works【答案与解析】Aworks“工厂”,可构成许多复合名词,通常用复数形式但作单数看待,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。(4)The teacher made me for keeping the class in order while she went out.A.responsibleB.responsiblyC.respondD.responsive【答案与解析】Aresponsible“负责的”,形容词在句中作宾语补足语。(5)She looked up and smiled as he came in.A.pleasedB.pleasantC
17、.pleasureD.pleasantly【答案与解析】D副词pleasantly修饰谓语动词smiled。题中所给四个选项皆由动词please“使满意;使高兴”转化而来,但意思不同。用所给词的适当形式填空1.John is an(athlete) boy.He is good at running.2.A (translate) is someone who changes writing or speech into a different language.3.If something is(worth), it is important or useful, or you gain s
18、omething from it.4.(change) means unlikely to change or changing often.5.To (like) is to think someone or something is unpleasant and not like them.6.It is a physical(impossible) to be in two places at once.7.The mad man looked cross and(friend).8.Any(understand) can resolve itself into a quarrel.9.
19、The play was(amuse) written, but its subject was a serious one.10.He applied for(admit) to the university.11.His work was criticized for its poverty of(imagine).12.After arguing for hours, we finally reached a (settle).13.Here, they have been using the sports(equip) offering from China.14.I am not shy about talking to men I find(attract).【答案】1.athletic2.translator3.worthwhile4.Unchangeable5.dislike6.impossibility7.unfriendly8.misunderstanding9.amusingly10.admission11.imagination12.settlement13.equipment14.attractive温馨贴士本课时的核心部分为构词法,知识要点图解如下:
